骆马湖水质对菹草不同生长期的响应研究
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摘要
采用原位观测手段研究了骆马湖菹草生长区水质与菹草不同生长期的响应关系。结果表明:指数生长期和石芽生成期,水体中的pH值、ORP值和DO质量浓度升高,COD质量浓度降低;植株衰亡期则相反,菹草腐烂导致有草区的水体TP质量浓度升高,但是由于反硝化作用,水体中TN与硝氮质量浓度反而下降。菹草在生长过程中直接吸收水体中的硝氮,对氨氮的去除则为间接作用,此时水体中的氮以硝氮为主;当菹草衰亡时,氨氮成为水体中氮的主要存在形态。菹草密度是影响水体各形态氮浓度的重要因素,在菹草生长时,菹草密度与TN和硝氮质量浓度显著负相关(P <0.01);当菹草衰亡时,与菹草稀疏区相比,菹草密集区TN和硝氮质量浓度更低,而氨氮质量浓度更高。指数生长期,骆马湖最优菹草密度为83.75 g/m~3。
The response of water quality to different growth periods of Potamogeton crispus was studied by in situ observation.The results show that the p H and ORP values and mass concentration of DO increase and the mass concentration of COD decreases during exponential growth period and stone bud formation period.On the contrary,in the period of plant decay,the mass concentration of TP increases due to the decay of Potamogeton crispus,but the mass concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen decreases due to denitrification.In the process of growth,Potamogeton crispus absorbs nitrate nitrogen directly,but removes ammonia nitrogen indirectly.At this time,nitrate nitrogen is the main nitrogen in water.Ammonia nitrogen becomes the main form of nitrogen in water when Potamogeton crispus decay.The density of Potamogeton crispus is an important factor affecting the concentration of different nitrogen forms in water.The density of Potamogeton crispus is negatively correlated with the concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen(P<0.01) during the growth of Potamogeton crispus.When the Potamogeton crispus decays,the mass concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen in the Potamogeton crispus intensive area is lower than that in the sparse area,while the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen was higher.During the exponential growth period,the optimum density of Potamogeton crispus in Luoma Lake is 83.75 g/m~3.
The response of water quality to different growth periods of Potamogeton crispus was studied by in situ observation.The results show that the p H and ORP values and mass concentration of DO increase and the mass concentration of COD decreases during exponential growth period and stone bud formation period.On the contrary,in the period of plant decay,the mass concentration of TP increases due to the decay of Potamogeton crispus,but the mass concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen decreases due to denitrification.In the process of growth,Potamogeton crispus absorbs nitrate nitrogen directly,but removes ammonia nitrogen indirectly.At this time,nitrate nitrogen is the main nitrogen in water.Ammonia nitrogen becomes the main form of nitrogen in water when Potamogeton crispus decay.The density of Potamogeton crispus is an important factor affecting the concentration of different nitrogen forms in water.The density of Potamogeton crispus is negatively correlated with the concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen(P<0.01) during the growth of Potamogeton crispus.When the Potamogeton crispus decays,the mass concentration of TN and nitrate nitrogen in the Potamogeton crispus intensive area is lower than that in the sparse area,while the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen was higher.During the exponential growth period,the optimum density of Potamogeton crispus in Luoma Lake is 83.75 g/m~3.
引文
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[19]余成,任宪友,班璇,等.湖北省典型浅水湖泊冬季氮的空间分布特征研究:以洪湖和武汉东湖为例[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,45(3):490-496.(YU Cheng,REN Xianyou,BAN Xuan,et al.The spatial distribution of Nitrogen in typical shallow lakes in winter of Hubei Province[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Natural Sciences),2011,45(3):490-496.(in Chinese))
[20]金送笛,倪彩虹.菹草对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素[J].生态学报,1994,14(2):168-173.(JINSongdi,NI Caihong.Uptake by Potamogeton crispus of nitrogen and phosphorus from water and some affecting factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(2):168-173.(in Chinese))
[21]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):83-89.(TANGJinyan,CAO Peipei,XU Chi,et al.Effects of aquatic plants during their decay and decomposition on water quality[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):83-89.(in Chinese))
[22]尹传宝,王龙,张翠英,等.春季菹草对水体中各形态氮的作用效果研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(3):9-11.(YIN Chuanbao,WANG Long,ZHANG Cuiying,et al.Effect of Potamogeton Crispus on different species of nitrogen in spring[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(3):9-11.(in Chinese))
[23]李祚泳,汪嘉杨,赵晓莉,等.基于鱼群算法优化的水质指数普适公式[J].水文,2007,27(6):11-15.(LIZuoyong,WANG Jiayang,ZHAO Xiaoli,et al.A universal exponential formula for water quality base on artificial fish swarm algorithm[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2007,27(6):11-15.(in Chinese))
[2]ZHOU Yiwen,ZHOU Xiaohong,HAN Ruiming,et al.Reproduction capcity of Potamongeton crispus fagments and its role in water purification and algae inhibition in eutrophic lakes[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,580:1421-1428.
[3]GAO Jingqing,XIONG Zhiting,ZHANG Jingdong,et al.Phosphorus removal from water of eutrophic Lake Donghu by five submerged macrophytes[J].Desalination,2009,242(1/2/3):193-204.
