对景观生态学发展趋势与瓶颈问题的再认识
|
摘要
景观生态学是自然地理学的分支学科,该学科以综合性、区域性、交叉性为特点。中国景观生态学经过近40年的发展,逐渐走上国际舞台。早期的景观生态学研究偏重景观格局表象分析,之后逐渐转向机理性研究,景观格局和经过过程的耦合成为研究的热点。景观格局与过程耦合的研究方法主要分为实验观测法和模型模拟法。在不同尺度下进行实验观测,建立新的景观格局指数,开发新的景观过程模型成为研究的焦点和难点。近年来在全球环境变化的背景下,景观生态学研究形成了全球气候变化、生态系统多功能服务价值权衡等新的前沿领域,文章认为生态系统多功能服务价值权衡研究对我国可持续发展和生态文明建设具有重要意义。
Landscape ecology is a branch of natural geography which is characterized by integration,regionalism and interaction.After nearly 40 years of development,China’s landscape ecology has gradually stepped onto the international stage.The early landscape ecology focuses on landscape pattern analysis,and then gradually shifts to the machine rationality research.Landscape pattern and process coupling become hot topics.The research methods of landscape pattern and process coupling are mainly divided into the experimental observation method and the model simulation method.Experimental observation at different scales,establishment of new landscape pattern indexes and development of new landscape process models become the focus and difficulty of research.On the background of global environmental change in the recent years,landscape ecology forms the new frontiers of a global climate change and ecosystem service value of multi function balance.This paper refers that the trade-offs of ecosystem service is of great significance to China’s sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.
Landscape ecology is a branch of natural geography which is characterized by integration,regionalism and interaction.After nearly 40 years of development,China’s landscape ecology has gradually stepped onto the international stage.The early landscape ecology focuses on landscape pattern analysis,and then gradually shifts to the machine rationality research.Landscape pattern and process coupling become hot topics.The research methods of landscape pattern and process coupling are mainly divided into the experimental observation method and the model simulation method.Experimental observation at different scales,establishment of new landscape pattern indexes and development of new landscape process models become the focus and difficulty of research.On the background of global environmental change in the recent years,landscape ecology forms the new frontiers of a global climate change and ecosystem service value of multi function balance.This paper refers that the trade-offs of ecosystem service is of great significance to China’s sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.
引文
[1]肖笃宁.论现代景观科学的形成与发展[J].地理科学,1999(4):379-384.
[2]傅伯杰,吕一河,陈利顶,等.国际景观生态学研究新进展[J].生态学报,2008(2):798-804.
[3]吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦合途径分析[J].地理科学进展,2007(3):1-10.
[4]姚雪玲,傅伯杰,吕一河.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度土壤水分空间变异及影响因子[J].生态学报,2012(16):4961-4968.
[5]SHEN Q,GAO G,FU B,et al. Soil water content variations and hydrological relations of the croplandtreebelt-desert land use pattern in an oasis-desert ecotone of the Heihe River Basin, China[J]. Catena,2014(1):52-61.
[6]SUN F,LU Y,FU B,et al. Spatial explicit soil moisture analysis:pattern and its stability at small catchment scale in the loess hilly region of China[J].Hydrological Processes,2014(13):4091-4109.
[7]LU N,LISKI J,CHANG R Y,et al. Soil organic carbon dynamics of black locust plantations in the middle Loess Plateau area of China[J]. Biogeosciences,2013(11):7053-7063.
[8]胡和兵,刘红玉,郝敬锋,等.南京市九乡河流域景观格局空间分异对河流水质的影响[J].环境科学,2012(3):794-801.
[9]张华兵,刘红玉,李玉凤,等.自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系[J].自然资源学报,2013(1):63-72.
[10]侯明行,刘红玉,张华兵,等.地形因子对盐城滨海湿地景观分布与演变的影响[J].生态学报,2013(12):3765-3773.
[11]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006(5):1444-1449.
[12]赵文武,傅伯杰,郭旭东.多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数的技术与方法[J].地理科学进展,2008(2):47-52.
[13]LIU Y,BOJIE F U,YIHE L,et al. Linking vegetation cover patterns to hydrological responses using two process-based pattern indices at the plot scale[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2013(11):1888-1898.
