拜占庭文学中的仿古意识
摘要
拜占庭文学常因缺乏独创性而饱受诟病,"仿古"是他们潜移默化之下的选择。"仿古"特指对"希腊古典"的模仿,它在内容上表现为对古典文化遗产的大量引用,形式上表现为对古希腊雅典地区阿提卡风格的热衷,即严整的修辞、华美的语言和典雅的韵律。造成这种现象的原因是古典语言学和修辞学的训练早已深深地根植于这一时期文人的思想观念中。它已经成为稳定且持续的传统,滋养着古典学术系统的生根发芽。拜占庭的基础教育具有延续性,一以贯之地教育方式使得拜占庭人很好地继承发展了希腊文化,这让他们在身份认同混乱时找到了强有力的支撑,由此形成与拉丁西方泾渭分明的文化属性。
Byzantine literature is often criticized by later commentators for its lack of originality.This"antiquity"refers specifically to the enthusiasm for imitating"Greek Antiquity".This kind of antique consciousness is manifested in the content which handling of classical cultural heritage.Formally expressed as a preference for the Attica style of Athens in ancient Greece,namely rhetorical rhetoric,gorgeous language and elegant rhythm.the reason for this phenomenon is that the education and training of classical languages and rhetoric have long been deeply rooted in the concept of people's ideas,it has become a stable and continuous tradition,and nourished the rooting of the classical academic system.Byzantine basic education is basically a continuity education."Greek Antiquity"is the most important key word for higher education.The consistent cultivation from the time of the child allowed them to continue the Hellenism so that they could find the strongest foundation when they have confusion of identity and make a clear distinction with the Latin West
Byzantine literature is often criticized by later commentators for its lack of originality.This"antiquity"refers specifically to the enthusiasm for imitating"Greek Antiquity".This kind of antique consciousness is manifested in the content which handling of classical cultural heritage.Formally expressed as a preference for the Attica style of Athens in ancient Greece,namely rhetorical rhetoric,gorgeous language and elegant rhythm.the reason for this phenomenon is that the education and training of classical languages and rhetoric have long been deeply rooted in the concept of people's ideas,it has become a stable and continuous tradition,and nourished the rooting of the classical academic system.Byzantine basic education is basically a continuity education."Greek Antiquity"is the most important key word for higher education.The consistent cultivation from the time of the child allowed them to continue the Hellenism so that they could find the strongest foundation when they have confusion of identity and make a clear distinction with the Latin West
引文
(1)Robert Browning,Medieval and Modern Greek, London:Hutchinson University Library,1969,p.9.
(1)H erger Herbert,"On the Imitation of Antiquity in Byzantine Literature,"Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.2 3-24,No.2,(Jan.1969),pp.15-38.
(2)Steven Runciman,Byzantine Civilization, Cleveland:The World Publishing Company,1956,p.101.
(3)Robert Browning,Medieval and Modern Greek,London:Hutchinson University Library,1969,p.41.
(4)J.M.Hussey,eds.,The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.4,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1978,p.205.
(5)Cyril Mango,Byzantium:The Empire o f New Rome, New York:Charles Scribner s Sons,1980,p.125.
(6)Cyril Mango,Byzantium:The Empire of New Rome, p.125.
(7)Psellus Michael,Fourteen Byzantine rulers:the Chronographia,Harmondsworth:Penguin Books,1966,p.55.
(8)Norman H.Baynes&H.St.L.B.Moss,Byzantium an introduction to East Roman Civilization,London:Oxford University Press,1969,p.124.
(9)Steven Runciman,Byzantine Civilization,Cleveland:The World Publishing Company,1956,p.179.
(1)Norman H.Baynes&H.St.L.B.Moss,Byzantium an introduction to East Roman Civilization,p.204.
(2)Herger Herbert,"On the Imitation of Antiquity in Byzantine Literature,"pp.15-38.
(3)Miller David,Stromata,Providence,Burning Deck,1995,pp.71 7-720.
(4)Karl Krumbacher,The History of Byzantine Literature:from Justinian to the End of the Eastern Roman Empire trans.by David Jenkins&David Bachrach,Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame,2001,p.337.
(5)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi,Ettal:Buch-Kunstverlag,1959,pp.56-70.
(6)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi,pp.84-92.
(7)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi, pp.84-92.
(8)R.Keydell,"Sprachliche Bemerkungen zu den Historien des Agathias,"Byzantinische Zeitschrift, Vol.23,No.1(Jan.1967),p.151.
(1)Gregory Nagy,eds.,Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature, New York,London:Harvard University,2001,p.89.
(2)R.Foerster,eds.,Libanius.Opera.Vol.Ⅺ, Eastphalian:Hildesheim,1963,p.44.
