促进玉米子粒脱水的农艺措施研究进展
|
摘要
作为我国玉米的主要产品类型,子粒用玉米收获时含水率是决定玉米子粒机械化直收质量、储藏安全和经济效益的关键因素,收获期子粒含水率高已经成为制约我国机械化粒收技术大面积推广应用、影响玉米及其制品质量与安全生产、限制玉米产业提质增效发展的重要经济与技术问题。对国内外促进玉米子粒脱水的农艺措施相关研究进行总结与分析,认为未来玉米全程机械化生产过程中,在选用适宜子粒机械化直收优良品种的前提下,应结合各区域不同熟期品种的精细化布局,通过不断改进种植模式、优化养分和水分精准运筹方式,创新适时冠层结构调控措施,研发高效促脱水化学调控产品等关键栽培技术途径,建立生育后期子粒灌浆和脱水动力学协同关系,营造通透群体微区环境,加速子粒水分散失;收获时间调节方面,除了依据不同品种生理成熟前后的子粒脱水动力学进程、种植规模、市场供需格局和农机调度管理等因素外,还应充分考虑田间倒伏、落穗、穗腐、虫害及野生动物破坏导致的产量损失;此外,应加强与关键技术措施相配套的轻简化农机装备的有效研制,将农艺农机深度融合,进一步推动玉米子粒机械化直收技术应用,促进我国玉米及其制品质量与安全,提升玉米生产竞争力,实现玉米产业可持续发展。
Grain maize is the main maize product in China, its grain moisture content in harvest period is a keyfactor determining the quality of mechanical grain harvesting, storage safety and economic benefits. High grainmoisture content in harvest period has become an important economic and technical problem that restrict the largearea demonstration, popularization and application of mechanical grain direct harvesting technology in China,detrimental effect on quality and safety of maize and its products, hinder the high quality and efficiency developmentof maize industry. In this paper, studies related agronomic practice for grain moisture loss of maize in China andabroad were summarized and analyzed. For the whole mechanized production process of maize in future, on thepremise of selecting suitable varieties for grain mechanized direct harvesting, combined the precise distribution ofvarieties with different ripening stages, we should improve related key cultivation techniques. These include modifiedplanting patterns, optimized precise methods for nutrient and water management, innovative measure for timelycanopy structure regulation, and highly effective chemical regulation products for grain dehydration to coordinatethe synergistic relationship between grain filling and dehydration kinetics, constructing well ventilated and high lightefficiency population micro-area environment, accelerating grain moisture loss during later growth developmentperiod. In terms of harvesting time adjustment, besides the factors of grain dehydration dynamics process for differentvarieties before and after physiological maturation, planting scale, market supply and demand pattern, agriculturalmachinery dispatching management and so on, the yield losses caused by lodging, ear shedding, ear rot, pests andwildlife destruction in field should also be fully considered. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the effectivemanufacture of light and simplified agricultural machinery equipment matched with key technical measures, promotedeep integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, and ultimately help to accelerate grain mechanized directharvesting technology application to ensure the quality, safety, the competitiveness and the sustainability of maizeindustry in China.
Grain maize is the main maize product in China, its grain moisture content in harvest period is a keyfactor determining the quality of mechanical grain harvesting, storage safety and economic benefits. High grainmoisture content in harvest period has become an important economic and technical problem that restrict the largearea demonstration, popularization and application of mechanical grain direct harvesting technology in China,detrimental effect on quality and safety of maize and its products, hinder the high quality and efficiency developmentof maize industry. In this paper, studies related agronomic practice for grain moisture loss of maize in China andabroad were summarized and analyzed. For the whole mechanized production process of maize in future, on thepremise of selecting suitable varieties for grain mechanized direct harvesting, combined the precise distribution ofvarieties with different ripening stages, we should improve related key cultivation techniques. These include modifiedplanting patterns, optimized precise methods for nutrient and water management, innovative measure for timelycanopy structure regulation, and highly effective chemical regulation products for grain dehydration to coordinatethe synergistic relationship between grain filling and dehydration kinetics, constructing well ventilated and high lightefficiency population micro-area environment, accelerating grain moisture loss during later growth developmentperiod. In terms of harvesting time adjustment, besides the factors of grain dehydration dynamics process for differentvarieties before and after physiological maturation, planting scale, market supply and demand pattern, agriculturalmachinery dispatching management and so on, the yield losses caused by lodging, ear shedding, ear rot, pests andwildlife destruction in field should also be fully considered. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the effectivemanufacture of light and simplified agricultural machinery equipment matched with key technical measures, promotedeep integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, and ultimately help to accelerate grain mechanized directharvesting technology application to ensure the quality, safety, the competitiveness and the sustainability of maizeindustry in China.
