湖北省第3次重点人群寄生虫病现状调查
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摘要
目的了解湖北省人体重点寄生虫病流行现状及影响因素。方法按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》的要求,调查采用分层正群抽样方法,在2014—2015年选取15个县36个点农村人群开展土源性线虫病、带绦虫病、和肠道原虫调查,每个点调查250人,共调查9 718人;选取8个县10个点城镇人群开展华支睾吸虫病调查,每个点调查250人,共调查2 770人。采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法)检查肠道蠕虫卵、带绦虫卵、华支睾吸虫卵,生理盐水和碘液直接涂片法查肠道原虫滋养体和包囊,对3～6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果湖北省农村人群肠道寄生虫总感染率为1.57%,共检出肠道寄生虫8种,分别为肠道线虫4种,吸虫1种,绦虫1种,肠道原虫2种,蛲虫的感染率最高(2.55%);全省4个生态区中湘赣丘陵山地生态区肠道寄生虫感染率最高3.06%;不同年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),60～69岁年龄组感染率最高(2.25%),且以钩虫为主。不同性别人群肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),女性高于男性。本次调查共涉及到14个职业,仅4个职业人群发现有土源性线虫感染,不同职业间肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中农民的感染率最高为1.59%。结论湖北省第3次的寄生虫病调查结果显示湖北省农村人群肠道寄生虫病感染率及肠道原虫感染率与湖北省第2次寄生虫病调查结果相比呈明显下降趋势。但农村老年人、女性、学生和学龄前儿童感染率仍然相对较高,需加强这类人群的寄生虫防治健康教育。儿童的蛲虫感染应成为今后寄生虫病防治重点。防治重点地区为农村,重点人群是小学生、学龄前儿童和文化程度低以及年龄大的农民。
Objective To observe the prevalence and influencing factors of human parasitic diseases in Hubei Province.Methods According to the requirements of "Detailed Rules for the Investigation and Implementation of the Present Situationof Key Human Parasitic Diseases in China", a survey of soil-borne nematodes, taeniasis and intestinal protozoa was conductedamong 36 rural populations in 15 counties from 2014 to 2015 by stratified cluster sampling method, 250 people were surveyedin each point, a total of 9 718 people were surveyed; 10 urban populations in 8 counties were selected to carry out clonorchiasisinvestigation. A total of 250 people were surveyed at each point, and 2 770 people were surveyed. The improved Kato-Katzmethod was used to examine intestinal worm eggs, tapeworm eggs and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. The trophozoites and cysts ofintestinal protozoa were examined by direct smear with saline and iodine solution. The eggs of Enterobius sinensis wereexamined by anal swabbing with transparent adhesive paper in children aged 3-6 years. Results The total infection rate ofintestinal parasites was 1.57%. Eight kinds of intestinal parasites were detected, including 4 intestinal nematodes, 1 trematode,1 tapeworm and 2 intestinal protozoa. The highest infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 2.55%. The infection ofintestinal parasites in hilly and mountainous ecological zones in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was the highest, the rate was3.06%. There was significant difference in infection rate among different age groups(P< 0.01). The infection rate of 60-69 years age group was the highest(2.25%), and hookworm was dominant. The infection rate of intestinal parasites in females wassignificantly higher than that in males( P< 0.01). The survey involved 14 occupations. Only 4 occupational groups were foundto have soil-borne nematode infection. There was significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites amongdifferent occupations(P< 0.01), and the highest infection rate among farmers was 1.59%. Conclusion According to theresults of three surveys of parasitic diseases in Hubei Province, the infection rate of intestinal parasitic diseases and intestinalprotozoa in rural population of Hubei Province showed a significant downward trend. However, the infection rate of the elderly,women, students and preschool children in rural areas is still relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health education on parasite prevention and control among these groups. The infection of children's worms should become the focus of parasiticdisease control in the future. The key areas for prevention and control are rural areas, and the key groups are primary schoolstudents, preschool children and farmers with low educational level and old age.