(3)R.Foerster,eds.,Libanius.Opera.Vol.Ⅺ, p.524.
(4)Hercher Rudolf,eds.,Epistolographi Graeci,Paris:A.F.-Didot,1873,p.699.
(5)Wilcken Ulrich,Chre.stomathie der Papyruskunde, Leipzig&Berlin:B.G. Teubner,1912,p.481.
(6)Gregory Nagy,eds., Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature,New York&London:Harvard University,2001,p.92.
(7)Gregory Nagy,eds.,Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature,p.93.
(8)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Oxford Book of Greek Verse,London:Oxford University Press,1939,p.583.
(9)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Orford Book of Greek Verse,p.584.
(10)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Orford Book of Greek Verse,p.582
(1)Dickey, Eleanor,"Classical scholarship:The Byzantine contribution."in Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium, eds.by Anthony Kaldellis&Niketas Siniossoglou,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp.63-78.
(2)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,London:Duckworth,1983,pp.69-74.
(3)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.89-119.
(4)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.120-135.
(1)Adler Adar,eds.,Suidae Lexicon, Berlin:Teubner,1931,p.178.
(2)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.148-179.
(1)H erger Herbert,"On the Imitation of Antiquity in Byzantine Literature,"Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol.2 3-24,No.2,(Jan.1969),pp.15-38.
(2)Steven Runciman,Byzantine Civilization, Cleveland:The World Publishing Company,1956,p.101.
(3)Robert Browning,Medieval and Modern Greek,London:Hutchinson University Library,1969,p.41.
(4)J.M.Hussey,eds.,The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.4,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1978,p.205.
(5)Cyril Mango,Byzantium:The Empire o f New Rome, New York:Charles Scribner s Sons,1980,p.125.
(6)Cyril Mango,Byzantium:The Empire of New Rome, p.125.
(7)Psellus Michael,Fourteen Byzantine rulers:the Chronographia,Harmondsworth:Penguin Books,1966,p.55.
(8)Norman H.Baynes&H.St.L.B.Moss,Byzantium an introduction to East Roman Civilization,London:Oxford University Press,1969,p.124.
(9)Steven Runciman,Byzantine Civilization,Cleveland:The World Publishing Company,1956,p.179.
(1)Norman H.Baynes&H.St.L.B.Moss,Byzantium an introduction to East Roman Civilization,p.204.
(2)Herger Herbert,"On the Imitation of Antiquity in Byzantine Literature,"pp.15-38.
(3)Miller David,Stromata,Providence,Burning Deck,1995,pp.71 7-720.
(4)Karl Krumbacher,The History of Byzantine Literature:from Justinian to the End of the Eastern Roman Empire trans.by David Jenkins&David Bachrach,Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame,2001,p.337.
(5)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi,Ettal:Buch-Kunstverlag,1959,pp.56-70.
(6)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi,pp.84-92.
(7)Georgio di Pisidia&Agostino Pertusi,Giorgio di Pisidia poemi, pp.84-92.
(8)R.Keydell,"Sprachliche Bemerkungen zu den Historien des Agathias,"Byzantinische Zeitschrift, Vol.23,No.1(Jan.1967),p.151.
(1)Gregory Nagy,eds.,Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature, New York,London:Harvard University,2001,p.89.
(2)R.Foerster,eds.,Libanius.Opera.Vol.Ⅺ, Eastphalian:Hildesheim,1963,p.44.
(3)R.Foerster,eds.,Libanius.Opera.Vol.Ⅺ, p.524.
(4)Hercher Rudolf,eds.,Epistolographi Graeci,Paris:A.F.-Didot,1873,p.699.
(5)Wilcken Ulrich,Chre.stomathie der Papyruskunde, Leipzig&Berlin:B.G. Teubner,1912,p.481.
(6)Gregory Nagy,eds., Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature,New York&London:Harvard University,2001,p.92.
(7)Gregory Nagy,eds.,Greek literature in the Byzantine Period:Greek Literature,p.93.
(8)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Oxford Book of Greek Verse,London:Oxford University Press,1939,p.583.
(9)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Orford Book of Greek Verse,p.584.
(10)Gilbert Murray&Cyril Bailey,eds.,The Orford Book of Greek Verse,p.582
(1)Dickey, Eleanor,"Classical scholarship:The Byzantine contribution."in Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium, eds.by Anthony Kaldellis&Niketas Siniossoglou,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp.63-78.
(2)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,London:Duckworth,1983,pp.69-74.
(3)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.89-119.
(4)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.120-135.
(1)Adler Adar,eds.,Suidae Lexicon, Berlin:Teubner,1931,p.178.
(2)N.G.Wilson,Scholar of Byzantium,pp.148-179.