引文
[1]赵久然,刘月娥.玉米及其制品质量安全风险及控制.食品科学技术学报,2016,34(4):12-17.
[2]李少昆,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.机械粒收推动玉米生产方式转型.中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1842-1844.
[3]冯东升,高树仁,杨克军.解析玉米籽粒脱水的动力问题.中国种业,2017(10):35-36.
[4]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析.作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.
[5]易克传,朱德文,张新伟,等.含水率对玉米籽粒机械化直接收获的影响.中国农机化学报,2016,37(11):78-80.
[6]倪长安,李心平,刘师多,等.机收玉米破损的危害及预防.农机化研究,2009,31(8):221-224.
[7]王燕,李增梅,董燕婕,等.真菌毒素对玉米质量安全的影响研究.农产品质量与安全,2015(3):58-62.
[8]李艳杰,史纪明,鞠成梅,等.玉米子粒水分与品种性状相关性研究初报.玉米科学,2000,8(4):37-38.
[9]张万旭,明博,王克如,等.基于品种熟期和籽粒脱水特性的机收粒玉米适宜播期与收获期分析.中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1890-1898.
[10]Lauer J. Variability of planting date on corn grain yield,moisture andgrower return. Corn Agronmony,1998,5(5):27-28.
[11]Tsimaba R,Edmeades G O,Millner J P,et al. The effect of plantingdate on maize grain yields and yield components. Field CropsResearch,2013,150:135-144.
[12]Sve?hjak Z,Varga B,Grbe?a D,et al. Effect of sowing date on yieldand quality of high moisture ear and grain production for maize.Mljekarstvo,2007,57(4):321-335.
[13]Abdala L J,Gambin B L,Borrás L. Sowing date and maize grainquality for dry milling. European Journal of Agronomy,2018,92:1-8.
[14]Swan J B,Schneider E C,Moncrief J F,et al. Estimating corngrowth,yield,and grain moisture from air growing degree days andresidue cover. Agronomy Journal,1986,79(1):53-60.
[15]Amanullah,Asif M,Malhi S S,et al. Effects of phosphorusfertilizers source and plant density on growth and yield of maize inNorthwestern Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(12):2080-2093.
[16]Farnham D E. Row spacing,plant density,and hybrid effects on corngrain yield and moisture. Agronomy Journal,2001,93(5):1049-1053.
[17]Widdicombe W D,Thelen K D. Row width and plant density effectson corn grain production in the Northern Corn Belt. AgronomyJournal,2002,94(5):1020-1023.
[18]刘铁东,宋凤斌.灌浆期玉米冠层微环境对宽窄行种植模式的反应.干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):37-40.
[19]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区不同种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特性的影响.作物学报,2014,40(1):181-189.
[20]姚亮亮,王平,顾鑫,等.三空栽培技术对玉米籽粒含水量的影响.黑龙江农业科学,2017(5):34-36.
[21]付健,杨克军,王玉凤,等.种植方式和密度对寒地高产玉米品种产量及光合物质生产特性的影响.玉米科学,2014,22(6):84-90.
[22]王云奇,张英华,宋文品,等.一穴多株种植对夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量的影响.玉米科学,2015,23(5):117-123.
[23]杨利华,马瑞昆.植株田间分布均匀度的定义与计算.玉米科学,2006,14(S1):92-94.