Objective To observe the prevalence and influencing factors of human parasitic diseases in Hubei Province.Methods According to the requirements of "Detailed Rules for the Investigation and Implementation of the Present Situationof Key Human Parasitic Diseases in China", a survey of soil-borne nematodes, taeniasis and intestinal protozoa was conductedamong 36 rural populations in 15 counties from 2014 to 2015 by stratified cluster sampling method, 250 people were surveyedin each point, a total of 9 718 people were surveyed; 10 urban populations in 8 counties were selected to carry out clonorchiasisinvestigation. A total of 250 people were surveyed at each point, and 2 770 people were surveyed. The improved Kato-Katzmethod was used to examine intestinal worm eggs, tapeworm eggs and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. The trophozoites and cysts ofintestinal protozoa were examined by direct smear with saline and iodine solution. The eggs of Enterobius sinensis wereexamined by anal swabbing with transparent adhesive paper in children aged 3-6 years. Results The total infection rate ofintestinal parasites was 1.57%. Eight kinds of intestinal parasites were detected, including 4 intestinal nematodes, 1 trematode,1 tapeworm and 2 intestinal protozoa. The highest infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 2.55%. The infection ofintestinal parasites in hilly and mountainous ecological zones in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was the highest, the rate was3.06%. There was significant difference in infection rate among different age groups(P< 0.01). The infection rate of 60-69 years age group was the highest(2.25%), and hookworm was dominant. The infection rate of intestinal parasites in females wassignificantly higher than that in males( P< 0.01). The survey involved 14 occupations. Only 4 occupational groups were foundto have soil-borne nematode infection. There was significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites amongdifferent occupations(P< 0.01), and the highest infection rate among farmers was 1.59%. Conclusion According to theresults of three surveys of parasitic diseases in Hubei Province, the infection rate of intestinal parasitic diseases and intestinalprotozoa in rural population of Hubei Province showed a significant downward trend. However, the infection rate of the elderly,women, students and preschool children in rural areas is still relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health education on parasite prevention and control among these groups. The infection of children's worms should become the focus of parasiticdisease control in the future. The key areas for prevention and control are rural areas, and the key groups are primary schoolstudents, preschool children and farmers with low educational level and old age.
引文
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[7]金伟,郭见多,刘道华,等.安徽省人体重点寄生虫病现状调查报告[J].热带病与寄生虫学, 2017, 15(1):14-18,6.
[8]许汴利,张红卫,邓艳,等.河南省人体重点寄生虫病分层抽样调查结果及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(3):322-328.
[9]傅伯杰,刘国华,陈利顶,等.中国生态区划方案[J].生态学报,2001, 21(1):1-6.
[10]何卓,唐阳,李正祥,等. 2015年湖南省人体重点寄生虫病流行现状调查[J].实用预防医学, 2017, 24(3):291-296.
[11]周晓农.我国寄生虫病防治形势与今后防治科研重点[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):473-475.
[2]许隆祺,陈颖丹,孙凤华,等,全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查报告[J].寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2005,24(S1):332-340.
[3]卫生部.关于印发《2006-2015年全国重点寄生虫病防治规划》的通知[R].中华人民共和国卫生部公报, 2006, 4:41-44.
[4]杨勤业,李双成.中国生态地域划分的若干问题[J].生态学报,1999, 19(5):8-13.
[5]曾小军,李召军,姜唯声,等. 2014年江西省人体重点寄生虫感染现状[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2015, 27(6):595-599.
[6]陈建设,黄光全,张华勋,等.湖北省土源性线虫感染情况抽样调查结果分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学, 2009, 20(3):16-19.
[7]金伟,郭见多,刘道华,等.安徽省人体重点寄生虫病现状调查报告[J].热带病与寄生虫学, 2017, 15(1):14-18,6.
[8]许汴利,张红卫,邓艳,等.河南省人体重点寄生虫病分层抽样调查结果及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(3):322-328.
[9]傅伯杰,刘国华,陈利顶,等.中国生态区划方案[J].生态学报,2001, 21(1):1-6.
[10]何卓,唐阳,李正祥,等. 2015年湖南省人体重点寄生虫病流行现状调查[J].实用预防医学, 2017, 24(3):291-296.
[11]周晓农.我国寄生虫病防治形势与今后防治科研重点[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):473-475.