图腾信仰崇拜与文化认同:鄂伦春族传统体育文化考略
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摘要
图腾文化是鄂伦春族人早期认识自然的思维方式。原始古朴的自然图腾、动物图腾和神图腾信仰崇拜为多样性民族传统体育文化的形成创设了条件,并表现在现实生活、传统游戏、民族间文化、节庆习俗、宗教祭祀等活动中。通过解析鄂伦春族图腾信仰文化、鄂伦春族传统体育文化图腾信仰崇拜与文化认同,在鄂伦春族传统体育文化传承危机的基础上,提出了鄂伦春族传统体育文化传承路径。研究认为:鄂伦春族图腾信仰文化分为自然图腾、动物图腾和神图腾3类,弓箭文化、舞蹈文化、游戏文化共同构建了鄂伦春族民族传统体育文化所特有的内容谱系,图腾信仰崇拜意识的淡化、文化空间场域环境的变迁、民族传统体育文化认同的缺位、生活环境及生存状态的变化制约引发鄂伦春族传统体育文化的传承危机。
Totem culture is the way for the Oroqens to understand nature in the early stages,and the primitive and unsophisticated worship of Nature Totem,Animal Totem and God Totem has served as a condition for the formation of diverse traditional ethnic sports culture,which is manifested in real life,traditional games,inter- ethnic culture,holidays and customs,religion and sacrifice,etc.. By analyzing the Oroqen totem worship culture,totem worship and cultural identification in Oroqen traditional sports culture and elaborating the inheritance crisis,the authors put forward the methods for the inheritance of the Oroqen traditional sports culture. According to this study,the Oroqen totem worship can be divided into three kinds: Nature Totem,Animal Totem and God Totem; ArrowCulture,Dance Culture and Game Culture form the specific system in the Oroqen traditional sports culture; weakening of totem worship awareness,change of the cultural space and environment,absence of traditional sports culture identification,change and constraints of living environment and condition are combined together in triggering the inheritance crisis of the Oroqen traditional sports culture.
Totem culture is the way for the Oroqens to understand nature in the early stages,and the primitive and unsophisticated worship of Nature Totem,Animal Totem and God Totem has served as a condition for the formation of diverse traditional ethnic sports culture,which is manifested in real life,traditional games,inter- ethnic culture,holidays and customs,religion and sacrifice,etc.. By analyzing the Oroqen totem worship culture,totem worship and cultural identification in Oroqen traditional sports culture and elaborating the inheritance crisis,the authors put forward the methods for the inheritance of the Oroqen traditional sports culture. According to this study,the Oroqen totem worship can be divided into three kinds: Nature Totem,Animal Totem and God Totem; ArrowCulture,Dance Culture and Game Culture form the specific system in the Oroqen traditional sports culture; weakening of totem worship awareness,change of the cultural space and environment,absence of traditional sports culture identification,change and constraints of living environment and condition are combined together in triggering the inheritance crisis of the Oroqen traditional sports culture.
引文
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[3]何胜保.体育人类学视阈下江永女书文字中歌舞鸟图腾文化解析[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2014,28(6):46-50.
[4]白洁.试析民族传统游戏对当代儿童的教育价值——以鄂伦春族为例[J].黑龙江民族丛刊(双月刊),2007,21(2):155-160.
[5]翟世铭.探究鄂伦春族图腾文化在设计领域的应用[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011:8-9.
[6]王雪娇.鄂伦春族斗熊舞的传承价值研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2012:31-32.
[7]于超.黑龙江地区鄂伦春族舞蹈文化的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2012:8-9.
[8]白洁.鄂伦春族传统游戏的教育人类学研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2007:35-36.
[9]王英维.浅谈古代鄂伦春族的社会组织形式和管理方式[J].黑龙江民族丛刊,2014,16(1):124-128.
[10]王江鹤.鄂伦春族舞蹈的特色及其功能的变迁[J].中国民族教育,2014,26(9):41-44.