[24]马青枝,赵利梅,赵继文,等.地膜覆盖对春玉米籽粒建成和品质形成影响的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000(S1):21-25.
[25]Ziyomo C,Albrecht K A,Baker J M,et al. Corn performanceunder managed drought stress and in a kura clover living mulchintercropping system. Agronomy Journal,2013,105(3):579-586.
[26]焦念元,宁堂原,杨萌珂,等.玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4324-4330.
[27]高莹,吴普特,赵西宁,等.春小麦/春玉米间作模式光温环境特征研究.水土保持研究,2015,22(3):163-169.
[28]曾红,王小春,陈国鹏,等.喷施烯效唑对玉米-大豆套作群体株型及产量的影响.核农学报,2016,30(7):1420-1426.
[29]余利,刘正,王波,等.行距和行向对不同密度玉米群体田间小气候和产量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(8):938-942.
[30]Dumenil L,Shaw R H. You can hasten corn maturity. Iowa FarmScience,1952,6:162-164.
[31]Peaslee D E. Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutritionon yield,rates of kernel growth,and grain filling periods of twohybrids. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1977,8(5):373-389.
[32]Zhang J,Blackmer A M,Kyveryga P M,et al. Fertilizer-inducedadvances in corn growth stage and quantitative definitions of nitrogendeficiencies. Pedosphere,2008,18(1):60-68.
[33]Olson R A,Sander D H. Corn production//Olson R A,Sander DH,Sprague G H,et al. Corn and Corn Improvement-AgronomyMonograph(3rd edition). Madison:ASA-CSSA-SSSA,1988:639-686.
[34]Amanullah,Khattak R A,Khalil S K. Plant density and nitrogeneffects on maize phenology and grain yield. Journal of PlantNutrition,2009,32(2):246-260.
[35]Troyer A F,Ambrose W B. Plant characteristics affecting field dryingrate of ear corn. Crop Science,1971,11(4):529-531.
[36]CerdáA,Pardines J,Botella M A,et al. Effect of potassium ongrowth,water relations,and the inorganic and organic solute contentsfor two maize cultivars grown under saline conditions. Journal ofPlant Nutrition,1995,18(4):839-851.
[37]李文娟,何萍,金继运.钾素营养对玉米生育后期干物质和养分积累与转运的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):799-807.
[38]李艳杰,史纪明,鞠成梅.降低寒地玉米子粒水分的高产技术研究.玉米科学,1999,7(2):62-65.
[39]Amanullah,Irfanullah A,Hidayat Z. Potassium management forimproving growth and grain yield of maize(Zea mays L.)undermoisture stress condition. Scientific Reports,2016,6:34627.
[40]Brooking I R. Maize ear moisture during grain-filling,and its relationto physiological maturity and grain-drying. Field Crops Research,1990,23(1):55-68.
[41]孟兆江,刘安能,庞鸿宾,等.夏玉米调亏灌溉的生理机制与指标研究.农业工程学报,1998(4):94-98.
[42]赵建华,樊廷录,王淑英,等.制种玉米种子乳线发育的水氮效应.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):938-945.
[43]Kang S Z,Shi W J,Zhang J H. An improved water-use efficiencyfor maize grown under regulated deficit irrigation. Field CropsResearch,2000,67(3):207-214.
[44]Sara A,Alejandra N,Sebastian B,et al. Regulated deficit irrigationin potted Dianthus plants:Effects of severe and moderate waterstress on growth and physiological responses. Scientia Horticulturae,2009,122(4):579-585.
[45]寇丹,苏德荣,吴迪,等.地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响.农业工程学报,2014,30(2):116-123.
[46]Igbadun H E,Salim B A,Tarimo A K P R,et al. Effects of deficitirrigation scheduling on yields and soil water balance of irrigatedmaize. Irrigation Science,2008,27(1):11-23.
[47]张振华,蔡焕杰.水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量的影响.灌溉排水,2001,20(2):13-16.
[48]张芮,成自勇,李有先.水分亏缺对膜下滴灌制种玉米生长及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):125-128.
