不同土壤基质下水分胁迫对黄檗幼苗形态和物质分配的影响
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摘要
土壤水分是影响植物生长发育和形态建成的重要因子之一,缺水对植物生产的负面影响已成为林业可持续发展的一个主要问题。为探究不同基质条件下黄檗幼苗对水分胁迫的响应,本研究以3年生黄檗幼苗为对象,在腐殖土、壤土和砂壤土基质中分别进行控水试验,水分梯度分别设置为CK(正常供水,80%田间持水量)、T1(轻度胁迫,60%田间持水量)、T2(中度胁迫,40%田间持水量)和T3(重度胁迫,20%田间持水量),测定幼苗苗高、地径、叶面积和生物量分配等指标。结果表明:胁迫60 d后,3种土壤基质中黄檗幼苗的苗高、地径和冠面积均随水分胁迫强度增加而降低(P <0.05)。与CK相比,腐殖土、壤土和砂壤土在T3处理下的叶面积分别降低了15.65%、58.64%和69.87%。在胁迫20 d时,3种土壤基质下各胁迫处理对茎生物量没有显著影响,但在胁迫60 d时,水分亏缺显著降低了茎生物量。随着胁迫程度的加深,腐殖土中幼苗根冠比呈逐渐增加的趋势,而壤土和砂壤土则是呈先增加后降低的趋势。冗余分析结果表明,土壤全N、全P、蒸发速率(Reva)和渗透速率(R_(pen))与幼苗形态和生物量存在明显的正相关关系,与根冠比呈负相关关系,而土壤容重(BD)与幼苗形态之间呈负相关关系。腐殖土条件下(即土壤容重、孔隙度和养分等条件合理的基质)适度的水分亏缺,有利于黄檗幼苗自身的形态建成,没有限制幼苗对碳水化合物的获取,在实际林业生产中需合理配置培育过程中的水分和土壤条件的关系,以提高苗木抵御胁迫的能力。
Soil moisture is one of the important factors affecting plant growth and morphogenesis. The negative impact of water shortage on plant production has become a major problem in the sustainable development of forestry.To investigate the response of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under water stress in different soil substrates, in this study, three-years-old seedlings of Phellodendron amurense were used as research objects, and an experiement was conducted to set four water gradients(normal water supply CK, mild stress T1,moderate stress T2 and severe stress T3, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% field water capacity respectively) in three soil substrates(humus, loam,sandy-loam) by pot controlled water method respectively. The seedlings height, ground diameter, leaf area and biomass allocation were determined in every treatments. The result showed that the height, ground diameter and crown area of Phellodendron amurense seedlings decreased with water stress intensity increasing in three soil substrates after 60 d stressed. Contrast to CK treatment, the leaf area in T3 in humus, loam and sandy-loam substates had decreased 15.65%, 58.64% and 69.87%. when stressed 20 d, the water stress had no effect on stem biomass significantly, but when the stress reach 60 days, the water deficit reduced the stem biomass significantly. With water stress intensity increasing, the root-shoot ratio was increased in humus and increased first and then decreased in loam and sandyloam gradually. The redundancy analysis indicated that there had a positive relation between soil total nitrogen(N), total phosphorus(P),evaporation rate(Reva), penetration rate(R_(pen)) and seedling morphology and biomass, but a negative effect on root-shoot ratio. However,the bulk density(BD) reach a negative relationship with seedling morphology. In humus condition, moderate water deficit is beneficial to the morphogenesis of the seedlings of Phellodendron amurense, and don't limit the intake of carbohydrates by seedlings. Therefore, in actual forestry production, the relationship between water and soil conditions in the cultivation process should be reasonably configured to improve the ability of seedlings to resist stress and afforestation performance.
Soil moisture is one of the important factors affecting plant growth and morphogenesis. The negative impact of water shortage on plant production has become a major problem in the sustainable development of forestry.To investigate the response of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under water stress in different soil substrates, in this study, three-years-old seedlings of Phellodendron amurense were used as research objects, and an experiement was conducted to set four water gradients(normal water supply CK, mild stress T1,moderate stress T2 and severe stress T3, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% field water capacity respectively) in three soil substrates(humus, loam,sandy-loam) by pot controlled water method respectively. The seedlings height, ground diameter, leaf area and biomass allocation were determined in every treatments. The result showed that the height, ground diameter and crown area of Phellodendron amurense seedlings decreased with water stress intensity increasing in three soil substrates after 60 d stressed. Contrast to CK treatment, the leaf area in T3 in humus, loam and sandy-loam substates had decreased 15.65%, 58.64% and 69.87%. when stressed 20 d, the water stress had no effect on stem biomass significantly, but when the stress reach 60 days, the water deficit reduced the stem biomass significantly. With water stress intensity increasing, the root-shoot ratio was increased in humus and increased first and then decreased in loam and sandyloam gradually. The redundancy analysis indicated that there had a positive relation between soil total nitrogen(N), total phosphorus(P),evaporation rate(Reva), penetration rate(R_(pen)) and seedling morphology and biomass, but a negative effect on root-shoot ratio. However,the bulk density(BD) reach a negative relationship with seedling morphology. In humus condition, moderate water deficit is beneficial to the morphogenesis of the seedlings of Phellodendron amurense, and don't limit the intake of carbohydrates by seedlings. Therefore, in actual forestry production, the relationship between water and soil conditions in the cultivation process should be reasonably configured to improve the ability of seedlings to resist stress and afforestation performance.