[14]刘红玉,李兆富.海滨湿地景观过程模型研究的理论基础与概念框架[J].生态学杂志,2013(10):2815-2822.
[15]LIU Y,FU B. Assessing sedimentological connectivity using WATEM/SEDEM model in a hilly and gully watershed of the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016(66):259-268.
[16]JACHYMOVA B,KRASA J. A new method for modeling dissolved phosphorus transport with the use of WATEM/SEDEM[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2017(8):365-378.
[17]张华兵,刘红玉,侯明行,等.海滨湿地景观过程模型与模拟研究——以江苏盐城保护区核心区为例[J].自然资源学报,2014(7):1105-1115.
[18]MGE M,JOHANSEN K,MARON M,et al.Identification of fine scale and landscape scale drivers of urban aboveground carbon stocks using high-resolution modeling and mapping[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018(622/623):57-70.
[19]FENG Q,ZHAO W,FU B,et al. Ecosystem service trade-offs and their influencing factors:A case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017(607/608):1250-1263.
[20]SUN X,LI F. Spatiotemporal assessment and tradeoffs of multiple ecosystem services based on land use changes in Zengcheng,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017(609):1569-1581.
[2]傅伯杰,吕一河,陈利顶,等.国际景观生态学研究新进展[J].生态学报,2008(2):798-804.
[3]吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦合途径分析[J].地理科学进展,2007(3):1-10.
[4]姚雪玲,傅伯杰,吕一河.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度土壤水分空间变异及影响因子[J].生态学报,2012(16):4961-4968.
[5]SHEN Q,GAO G,FU B,et al. Soil water content variations and hydrological relations of the croplandtreebelt-desert land use pattern in an oasis-desert ecotone of the Heihe River Basin, China[J]. Catena,2014(1):52-61.
[6]SUN F,LU Y,FU B,et al. Spatial explicit soil moisture analysis:pattern and its stability at small catchment scale in the loess hilly region of China[J].Hydrological Processes,2014(13):4091-4109.
[7]LU N,LISKI J,CHANG R Y,et al. Soil organic carbon dynamics of black locust plantations in the middle Loess Plateau area of China[J]. Biogeosciences,2013(11):7053-7063.
[8]胡和兵,刘红玉,郝敬锋,等.南京市九乡河流域景观格局空间分异对河流水质的影响[J].环境科学,2012(3):794-801.
[9]张华兵,刘红玉,李玉凤,等.自然条件下海滨湿地土壤生态过程与景观演变的耦合关系[J].自然资源学报,2013(1):63-72.
[10]侯明行,刘红玉,张华兵,等.地形因子对盐城滨海湿地景观分布与演变的影响[J].生态学报,2013(12):3765-3773.
[11]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006(5):1444-1449.
[12]赵文武,傅伯杰,郭旭东.多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数的技术与方法[J].地理科学进展,2008(2):47-52.
[13]LIU Y,BOJIE F U,YIHE L,et al. Linking vegetation cover patterns to hydrological responses using two process-based pattern indices at the plot scale[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2013(11):1888-1898.
[14]刘红玉,李兆富.海滨湿地景观过程模型研究的理论基础与概念框架[J].生态学杂志,2013(10):2815-2822.
[15]LIU Y,FU B. Assessing sedimentological connectivity using WATEM/SEDEM model in a hilly and gully watershed of the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016(66):259-268.
[16]JACHYMOVA B,KRASA J. A new method for modeling dissolved phosphorus transport with the use of WATEM/SEDEM[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2017(8):365-378.
[17]张华兵,刘红玉,侯明行,等.海滨湿地景观过程模型与模拟研究——以江苏盐城保护区核心区为例[J].自然资源学报,2014(7):1105-1115.
[18]MGE M,JOHANSEN K,MARON M,et al.Identification of fine scale and landscape scale drivers of urban aboveground carbon stocks using high-resolution modeling and mapping[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018(622/623):57-70.
[19]FENG Q,ZHAO W,FU B,et al. Ecosystem service trade-offs and their influencing factors:A case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017(607/608):1250-1263.
[20]SUN X,LI F. Spatiotemporal assessment and tradeoffs of multiple ecosystem services based on land use changes in Zengcheng,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017(609):1569-1581.