[49]魏永霞,马瑛瑛,刘慧,等.调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应.农业机械学报,2018,49(3):252-260.
[50]徐云姬,钱希旸,李银银,等.根系分区交替灌溉对玉米籽粒灌浆及相关生理特性的影响.作物学报,2016,42(2):230-242.
[51]Dusky J A,Kang M S,Glaz B,et al. Response of eight sugarcanecultivars to glyphosine and glyphosate ripeners. Journal of PlantGrowth Regulation,1985,4(1/2/3/4):225-235.
[52]董朋飞,王群,苌建峰,等.作物化学催熟技术现状与玉米化学催熟展望.中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):88-93.
[53]黄旭照.杀草快(Diguat)和百草枯(Paraquat)作为干燥剂在玉米上的应用.黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1981(1):55-57.
[54]Zhang L,Liang X G,Shen S,et al. Increasing the abscisic acid levelin maize grains induces precocious maturation by accelerating grainfilling and dehydration. Plant Growth Regulation,2018,86(1):65-79.
[55]Kasele I N,Nyirenda F,Shanahan J F,et al. Ethephon alters corngrowth,water use,and grain yield under drought stress. AgronomyJournal,1994,86(2):283-288.
[56]刘晓双,顾万荣,张立国,等.噻苯隆-乙烯利复配剂对玉米子粒脱水效果及产量品质的影响.西南农业学报,2018,31(5):934-940.
[57]Ren B Z,Zhu Y L,Zhang J W,et al. Effects of spraying exogenoushormone 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)after waterlogging on grain yieldand growth of summer maize. Field Crops Research,2016,188:96-104.
[58]韩玉军,陶波,刘金宇,等. DA型玉米脱水剂的脱水效果及其对玉米营养品质的影响.玉米科学,2012,20(2):95-98.
[59]徐田军,董志强,高娇,等.聚糠萘水剂对黑龙江省不同积温带玉米籽粒灌浆的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(2):451-458.
[60]王小春,杨文钰,陈刚,等.喷施烯效唑对玉米叶片衰老特性和产量的影响.玉米科学,2009,17(1):86-88.
[61]薛吉全,马国胜,路海东,等.密度对不同类型玉米源库关系及产量的调控.西北植物学报,2001(6):114-120.
[62]Lizaso J I,Fonseca A E,Westgate ME. Simulating source-limitedand sink-limited kernel set with CERES-Maize. Crop Science,2007,47(5):2078-2088.
[63]Bonelli L E,Monzon J P,Cerrudo A,et al. Maize grain yieldcomponents and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay insowing date. Field Crops Research,2016,198:215-225.
[64] Sala R G,Andrade F H,Westgate M E,et al. Maize kernel moistureat physiological maturity as affected by the source-sink relationshipduring grain filling. Crop Science,2007,47(2):711-716.
[65]Tanaka W,Maddonni G A. Pollen source and post-flowering source/sink ratio effects on maize kernel weight and oil concentration. CropScience,2008,48(2):666-677.
[66]陆卫平,卢家栋,童长兴,等.玉米灌浆结实期产量源库关系的研究.江苏农学院学报,1996,17(4):23-26.
[67]Cornelius P L,Russell W A,Woolley D G. Effect of topping onmoisture loss,dry matter accumulation,and yield of corn grain.Agronomy Journal,1961,53(5):285-289.
[68]Hicks D R,Geadelmann G L,Peterson R H. Drying rates of frostedmaturing maize. Agronomy Journal,1976,68(3):452-455.
[69]Liu T N,Huang R D,Cai T,et al. Optimum leaf removal increasesnitrogen accumulation in kernels of maize grown at high density.Scientific Reports,2017,7:39601.
[70]Kang M S,Zuber M S,Colbert T R,et al. Effect of certain agronomictraits on and relationship between rates of grain moisture reductionand grain fill during filling period in maize. Field Crops Research,1986,14(4):339-347.
[71]闫淑琴,苏俊,李春霞,等.玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水速率的相关与通径分析.黑龙江农业科学,2007(4):1-4.