引文
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[19]肖强,叶文景,朱珠,等.利用数码相机和Photoshop软件非破坏性测定叶面积的简便方法[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):711-714.
[20]马太源,蓝炎阳,洪志方,等.花卉栽培介质不同配方理化性状比较研究[J].福建热作科技,2010,35(1):1-5.
[21]尹丽.麻疯树幼苗对干旱胁迫及施氮的生理生态响应[D].成都:四川农业大学,2011.
[22]吴丽君,李志辉.不同种源赤皮青冈幼苗生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):996-1003.
[23]SALA A,PIPER F,HOCH G.Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved[J].New Phytologist,2010,186(2):274-281.
[24]单立山,李毅,段雅楠,等.红砂幼苗根系形态特征和水分利用效率对土壤水分变化的响应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(6):1198-1205.
[25]NGUGI M R,HUNT M A,DOLEY D,et al.Dry matter production and allocation in Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia seedlings in response to soil water deficits[J].New Forests,2003,26(2):187-200.
[26]邓云,王冰,苏文华,等.干旱胁迫下巨尾桉的形态可塑性和生理响应特征[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1173-1179.
[27]WILSON P J,THOMPSON K,HODGSON J G.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,2010,143(1):155-162.
[2]YAN Y,GUO J,WANG G,et al.Effects of drought and nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics and resource allocation of Abies fabri seedlings in eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].New Forests,2012,43(4):505-518.
[3]VRIES F T D,BROWN C,STEVENS C J.Grassland species root response to drought:consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability[J].Plant&Soil,2016,409(1/2):297-312.
[4]SHI H,MA W,SONG J,et al.Physiological and transcriptional responses of Catalpa bungei to drought stress under sufficientand deficient-nitrogen conditions[J].Tree Physiology,2017(247):1-12.
[5]董蕾,李吉跃.植物干旱胁迫下水分代谢、碳饥饿与死亡机理[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5477-5483.
[6]庞世龙,欧芷阳,申文辉,等.干旱胁迫对蚬木幼苗表型可塑性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(5):21-25.
[7]姚小兰,周琳,冯茂松,等.干旱胁迫对不同基质网袋桢楠幼苗生长及生物量的影响[J].植物研究,2018,38(1):81-90.
[8]王林,代永欣,郭晋平,等.刺槐苗木干旱胁迫过程中水力学失败和碳饥饿的交互作用[J].林业科学,2016,52(6):1-9.
[9]安玉艳,梁宗锁,郝文芳.杠柳幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的生长与生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):716-725.
[10]徐飞,郭卫华,徐伟红,等.刺槐幼苗形态、生物量分配和光合特性对水分胁迫的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):24-30.
[11]卫星,李贵雨,吕琳.农林废弃物育苗基质的保水保肥效应[J].林业科学,2015,51(12):26-34.
[12]李霞.环境因子对黄檗幼苗生长及主要药用成分含量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[13]张玉红,徐丽娇,邱静珺,等.不同植被地区天然黄檗生物碱含量对季节的响应[J].植物研究,2014,34(3):409-416.
[14]徐丽娇,邱婧珺,孙铭隆,等.季节和地理差异对天然黄檗小檗碱和药根碱含量的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6355-6365.
[15]张玉红,程楷珊,高欣,等.黄檗幼苗抗氧化物质及生物碱含量对UV-B辐射增强响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(1):27-36.
[16]张玉红,刘彤,周志强.黑龙江黄檗皮中药用活性成分含量差异及聚类分析[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):51-54.
[17]YANG N,JI L,SALAHUDDIN,et al.The influence of tree species on soil properties and microbial communities following afforestation of abandoned land in northeast China[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2018(85):73-78.
[18]陈立新.土壤实验实习教程[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005.
[19]肖强,叶文景,朱珠,等.利用数码相机和Photoshop软件非破坏性测定叶面积的简便方法[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):711-714.
[20]马太源,蓝炎阳,洪志方,等.花卉栽培介质不同配方理化性状比较研究[J].福建热作科技,2010,35(1):1-5.
[21]尹丽.麻疯树幼苗对干旱胁迫及施氮的生理生态响应[D].成都:四川农业大学,2011.
[22]吴丽君,李志辉.不同种源赤皮青冈幼苗生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):996-1003.
[23]SALA A,PIPER F,HOCH G.Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved[J].New Phytologist,2010,186(2):274-281.
[24]单立山,李毅,段雅楠,等.红砂幼苗根系形态特征和水分利用效率对土壤水分变化的响应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(6):1198-1205.
[25]NGUGI M R,HUNT M A,DOLEY D,et al.Dry matter production and allocation in Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia seedlings in response to soil water deficits[J].New Forests,2003,26(2):187-200.
[26]邓云,王冰,苏文华,等.干旱胁迫下巨尾桉的形态可塑性和生理响应特征[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1173-1179.
[27]WILSON P J,THOMPSON K,HODGSON J G.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,2010,143(1):155-162.