计及时滞环节的孤岛微电网控制器参数优化研究
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摘要
小信号模型是微电网控制器参数优化的基础。目前小信号模型是利用一个简化传递函数模型来进行研究,然而分布式电源(DG)在功率调节所建立的小信号模型中还存在时滞问题,特别是逆变器当中变流器功率响应的固有时滞即PWM时滞和数字电路采集方面的时滞问题。为此,不同于传统方法对微电网参数进行优化,而是建立含有时滞模型的小干扰信号模型,然后再进行控制器参数优化。通过对比考虑时滞的方法以及传统方法的差异,揭示参数不同对于系统稳定性的影响,从而提出含有时滞系统的微电网参数优化方法。通过建立含有2个DG的并联微电网孤网系统,比较了系统特性的差异,验证了所提方法的合理性和优越性。
The small signal model is the basis of microgrid parameter optimization, which usually employs a simplified transfer function model to conduct research. However, the small signal model of Distributed Generation(DG) based on power regulation has time delay problems, especially the inherent time delay of the inverter's power response namely PWM delay and the acquisition delay of digital circuits. Therefore, differing from the traditional microgrid parameter optimization, a small signal model with time delay effect is established for the microgrid parameter optimization. By comparing the method with time delay considered and the traditional method, the different effects upon the system stability of different parameters are revealed, and the microgrid parameter optimization with time delay system is proposed. With simulations conducted upon the parallel islanded microgrid system with 2 DGs, the characteristic differences of systems are compared and the rationality and superiority of the proposed method is verified.
The small signal model is the basis of microgrid parameter optimization, which usually employs a simplified transfer function model to conduct research. However, the small signal model of Distributed Generation(DG) based on power regulation has time delay problems, especially the inherent time delay of the inverter's power response namely PWM delay and the acquisition delay of digital circuits. Therefore, differing from the traditional microgrid parameter optimization, a small signal model with time delay effect is established for the microgrid parameter optimization. By comparing the method with time delay considered and the traditional method, the different effects upon the system stability of different parameters are revealed, and the microgrid parameter optimization with time delay system is proposed. With simulations conducted upon the parallel islanded microgrid system with 2 DGs, the characteristic differences of systems are compared and the rationality and superiority of the proposed method is verified.
引文
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[18]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[19]苏适,周立栋,陆海,等.基于改进混沌粒子群算法的多源独立微网多目标优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(23):34-41.SU Shi,ZHOU Lidong,LU Hai,et al.Multi-objective optimization method of multi-source independent microgrid based on modified CPSO[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(23):34-41.
[20]刘梦璇,王成山,郭力,等.基于多目标的独立微电网优化设计方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):34-39.LIU Mengxuan,WANG Chengshan,GUO Li,et al.An optimal design method of multi-objective based island microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):34-39.
[2]李聪.基于下垂控制的微电网运行仿真及小信号稳定性分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.
[3]范元亮,苗逸群.基于下垂控制结构微网小扰动稳定性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(4):1-7.FAN Yuanliang,MIAO Yiqun.Small signal stability analysis of microgrid droop controlled power allocation loop[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(4):1-7.
[4]李奇,杨寒卿,韩莹,等.光伏并网发电系统参数协调优化方法研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(5):894-901.LI Qi,YANG Hanqing,HAN Ying,et al.Method of parameter coordination optimization for grid-connected photovoltaic system[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(5):894-901.
[5]WANG Y,CHEN Z,WANG X,et al.An estimator-based distributed voltage-predictive control strategy for ACislanded microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(7):3934-3951.
[6]袁昊哲,杨苹.串联结构多微网并离网模式切换控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):94-100.YUAN Haozhe,YANG Ping.Grid-connected and off-grid mode switching control strategies of multi-microgrid with series structure[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):94-100.
[7]POGAKU N,PRODANOVIC M,GREEN T C.Modeling,analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(2):613-625.
[8]肖朝霞,王成山,王守相.含多微型电源的微网小信号稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(6):81-85.XIAO Zhaoxia,WANG Chengshan,WANG Shouxiang.Small-signal stability analysis of microgrid containing multiple micro sources[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(6):81-85.
[9]GUO Wenming,MU Longhua.Control principles of micro-source inverters used in microgrid[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):56-62.DOI:10.1186/s41601-016-0019-8.
[10]TANG X,DENG W,QI Z.Investigation of the dynamic stability of microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(2):698-706.
[11]张明锐,黎娜,杜志超,等.基于小信号模型的微网控制参数选择与稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):9-19.ZHANG Mingrui,LI Na,DU Zhichao,et al.Control parameter selection and stability analysis of microgrid based on small-signal model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):9-19.
[12]周念成,孟潇潇,王强钢.考虑逆变型分布式电源时滞的孤岛微网小信号稳定分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(12):20-25.ZHOU Niancheng,MENG Xiaoxiao,WANG Qianggang,et al.Small signal stability analysis of islanded microgrid considering time-delay effect of inverter interfaced distributed generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(12):20-25.
[13]WANG Y,WANG X,CHEN Z,et al.Small-signal stability analysis of inverter-fed power systems using component connection method[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(5):5301-5310.
[14]熊连松,刘小康,卓放,等.光伏发电系统的小信号建模及其控制器参数的全局优化设计方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1234-1241.XIONG Liansong,LIU Xiaokang,ZHUO Fang,et al.Small-signal modeling of photovoltaic power generation system and global optimal design for its controller parameters[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1234-1241.
[15]黄素娟,窦晓波,焦阳,等.双主电源并联运行的微电网小信号稳定性分析与控制参数优化[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(13):36-43.HUANG Sujuan,DOU Xiaobo,JIAO Yang,et al.Small signal stability analysis and control parameters optimization of micro-grids based on paralleled dual power[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(13):36-43.
[16]张建华,苏玲,刘若溪,等.逆变型分布式电源微网小信号稳定性动态建模分析[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(22):97-102.ZHANG Jianhua,SU Ling,LIU Ruoxi,et al.Small-signal dynamic modeling and analysis of a microgrid composed of inverter-interfaced distributed generations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(22):97-102.
[17]明杰,向红吉,戴朝华,等.大规模风电接入的运行场景无功优化评估[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2737-2742.MING Jie,XIANG Hongjie,DAI Chaohua,et al.Operation scenario reactive power optimization assessment with large-scale wind farm integration[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2737-2742.
[18]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[19]苏适,周立栋,陆海,等.基于改进混沌粒子群算法的多源独立微网多目标优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(23):34-41.SU Shi,ZHOU Lidong,LU Hai,et al.Multi-objective optimization method of multi-source independent microgrid based on modified CPSO[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(23):34-41.
[20]刘梦璇,王成山,郭力,等.基于多目标的独立微电网优化设计方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(17):34-39.LIU Mengxuan,WANG Chengshan,GUO Li,et al.An optimal design method of multi-objective based island microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(17):34-39.