[72]张林,张宝石,王霞,等.玉米收获期籽粒含水量与主要农艺性状相关分析.东北农业大学学报,2009,40(10):9-12.
[73]秦营营,董树亭,魏珊珊,等.去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2015,48(11):2118-2126.
[74]李璐璐,谢瑞芝,王克如,等.去苞叶对玉米子粒脱水过程的影响.作物杂志,2018(2):114-117.
[75]孟庆平,张玉权,常淑娟,等.玉米最佳收获期的主要相关性状研究初探.玉米科学,2007,15(增刊):117-118.
[76]Carter M W,Poneleit C G. Black layer maturity and filling periodamong inbred lines of corn(Zea mays L.). Crop Science,1973,13(4):436-439.
[77]Ma B L,Dwyer L M. Maize kernel moisture,carbon and nitrogenconcentrations from silking to physiological maturity. CanadianJournal of Plant Science,2001,81(2):225-232.
[78]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系.中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.
[79]李璐璐,薛军,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米籽粒含水率对机械粒收质量的影响.作物学报,2018,44(12):1747-1754.
[80]Daynard T B,Duncan W G. The black layer and grain maturity incorn. Crop Science,1969,9(4):473-476.
[81]Knittle K H,Burris J S. Effect of kernel maturation on subsequentseedling vigor in maize. Crop Science,1976,16(6):851-855.
[82]Nielsen R L,Brown G,Wuethrich K,et al. Kernel dry weight lossduring post-maturity dry down intervals in corn.(1996-12-02)[2018-07-20]http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/research/rpt94-01.htm.
[83]Finck C. Field dry down robs yield. Farm Journal,1995,119(11):14-15.
[84]李璐璐,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米生理成熟后田间脱水期间的籽粒重量与含水率变化.中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2052-2060.
[85]University of Wisconsin.Grain Harvesting.(2006-02-01)[2018-07-20] http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/L032.aspx.
[86]Piggott S D. Simulation of corn in field drydown. East Lansing:Dissertations and Theses-Gradworks of Michigan State University,2010.
[87]李少昆,王克如,王延波,等.辽宁中部地区玉米机械粒收质量及其限制因素研究.作物杂志,2018(3):162-167.
[88]Mahoney K J,Klapwyk J H,Stewart G A,et al. Agronomicmanagement strategies to reduce the yield loss associated with springharvested corn in Ontario. American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(2):372-384.
[2]李少昆,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.机械粒收推动玉米生产方式转型.中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1842-1844.
[3]冯东升,高树仁,杨克军.解析玉米籽粒脱水的动力问题.中国种业,2017(10):35-36.
[4]柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析.作物杂志,2013(4):116-119.
[5]易克传,朱德文,张新伟,等.含水率对玉米籽粒机械化直接收获的影响.中国农机化学报,2016,37(11):78-80.
[6]倪长安,李心平,刘师多,等.机收玉米破损的危害及预防.农机化研究,2009,31(8):221-224.
[7]王燕,李增梅,董燕婕,等.真菌毒素对玉米质量安全的影响研究.农产品质量与安全,2015(3):58-62.
[8]李艳杰,史纪明,鞠成梅,等.玉米子粒水分与品种性状相关性研究初报.玉米科学,2000,8(4):37-38.
[9]张万旭,明博,王克如,等.基于品种熟期和籽粒脱水特性的机收粒玉米适宜播期与收获期分析.中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1890-1898.
[10]Lauer J. Variability of planting date on corn grain yield,moisture andgrower return. Corn Agronmony,1998,5(5):27-28.
[11]Tsimaba R,Edmeades G O,Millner J P,et al. The effect of plantingdate on maize grain yields and yield components. Field CropsResearch,2013,150:135-144.
[12]Sve?hjak Z,Varga B,Grbe?a D,et al. Effect of sowing date on yieldand quality of high moisture ear and grain production for maize.Mljekarstvo,2007,57(4):321-335.
[13]Abdala L J,Gambin B L,Borrás L. Sowing date and maize grainquality for dry milling. European Journal of Agronomy,2018,92:1-8.
