凉州区奶牛乳房炎主要病原分离鉴定及药敏试验
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摘要
乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病,随着奶牛产业的蓬勃发展,乳房炎已经成为制约该产业的瓶颈之一。从甘肃省武威市凉州区5个奶牛养殖场采集了1 000头荷斯坦奶牛共计3 991份奶样,对临床型和非临床型(隐性)乳房炎分别通过临床症状和兰州隐性乳房炎诊断液(LMT)进行诊断。结果显示:该地区奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率18.20%,亚临床型乳房炎发病率36.50%,总阳性率54.70%,总阳性乳区率54.72%。从阳性奶样中分离纯化得到的主要病原菌为链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,且在不同类型乳房炎中的分布情况不同,临床型中链球菌属最多(54.37%),亚临床型中金黄色葡萄球菌最多(48.56%)。对主要病原菌进行药敏试验,结果表明治疗凉州区奶牛乳房炎的最佳药物应为喹诺酮类和庆大霉素类。
As the most common disease of dairy cows, mastitis becomes the bottle-neck for the developing dairy industry of Wuwei city. 3 991 milk samples of 1 000 China Holstein were collected from 5 dairy farm. The subclinical mastitis were test through LMT agentia while the clinical mastitis were diagnosed through symptoms of cows and milk quality. Results showed that mastitis in this area was widespread with the morbidity rate of clinical in 18.20%, subclinical in 36.50%, total in 54.70% and the rate of the LMT positive udder quarter was 54.72%. The main pathogens isolated from those samples were Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the majority of clinical and subclinical mastitis were Streptococcus spp(54.37%)and S.aureus(48.56%).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing result suggested that quinolone and gentamicins were the most effective options to treat mastitis in dairy cattle in Liangzhou district.
As the most common disease of dairy cows, mastitis becomes the bottle-neck for the developing dairy industry of Wuwei city. 3 991 milk samples of 1 000 China Holstein were collected from 5 dairy farm. The subclinical mastitis were test through LMT agentia while the clinical mastitis were diagnosed through symptoms of cows and milk quality. Results showed that mastitis in this area was widespread with the morbidity rate of clinical in 18.20%, subclinical in 36.50%, total in 54.70% and the rate of the LMT positive udder quarter was 54.72%. The main pathogens isolated from those samples were Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the majority of clinical and subclinical mastitis were Streptococcus spp(54.37%)and S.aureus(48.56%).The antimicrobial susceptibility testing result suggested that quinolone and gentamicins were the most effective options to treat mastitis in dairy cattle in Liangzhou district.
引文
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[2]肖定汉.奶牛病学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002:26.
[3]李宏胜,罗金印,李新圃,等.我国奶牛乳房炎病原菌区系调查及抗生素耐药性检测[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会家畜内科学分会第七届代表大会暨学术研讨会论文集.南昌:中国畜牧兽医学会家畜内科学分会,2011:252-259.
[4]李宏胜,郁杰,李新圃,等.奶牛乳房炎类型与病原菌感染之间相关性的研究[J].动物医学进展,2004(6):80-84.
[5]Barkema H W,Schukken Y H,Lam T J,et al.Incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds grouped in three categories by bulk milk somatic cell counts[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(2):411-419.
[6]Bauer A W,Kirby W M,Sherris J C,et al.Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method[J].Am J Clin Pathol,1966,45(4):493-496.
[7]何晶,高玉霞.奶牛乳房炎流行病学调查与损失评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(2):113-114.
[8]甘林茂.奶牛隐性乳房炎致病菌分离鉴定及LAMP检测方法的建立[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[9]丁丹丹,张震,邓立新,等.河南省奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验[J].中国奶牛,2015(10):23-27.
[10]Deng Z,Koop G,Lam T,et al.Farm-level risk factors for bovine mastitis in Dutch automatic milking dairy herds[J].J Dairy Sci,2019,5:4522-4535.
[11]Bhutia P S,Bansal B K,Gupta D K,et al.Bacterial isolation of milk samples submitted from clinical mastitis buffaloes during 2007 to2016[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2019,2:1-7.
[12]Pumipuntu N,Tunyong W,Chantratita N,et al.Staphylococcus spp.associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in central and northeast provinces of Thailand[J].Peer J,2019,7:e6587.
[13]韩书娟.山东某规模化奶牛场乳房炎流行病学调查[D].济南:山东农业大学,2017.
[14]哈爱日.呼和浩特地区奶牛临床型乳房炎发病情况调查及其治疗方法的探究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2018.
[15]张月.河北省不同地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定和耐药性研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[16]王凤,宋立,汤德元,等.奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定、血清型及耐药性研究[J].动物医学进展,2013,34(6):62-67.
[17]李宁,程迪,高峰,等.辽西奶牛乳房炎优势病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验[J].现代畜牧兽医,2018(6):14-17.
[18]张倩,屈勇刚,于会举,等.石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(2):102-105.