我国各地区畜禽肉中重金属污染物水平的安全评价及分布特征
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摘要
目的对我国不同地区养殖场、批发市场、农贸市场及超市不同畜禽肉的重金属检测结果进行分析、比较,评价其食用健康风险。方法共采集2015~2017年我国华北、东北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西北地区的5类畜禽肉抽检数据,共计10500份样本,采用食品安全指数法(index of food safety,IFS)进行污染评估。结果样本中各地区铅、镉、铬、汞及砷的超标率平均值的范围分别在1.10%~2.48%,0.67%~2.48%,1%~2.57%,0.81%~1.43%及0.43%~1%,食品安全指数均小于1。我国西南地区畜禽肉中铅、镉、铬及汞的污染水平高于其他地区,而东北地区的砷污染高于其他地区。不同地区的不同畜禽肉中不同重金属的IFS值的大小顺序都呈现相同的趋势。结论食品安全指数表明重金属对畜禽肉安全影响的风险没有超过可接受的限度。
Objective To analyze and compare the heavy metal inspection results of different livestock and poultry meats in different farms, wholesale markets, farmers' markets and supermarkets in different areas in China, in order to evaluate the health risks of livestock and poultry meats. Methods Totally 10500 samples of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry meats were collected in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, Southern China, Southwest and Northwest regions during 2015-2017. The samples were analyzed and evaluated based on the index of food safety(IFS) method. Results The average over-standard rate of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in samples were 1.10%-2.48%, 0.67%-2.48%, 1%-2.57%, 0.81%-1.43% and 0.43%-1%, respectively, and the index of food safety was less than 1. The pollution levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in livestock and poultry meats in Southwest China were higher than those in other areas, while the pollution of As in Northeast China was higher than that in other areas. The order of IFS value of different heavy metals in different livestock and poultry meats were the same. Conclusion The index of food safety shows that the risk of heavy metal impact on livestock and poultry meats does not exceed the acceptable limit.
Objective To analyze and compare the heavy metal inspection results of different livestock and poultry meats in different farms, wholesale markets, farmers' markets and supermarkets in different areas in China, in order to evaluate the health risks of livestock and poultry meats. Methods Totally 10500 samples of 5 kinds of livestock and poultry meats were collected in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, Southern China, Southwest and Northwest regions during 2015-2017. The samples were analyzed and evaluated based on the index of food safety(IFS) method. Results The average over-standard rate of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in samples were 1.10%-2.48%, 0.67%-2.48%, 1%-2.57%, 0.81%-1.43% and 0.43%-1%, respectively, and the index of food safety was less than 1. The pollution levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in livestock and poultry meats in Southwest China were higher than those in other areas, while the pollution of As in Northeast China was higher than that in other areas. The order of IFS value of different heavy metals in different livestock and poultry meats were the same. Conclusion The index of food safety shows that the risk of heavy metal impact on livestock and poultry meats does not exceed the acceptable limit.
引文
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[19]GB 2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S]GB 2762-2017 National standard for food safety-Limit of contaminants in food[S]
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[2]统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Bureau of Statistics.China statistical yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016.
[3]周俊华,何仁春,廖玉英,等.畜禽肉重金属污染来源及监控措施[J].现代农业科技,2015,(1):295-296.Zhou JH,He RC,Liao YY,et al.Pollution sources and monitoring measures of heavy metals in livestock and poultry meat[J].Mod Agric Sci Technol,2015,(1):295-296,
[4]任筑山,陈君石.中国的食品安全:过去、现在与未来[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2016.Ren ZS,Chen JS.Food safety in China:Past,present and future[M].Beijing:China Press of Science and Technology,2016.
[5]骆新峥.食品中常见的重金属污染及检测技术研究进展[J].质量技术监督研究,2010,12(6):39-49.Luo XZ.The research progress of heavy metal pollution and detection technology in food[J].Res Qual Technol Superv,2010,12(6):39-49.
[6]郑火国.食品安全可追溯系统研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.Zheng HG.Research on traceability system of food safety[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.
[7]李聪.食品安全监测与预警系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.Li Cong.Food safety monitoring and warning system[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[8]Blanco PI,Cruz JM,Lopez AM,et al.Influence of copper status on the accumulation of toxic and essential metals in cattle[J].Environ Int,2006,(32):901-906.
[9]Gonzalez WD,Karlsson L,Caballero A,et al.Lead and cadmium in meat products consumed by the population in Tenerife island[J].Spain Food Addit Contam,2006,(23):757-763.
[10]Lee JD,Wu SM,Lu LY,et al.Cadmium concentration and metal lothionein expression in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia of humans[J].J Formos Med Assoc,2009,108(7):554-559.
[11]Lang IA,Scarlett A,Guralnik JM,et al.Age-related impairments of mobility associated with cobalt and other heavy metals:data from NHANES 1999-2004[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2009,72(6):402-9.
[12]金征宇.食品安全导论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.Jin ZY.An introduction to food safety[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[13]柴勇,杨俊英,李燕,等.基于食品安全指数法评估重庆市蔬菜中农药残留的风险[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(1):98-102.Cai Y,Yang JY,Li Y,et al.Evaluation of pesticide residues in vegetables based on food safety index method in Chongqing[J].Southwest Agric J,2010,23(1):98-102.
[14]郭萍,陈建安,张景平,等.食品安全指数评价新罗区大棚蔬菜农药污染水平[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2011,17(6):52-54.Guo P,Chen JA,Zhang JP,et al.Evaluation of pesticide pollution level of greenhouse vegetables in Xinluo area using food safety index[J].Strait J Prev Med,2011,17(6):52-54.
[15]兰珊珊,林涛,林昕,等.食品安全指数法评估西南地区食用菌中农药残留风险[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):199-204.Lan SS,Lin T,Lin X,et al.Risk assessment of pesticide residues in edible fungi in Southwest China by food safety index method[J].Jiangsu J Agric Sci,2014,30(1):199-204.
[16]国家食品安全监督抽检实施细则(2017年版)[EB/OL].http://www.foodmate.net/law/shipin/190094.html.Implementation rules for national food safety supervision and sampling inspection(2017 Edition)[EB/OL].http://www.foodmate.net/law/shipin/190094.html.
[17]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.National Bureau of statistics.China Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016.
[18]周禄斌,张蒙.食品中常见重金属污染的现状与防控措施[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2013,19(1):15-17.Zhou LB,Zhang M.Current situation and prevention and control measures of heavy metal pollution in foods[J].Strait J Prev Med,2013,19(1):15-17.
[19]GB 2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S]GB 2762-2017 National standard for food safety-Limit of contaminants in food[S]
[20]佚名.我国人均肉类年消费量59公斤[J].肉类工业,2016,(6):56.Anonymous.Per capita meat of China's annual consumption of 59 kg[J].Meat Ind,2016,(6):56.