[4]LI Jihua,YANG Xiaoying,WANG Zhengfang,et al.Comparison of four aquatic plant treatment systems for nutrient removal from eutrophied water[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,179:1-7.
[5]PAKDEL F M,SIM L,BEARDELL J,et al.Allelopathic inhibition of microalgae by the freshwater stonewort,Chara australis,and a submerged angiosperm Potamogeton crispus[J].Aquatic Botany,2013,110:24-30.
[6]ZENG Lei,HE Feng,DAI Zhigang,et al.Effect of submerged macrophyte restoration on improving aquatic ecosystem in a subtropical,shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,106:578-587.
[7]杨文斌,王国祥,王刚.菹草衰亡腐烂对水质持续性影响试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2010,10(2):90-92.(YANG Wenbin,WANG Guoxiang,WANG Gang.Experimental study over the continuous effects of decaying Potamogeton crispus on water quality[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2010,10(2):90-92.(in Chinese))
[8]SHEN Qiushi,ZHOU Qilin,SHANG Jingge,et al.Beyond hypoxia:occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(2):281-288.
[9]CAO Xiuyun,WAN Lingling,XIAO Jian,et al.Environmental effects by introducing Potamogeton crispus to recover a eutrophic Lake[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,621:360-367.
[10]任文君,田在锋,胡晓波,等.白洋淀菹草不同生长期生物量与水质指标动态变化[J].河北农业大学学报,2011,34(4):21-28.(REN Wenjun,TIAN Zaifeng,HUXiaobo,et al.Biomass of Potamogeton crispus and dynamic change of water quality on different growth periods in Baiyangdian lake[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2011,34(4):21-28.(in Chinese))
[11]王亚琼,薛培英,耿丽平,等.白洋淀沉积物-沉水植物-水系统氮、磷分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):304-309.(WANG Yaqiong,XUE Peiying,GENGLiping,et al.Distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments-submerged macrophytes-water systems of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):304-309.(in Chinese))
[12]申霞,洪大林,谈永锋,等.骆马湖生态环境现状及其保护措施[J].水资源保护,2013,29(3):39-43.(SHENXia,HONG Dalin,TAN Yongfeng,et al.Ecological environment of Luoma Lake and protection measures[J].Water Resources Protection,2013,29(3):39-43.(in Chinese))
[13]曹毅,王辉.基于Landsat 7影像的骆马湖菹草时空分布研究[J].环境监控与预警,2014,6(4):46-47.(CAOYi,WANG Hui.The temporal and spatial distribution of Potamogeton crispus in Luoma Lake based on Landsat 7image[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2014,6(4):46-47.(in Chinese))
[14]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[15]BAKKER E S,VAN DONKA E,DECLERCK S A J,et al.Effect of macrophyte community composition and nutrient enrichment on plant biomass and algal blooms[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2010,11(5):432-439.
[16]赵联芳,朱伟,莫妙兴.沉水植物对水体p H值的影响及其脱氮作用[J].水资源保护,2008,24(6):64-67.(ZHAO Lianfang,ZHU Wei,MO Miaoxing.Effects of submerged macrophytes on p H values and nitrogen removal[J].Water Resources Protection,2008,24(6):64-67.(in Chinese))
[17]MALKINSON D,TIELBORGER K.What does the stressgradient hypothesis predict?Resolving the discrepancies[J].Oikos,2010,119(10):1546-1552.
[18]万蕾,徐德兰,高明侠,等.大型水生植物对骆马湖氮、磷元素的影响[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3579-3584.(WAN Lei,XUE Delan,GAO Mingxia,et al.Effect of macrophytes on nitrogen and phosphorus in Luoma Lake[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2012,6(10):3579-3584.(in Chinese))
[19]余成,任宪友,班璇,等.湖北省典型浅水湖泊冬季氮的空间分布特征研究:以洪湖和武汉东湖为例[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,45(3):490-496.(YU Cheng,REN Xianyou,BAN Xuan,et al.The spatial distribution of Nitrogen in typical shallow lakes in winter of Hubei Province[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Natural Sciences),2011,45(3):490-496.(in Chinese))
[20]金送笛,倪彩虹.菹草对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素[J].生态学报,1994,14(2):168-173.(JINSongdi,NI Caihong.Uptake by Potamogeton crispus of nitrogen and phosphorus from water and some affecting factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(2):168-173.(in Chinese))
[21]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):83-89.(TANGJinyan,CAO Peipei,XU Chi,et al.Effects of aquatic plants during their decay and decomposition on water quality[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):83-89.(in Chinese))
[22]尹传宝,王龙,张翠英,等.春季菹草对水体中各形态氮的作用效果研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(3):9-11.(YIN Chuanbao,WANG Long,ZHANG Cuiying,et al.Effect of Potamogeton Crispus on different species of nitrogen in spring[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(3):9-11.(in Chinese))
[23]李祚泳,汪嘉杨,赵晓莉,等.基于鱼群算法优化的水质指数普适公式[J].水文,2007,27(6):11-15.(LIZuoyong,WANG Jiayang,ZHAO Xiaoli,et al.A universal exponential formula for water quality base on artificial fish swarm algorithm[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2007,27(6):11-15.(in Chinese))