[14]Swan J B,Schneider E C,Moncrief J F,et al. Estimating corngrowth,yield,and grain moisture from air growing degree days andresidue cover. Agronomy Journal,1986,79(1):53-60.
[15]Amanullah,Asif M,Malhi S S,et al. Effects of phosphorusfertilizers source and plant density on growth and yield of maize inNorthwestern Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(12):2080-2093.
[16]Farnham D E. Row spacing,plant density,and hybrid effects on corngrain yield and moisture. Agronomy Journal,2001,93(5):1049-1053.
[17]Widdicombe W D,Thelen K D. Row width and plant density effectson corn grain production in the Northern Corn Belt. AgronomyJournal,2002,94(5):1020-1023.
[18]刘铁东,宋凤斌.灌浆期玉米冠层微环境对宽窄行种植模式的反应.干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):37-40.
[19]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区不同种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特性的影响.作物学报,2014,40(1):181-189.
[20]姚亮亮,王平,顾鑫,等.三空栽培技术对玉米籽粒含水量的影响.黑龙江农业科学,2017(5):34-36.
[21]付健,杨克军,王玉凤,等.种植方式和密度对寒地高产玉米品种产量及光合物质生产特性的影响.玉米科学,2014,22(6):84-90.
[22]王云奇,张英华,宋文品,等.一穴多株种植对夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量的影响.玉米科学,2015,23(5):117-123.
[23]杨利华,马瑞昆.植株田间分布均匀度的定义与计算.玉米科学,2006,14(S1):92-94.
[24]马青枝,赵利梅,赵继文,等.地膜覆盖对春玉米籽粒建成和品质形成影响的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000(S1):21-25.
[25]Ziyomo C,Albrecht K A,Baker J M,et al. Corn performanceunder managed drought stress and in a kura clover living mulchintercropping system. Agronomy Journal,2013,105(3):579-586.
[26]焦念元,宁堂原,杨萌珂,等.玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4324-4330.
[27]高莹,吴普特,赵西宁,等.春小麦/春玉米间作模式光温环境特征研究.水土保持研究,2015,22(3):163-169.
[28]曾红,王小春,陈国鹏,等.喷施烯效唑对玉米-大豆套作群体株型及产量的影响.核农学报,2016,30(7):1420-1426.
[29]余利,刘正,王波,等.行距和行向对不同密度玉米群体田间小气候和产量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(8):938-942.
[30]Dumenil L,Shaw R H. You can hasten corn maturity. Iowa FarmScience,1952,6:162-164.
[31]Peaslee D E. Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutritionon yield,rates of kernel growth,and grain filling periods of twohybrids. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1977,8(5):373-389.
[32]Zhang J,Blackmer A M,Kyveryga P M,et al. Fertilizer-inducedadvances in corn growth stage and quantitative definitions of nitrogendeficiencies. Pedosphere,2008,18(1):60-68.
[33]Olson R A,Sander D H. Corn production//Olson R A,Sander DH,Sprague G H,et al. Corn and Corn Improvement-AgronomyMonograph(3rd edition). Madison:ASA-CSSA-SSSA,1988:639-686.
[34]Amanullah,Khattak R A,Khalil S K. Plant density and nitrogeneffects on maize phenology and grain yield. Journal of PlantNutrition,2009,32(2):246-260.
[35]Troyer A F,Ambrose W B. Plant characteristics affecting field dryingrate of ear corn. Crop Science,1971,11(4):529-531.
[36]CerdáA,Pardines J,Botella M A,et al. Effect of potassium ongrowth,water relations,and the inorganic and organic solute contentsfor two maize cultivars grown under saline conditions. Journal ofPlant Nutrition,1995,18(4):839-851.
[37]李文娟,何萍,金继运.钾素营养对玉米生育后期干物质和养分积累与转运的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):799-807.
[38]李艳杰,史纪明,鞠成梅.降低寒地玉米子粒水分的高产技术研究.玉米科学,1999,7(2):62-65.
