考虑水泥浆液析水作用的水平裂隙注浆扩散机制研究
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摘要
水泥浆液是一种悬浊液且具有明显析水特性,浆液发生析水后,其自身黏度、密度明显变化,由此导致浆液在扩散区内黏度、密度等参数时空分布不均。为准确描述浆液发生析水后的裂隙注浆过程。简化浆液发生析水后在裂隙内的扩散运移形态,建立恒定注浆速率条件下,考虑浆液析水作用的裂隙注浆扩散理论模型,推导浆液扩散半径表达式与浆液微元体压力梯度方程。提出考虑析水作用的裂隙注浆计算方法,基于Matlab编程实现了浆液析水率与浆液压力的时空分布计算。利用自主研发的裂隙注浆模拟试验平台,对理论模型的合理性进行验证。研究结果表明,浆液析水率随浆液扩散距离的增加呈非线性变化;随着水灰比的增加,浆液析水率在空间上的分布差距明显增大;考虑浆液析水作用计算得到的注浆压力明显大于不考虑时的计算结果,并且随着浆液水灰比的增加,考虑析水与不考虑析水作用相比,二者计算得到的注浆压力差距越大;通过对比试验测试结果与理论计算值,理论计算得到的注浆压力是试验测试值的1.2～1.5倍,所建立的理论模型能够描述考虑析水作用下水泥浆液在裂隙中的扩散过程。
As a kind of suspension liquid,cement slurry has obvious characteristics of the bleeding. Once the bleeding occurs,the viscosity and the density of the slurry change obviously,which leads to the viscosity and the density of the slurry in time and space are not uniform at the penetration zone. In order to accurately describe the grouting process of the fracture under the function of the bleeding,a theoretical model of fracture grouting,considering the characteristic of cement bleeding,was established under the constant grouting rate,the expressions of the diffusion radius and the pressure gradient of slurry were derived,and a calculation method of fracture grouting considering the cement bleeding was put forward. Based on MATLAB programming,the distribution calculation of the bleeding rate and the grouting pressure in time and space was realized. The rationality of the theoretical model was verified by using the self-developed fracture grouting model test platform. The results show that the bleeding rate of the slurry shows a nonlinear change with the increase of the penetration length of the slurry. With increasing the water-cement ratio,the spatial distribution gap of the bleeding rate increases obviously.The grouting pressure calculated by considering cement bleeding is obviously higher than that of the unconsidered.With increasing the water-cement ratio of the slurry,the difference of the grouting pressure between two cases of considering and without considering cement bleeding rises. Comparison between the test results with the theoretical calculated values indicates that the grouting pressure obtained from the theoretical calculation is 1.2–1.5 times of the model test value. The established theoretical model can better describe the diffusion process of cement slurry in fracture grouting considering the effect of bleeding.
As a kind of suspension liquid,cement slurry has obvious characteristics of the bleeding. Once the bleeding occurs,the viscosity and the density of the slurry change obviously,which leads to the viscosity and the density of the slurry in time and space are not uniform at the penetration zone. In order to accurately describe the grouting process of the fracture under the function of the bleeding,a theoretical model of fracture grouting,considering the characteristic of cement bleeding,was established under the constant grouting rate,the expressions of the diffusion radius and the pressure gradient of slurry were derived,and a calculation method of fracture grouting considering the cement bleeding was put forward. Based on MATLAB programming,the distribution calculation of the bleeding rate and the grouting pressure in time and space was realized. The rationality of the theoretical model was verified by using the self-developed fracture grouting model test platform. The results show that the bleeding rate of the slurry shows a nonlinear change with the increase of the penetration length of the slurry. With increasing the water-cement ratio,the spatial distribution gap of the bleeding rate increases obviously.The grouting pressure calculated by considering cement bleeding is obviously higher than that of the unconsidered.With increasing the water-cement ratio of the slurry,the difference of the grouting pressure between two cases of considering and without considering cement bleeding rises. Comparison between the test results with the theoretical calculated values indicates that the grouting pressure obtained from the theoretical calculation is 1.2–1.5 times of the model test value. The established theoretical model can better describe the diffusion process of cement slurry in fracture grouting considering the effect of bleeding.