[39]Amanullah,Irfanullah A,Hidayat Z. Potassium management forimproving growth and grain yield of maize(Zea mays L.)undermoisture stress condition. Scientific Reports,2016,6:34627.
[40]Brooking I R. Maize ear moisture during grain-filling,and its relationto physiological maturity and grain-drying. Field Crops Research,1990,23(1):55-68.
[41]孟兆江,刘安能,庞鸿宾,等.夏玉米调亏灌溉的生理机制与指标研究.农业工程学报,1998(4):94-98.
[42]赵建华,樊廷录,王淑英,等.制种玉米种子乳线发育的水氮效应.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):938-945.
[43]Kang S Z,Shi W J,Zhang J H. An improved water-use efficiencyfor maize grown under regulated deficit irrigation. Field CropsResearch,2000,67(3):207-214.
[44]Sara A,Alejandra N,Sebastian B,et al. Regulated deficit irrigationin potted Dianthus plants:Effects of severe and moderate waterstress on growth and physiological responses. Scientia Horticulturae,2009,122(4):579-585.
[45]寇丹,苏德荣,吴迪,等.地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响.农业工程学报,2014,30(2):116-123.
[46]Igbadun H E,Salim B A,Tarimo A K P R,et al. Effects of deficitirrigation scheduling on yields and soil water balance of irrigatedmaize. Irrigation Science,2008,27(1):11-23.
[47]张振华,蔡焕杰.水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量的影响.灌溉排水,2001,20(2):13-16.
[48]张芮,成自勇,李有先.水分亏缺对膜下滴灌制种玉米生长及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):125-128.
[49]魏永霞,马瑛瑛,刘慧,等.调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应.农业机械学报,2018,49(3):252-260.
[50]徐云姬,钱希旸,李银银,等.根系分区交替灌溉对玉米籽粒灌浆及相关生理特性的影响.作物学报,2016,42(2):230-242.
[51]Dusky J A,Kang M S,Glaz B,et al. Response of eight sugarcanecultivars to glyphosine and glyphosate ripeners. Journal of PlantGrowth Regulation,1985,4(1/2/3/4):225-235.
[52]董朋飞,王群,苌建峰,等.作物化学催熟技术现状与玉米化学催熟展望.中国农机化学报,2018,39(1):88-93.
[53]黄旭照.杀草快(Diguat)和百草枯(Paraquat)作为干燥剂在玉米上的应用.黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1981(1):55-57.
[54]Zhang L,Liang X G,Shen S,et al. Increasing the abscisic acid levelin maize grains induces precocious maturation by accelerating grainfilling and dehydration. Plant Growth Regulation,2018,86(1):65-79.
[55]Kasele I N,Nyirenda F,Shanahan J F,et al. Ethephon alters corngrowth,water use,and grain yield under drought stress. AgronomyJournal,1994,86(2):283-288.
[56]刘晓双,顾万荣,张立国,等.噻苯隆-乙烯利复配剂对玉米子粒脱水效果及产量品质的影响.西南农业学报,2018,31(5):934-940.
[57]Ren B Z,Zhu Y L,Zhang J W,et al. Effects of spraying exogenoushormone 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)after waterlogging on grain yieldand growth of summer maize. Field Crops Research,2016,188:96-104.
[58]韩玉军,陶波,刘金宇,等. DA型玉米脱水剂的脱水效果及其对玉米营养品质的影响.玉米科学,2012,20(2):95-98.
[59]徐田军,董志强,高娇,等.聚糠萘水剂对黑龙江省不同积温带玉米籽粒灌浆的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(2):451-458.
[60]王小春,杨文钰,陈刚,等.喷施烯效唑对玉米叶片衰老特性和产量的影响.玉米科学,2009,17(1):86-88.
[61]薛吉全,马国胜,路海东,等.密度对不同类型玉米源库关系及产量的调控.西北植物学报,2001(6):114-120.
[62]Lizaso J I,Fonseca A E,Westgate ME. Simulating source-limitedand sink-limited kernel set with CERES-Maize. Crop Science,2007,47(5):2078-2088.
[63]Bonelli L E,Monzon J P,Cerrudo A,et al. Maize grain yieldcomponents and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay insowing date. Field Crops Research,2016,198:215-225.
[64] Sala R G,Andrade F H,Westgate M E,et al. Maize kernel moistureat physiological maturity as affected by the source-sink relationshipduring grain filling. Crop Science,2007,47(2):711-716.
[65]Tanaka W,Maddonni G A. Pollen source and post-flowering source/sink ratio effects on maize kernel weight and oil concentration. CropScience,2008,48(2):666-677.
[66]陆卫平,卢家栋,童长兴,等.玉米灌浆结实期产量源库关系的研究.江苏农学院学报,1996,17(4):23-26.
[67]Cornelius P L,Russell W A,Woolley D G. Effect of topping onmoisture loss,dry matter accumulation,and yield of corn grain.Agronomy Journal,1961,53(5):285-289.
[68]Hicks D R,Geadelmann G L,Peterson R H. Drying rates of frostedmaturing maize. Agronomy Journal,1976,68(3):452-455.
[69]Liu T N,Huang R D,Cai T,et al. Optimum leaf removal increasesnitrogen accumulation in kernels of maize grown at high density.Scientific Reports,2017,7:39601.
[70]Kang M S,Zuber M S,Colbert T R,et al. Effect of certain agronomictraits on and relationship between rates of grain moisture reductionand grain fill during filling period in maize. Field Crops Research,1986,14(4):339-347.
[71]闫淑琴,苏俊,李春霞,等.玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水速率的相关与通径分析.黑龙江农业科学,2007(4):1-4.
[72]张林,张宝石,王霞,等.玉米收获期籽粒含水量与主要农艺性状相关分析.东北农业大学学报,2009,40(10):9-12.
[73]秦营营,董树亭,魏珊珊,等.去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2015,48(11):2118-2126.
[74]李璐璐,谢瑞芝,王克如,等.去苞叶对玉米子粒脱水过程的影响.作物杂志,2018(2):114-117.
[75]孟庆平,张玉权,常淑娟,等.玉米最佳收获期的主要相关性状研究初探.玉米科学,2007,15(增刊):117-118.
[76]Carter M W,Poneleit C G. Black layer maturity and filling periodamong inbred lines of corn(Zea mays L.). Crop Science,1973,13(4):436-439.
[77]Ma B L,Dwyer L M. Maize kernel moisture,carbon and nitrogenconcentrations from silking to physiological maturity. CanadianJournal of Plant Science,2001,81(2):225-232.
[78]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系.中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.
[79]李璐璐,薛军,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米籽粒含水率对机械粒收质量的影响.作物学报,2018,44(12):1747-1754.
[80]Daynard T B,Duncan W G. The black layer and grain maturity incorn. Crop Science,1969,9(4):473-476.
[81]Knittle K H,Burris J S. Effect of kernel maturation on subsequentseedling vigor in maize. Crop Science,1976,16(6):851-855.
[82]Nielsen R L,Brown G,Wuethrich K,et al. Kernel dry weight lossduring post-maturity dry down intervals in corn.(1996-12-02)[2018-07-20]http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/research/rpt94-01.htm.
[83]Finck C. Field dry down robs yield. Farm Journal,1995,119(11):14-15.
[84]李璐璐,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米生理成熟后田间脱水期间的籽粒重量与含水率变化.中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2052-2060.
[85]University of Wisconsin.Grain Harvesting.(2006-02-01)[2018-07-20] http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/L032.aspx.
[86]Piggott S D. Simulation of corn in field drydown. East Lansing:Dissertations and Theses-Gradworks of Michigan State University,2010.
[87]李少昆,王克如,王延波,等.辽宁中部地区玉米机械粒收质量及其限制因素研究.作物杂志,2018(3):162-167.
[88]Mahoney K J,Klapwyk J H,Stewart G A,et al. Agronomicmanagement strategies to reduce the yield loss associated with springharvested corn in Ontario. American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(2):372-384.