引文
[1]刘人太.水泥基速凝浆液地下工程动水注浆扩散封堵机制及应用研究[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2012.(LIU Rentai.Study on diffusion and plugging mechanism of quick setting cement based slurry in underground dynamic water grouting and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[2]SUI W,LIU J,HU W,et al.Experimental investigation on sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in rock fracture with flowing water[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2015,50(1):239-249.
[3]张霄.地下工程动水注浆过程中浆液扩散与封堵机制研究及应用[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2011.(ZHANG Xiao.Study on mechanism of slurry diffusion and sealing at the process of underground engineering moving water grouting and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shangdong University,2011.(in Chinese))
[4]张兴国,刘崇建,杨远光,等.水泥浆体系稳定性对水泥浆失重的重要影响[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(3):68-70.(ZHANG Xingguo,LIU Chongjian,YANG Yuanguang,et al.The important influence of cement slurry system Stability on cement slurry weightlessness[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute:Science and Technology,2004,26(3):68-70.(in Chinese))
[5]PENG Y,LAUTEN R A,REKNES K,et al.Bleeding and sedimentation of cement paste measured by hydrostatic pressure and Turbiscan[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2017,76:25-38.
[6]张峰,成云海,任禹,等.巷道围岩注浆水泥浆液性能试验研究[J].中国矿业,2013,22(3):83-86.(ZHANG Feng,CHENGYunhai,REN Yu,et al.Test and research on cement slurry as grouting material for mine roadway surrounding rock[J].China Mine Magazine,2013,22(3):83-86.(in Chinese))
[7]DRAGANOVI?A.Bleeding and filtration of cement-based grout[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Sweden:KTH Royal Institute of Technology,2009.
[8]邝键政,昝月稳,王杰,等.岩土工程注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:86-87.(KUANG Jianzheng,ZANYuewen,WANG Jie,et al.Theory and project example of grout in geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:86-87.(in Chinese))
[9]MASSOUSSI N,KEITA E,ROUSSEL N.The heterogeneous nature of bleeding in cement pastes[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2017,95:108-116.
[10]HAN J,WANG K.Influence of bleeding on properties and microstructure of fresh and hydrated Portland cement paste[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,115:240-246.
[11]PENG Y,LAUTEN R A,REKNES K,et al.Bleeding and sedimentation of cement paste measured by hydrostatic pressure and Turbiscan[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2017,76:25-38.
[12]李相辉,张庆松,张霄,等.水泥浆析水性能试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2018,21(1):9-14.(LI Xianghui,ZHANG Qingsong,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Research on the water bleeding property of cement slurry[J].Journal of Building material,2018,21(1):9-14.(in Chinese))
[13]李相辉.松散软弱介质注浆扩散和加固试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2015.(LI Xianghui.Research on theory of grouting diffusion and reinforcement in loose medium[M.S.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.(in Chinese))
[14]GUSTAFSON G,CLAESSON J,?SA F.Steering parameters for rock grouting[J].Journal of Applied Mathematics,2013,(1):1-9.
[15]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.(RUAN Wenjun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.(in Chinese))
[16]阮文军.基于浆液黏度时变性的岩体裂隙注浆扩散模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2 709-2 714.(RUAN Wenjun.Spreading model of grouting in rock mass fissures based on time-dependent behavior of viscosity of cement-based grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2 709-2 714.(in Chinese))
[17]刘健,刘人太,张霄,等.水泥浆液裂隙注浆扩散规律模型试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2 446-2 452.(LIU Jian,LIU Rentai,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Diffusion law model test and numerical simulation of cement fracture grouting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2 446-2 452.(in Chinese))
[18]章梓雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011:28-29.(ZHANG Zixiong,DONG Zengnan.Viscous fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua Press,2011:28-29.(in Chinese))
[19]张连震,张庆松,刘人太,等.基于浆液-岩体耦合效应的微裂隙岩体注浆理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(11):2 003-2 011.(ZHANG Lianzhen,ZHANG Qingsong,LIU Rentai,et al.Research on grouting mechanism in fractured rock considering slurry-rock stress coupling effects[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(11):2 003-2 011.(in Chinese))
[20]GUSTIN E J G,KARIM U F A,BROUWERS H J H.Bleeding characteristics for viscous cement and cement-bentonite grouts[J].Géotechnique,2007,57:391-395.
[21]BENJAMIN J B,GIE G A,LEE A J,et al.Cementing technique and the effects of bleeding[J].Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume,1987,69(4):620-624.
[2]SUI W,LIU J,HU W,et al.Experimental investigation on sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in rock fracture with flowing water[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2015,50(1):239-249.
[3]张霄.地下工程动水注浆过程中浆液扩散与封堵机制研究及应用[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2011.(ZHANG Xiao.Study on mechanism of slurry diffusion and sealing at the process of underground engineering moving water grouting and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shangdong University,2011.(in Chinese))
[4]张兴国,刘崇建,杨远光,等.水泥浆体系稳定性对水泥浆失重的重要影响[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(3):68-70.(ZHANG Xingguo,LIU Chongjian,YANG Yuanguang,et al.The important influence of cement slurry system Stability on cement slurry weightlessness[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute:Science and Technology,2004,26(3):68-70.(in Chinese))
[5]PENG Y,LAUTEN R A,REKNES K,et al.Bleeding and sedimentation of cement paste measured by hydrostatic pressure and Turbiscan[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2017,76:25-38.
[6]张峰,成云海,任禹,等.巷道围岩注浆水泥浆液性能试验研究[J].中国矿业,2013,22(3):83-86.(ZHANG Feng,CHENGYunhai,REN Yu,et al.Test and research on cement slurry as grouting material for mine roadway surrounding rock[J].China Mine Magazine,2013,22(3):83-86.(in Chinese))
[7]DRAGANOVI?A.Bleeding and filtration of cement-based grout[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Sweden:KTH Royal Institute of Technology,2009.
[8]邝键政,昝月稳,王杰,等.岩土工程注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:86-87.(KUANG Jianzheng,ZANYuewen,WANG Jie,et al.Theory and project example of grout in geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:86-87.(in Chinese))
[9]MASSOUSSI N,KEITA E,ROUSSEL N.The heterogeneous nature of bleeding in cement pastes[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2017,95:108-116.
[10]HAN J,WANG K.Influence of bleeding on properties and microstructure of fresh and hydrated Portland cement paste[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,115:240-246.
[11]PENG Y,LAUTEN R A,REKNES K,et al.Bleeding and sedimentation of cement paste measured by hydrostatic pressure and Turbiscan[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2017,76:25-38.
[12]李相辉,张庆松,张霄,等.水泥浆析水性能试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2018,21(1):9-14.(LI Xianghui,ZHANG Qingsong,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Research on the water bleeding property of cement slurry[J].Journal of Building material,2018,21(1):9-14.(in Chinese))
[13]李相辉.松散软弱介质注浆扩散和加固试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2015.(LI Xianghui.Research on theory of grouting diffusion and reinforcement in loose medium[M.S.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.(in Chinese))
[14]GUSTAFSON G,CLAESSON J,?SA F.Steering parameters for rock grouting[J].Journal of Applied Mathematics,2013,(1):1-9.
[15]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.(RUAN Wenjun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.(in Chinese))
[16]阮文军.基于浆液黏度时变性的岩体裂隙注浆扩散模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2 709-2 714.(RUAN Wenjun.Spreading model of grouting in rock mass fissures based on time-dependent behavior of viscosity of cement-based grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2 709-2 714.(in Chinese))
[17]刘健,刘人太,张霄,等.水泥浆液裂隙注浆扩散规律模型试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2 446-2 452.(LIU Jian,LIU Rentai,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Diffusion law model test and numerical simulation of cement fracture grouting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2 446-2 452.(in Chinese))
[18]章梓雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011:28-29.(ZHANG Zixiong,DONG Zengnan.Viscous fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua Press,2011:28-29.(in Chinese))
[19]张连震,张庆松,刘人太,等.基于浆液-岩体耦合效应的微裂隙岩体注浆理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(11):2 003-2 011.(ZHANG Lianzhen,ZHANG Qingsong,LIU Rentai,et al.Research on grouting mechanism in fractured rock considering slurry-rock stress coupling effects[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(11):2 003-2 011.(in Chinese))
[20]GUSTIN E J G,KARIM U F A,BROUWERS H J H.Bleeding characteristics for viscous cement and cement-bentonite grouts[J].Géotechnique,2007,57:391-395.
[21]BENJAMIN J B,GIE G A,LEE A J,et al.Cementing technique and the effects of bleeding[J].Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume,1987,69(4):620-624.