广州市社区老年人居家不出现状及其影响因素研究
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摘要
目的分析广州市社区≥60岁老年人居家不出现状及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,从广州市11个行政区中抽取5个行政区,在每个行政区中随机抽取1～2个社区,对抽中社区≥60岁居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学情况、生活习惯、慢性病患病情况、居家不出状态评估量表等。数据采用x~2检验和多因素logistic回归进行分析。结果共调查广州市社区≥60岁老年人484名,70例为居家不出者,居家不出发生率为14.5%。多因素分析结果显示,偶尔体育锻炼或不锻炼(OR=8.457、56.366)、外出时需要他人协助(OR=9.312)、参加社区活动<1次/d(OR=3.658)、无兴趣爱好(OR=2.786)、以及婚姻状况为无配偶(OR=2.771)均为影响社区老年人居家不出发生的影响因素。结论广州市社区≥60岁老年人居家不外出发生率较高。影响社区老年人居家不出的危险因素包括体育锻炼少、参加社区活动频率低、无兴趣爱好等。社区工作人员应重视老年人的社会支持,鼓励其走出家门,从而减少居家不出的发生情况。
Objective To investigate the present situation of housebound elderly in communities of Guangzhou and its influencing factors. Methods Using stratified random sampling method,five districts were chosen from 11 administrative districts in Guangzhou,and then one or two communities were selected from each chosen district. Questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 60 years or over in the selected communities. The survey included demographic information,living habits,chronic disease status,and housebound assessment scale. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 484 elderly residents aged 60 years or over in Guangzhou were surveyed,of whom 70 were housebound. The prevalence of the housebound was 14.5%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that less physical exercises(OR=8.457,56.366),need for assistance when going out(OR=9.312),low frequency of participation in community activities(OR=3.658),no hobbies(OR=2.786),and marital status without spouse(OR=2.771)were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound among the elderly in the community. Conclusions The prevalence of the housebound among the elderly residents aged 60 years or above in Guangzhou was relatively high. Risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound included less physical exercises,low frequency of participation in community activities,and no hobbies. Community workers should pay more attention to social supports for elderly people,encouraging them to go outdoors,so as to reduce the occurrence of housebound.
Objective To investigate the present situation of housebound elderly in communities of Guangzhou and its influencing factors. Methods Using stratified random sampling method,five districts were chosen from 11 administrative districts in Guangzhou,and then one or two communities were selected from each chosen district. Questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 60 years or over in the selected communities. The survey included demographic information,living habits,chronic disease status,and housebound assessment scale. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 484 elderly residents aged 60 years or over in Guangzhou were surveyed,of whom 70 were housebound. The prevalence of the housebound was 14.5%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that less physical exercises(OR=8.457,56.366),need for assistance when going out(OR=9.312),low frequency of participation in community activities(OR=3.658),no hobbies(OR=2.786),and marital status without spouse(OR=2.771)were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound among the elderly in the community. Conclusions The prevalence of the housebound among the elderly residents aged 60 years or above in Guangzhou was relatively high. Risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound included less physical exercises,low frequency of participation in community activities,and no hobbies. Community workers should pay more attention to social supports for elderly people,encouraging them to go outdoors,so as to reduce the occurrence of housebound.
引文
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[11]靳岩鹏,景丽伟,汪凤兰,等.社区老年人的housebound认知状况及初级预防对策[J].中国老年学,2015,35(24):7183-7185.
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[13]周誉,王正珍.静坐少动与心血管风险因素[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(8):804-809.
[14]赵清霞,张先庚,柳振华,等.影响老年人群housebound的因素分析[J].全科护理,2016,14(4):325-327.
[15]Qiu WQ,Dean M,Liu T,et al.Physical and mental health of homebound older adults:an overlooked population[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2010,58(12):2423-2428.
[16]刘萍,席淑华,马静.我国老年人社会支持现状[J].解放军护理杂志,2009,26(4):46-47.
[17]景丽伟,王玉静,张超,等.河北省社区老年人居家不出现状及影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(9):1182-1184.
[2]Snellgrove DR.Elderly housebound:a report on elderly people who are incapacitated[M].Luton:White Crescent Press,1963:20-21.
[3]么婷.不同地域城市社区老年housebound的现状及影响因素[D].唐山:华北理工大学,2015.
[4]么婷,张小丽,汪凤兰,等.蚌埠市社区老年人居家不出现状及其影响因素分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014,31(10):734-736.
[5]Cohen-Mansfield J,Shmotkin D,Hazan H.The effect of homebound status on older persons[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2010,58(12):2358-2362.
[6]Williams BR,Lopez S.Reaching the homebound elderly:the Prescription Intervention and Lifelong Learning(PILL)program[J].Home Health Care Serv Q,2005,24(1-2):61-72.
[7]Locher JL,Ritchie CS,Roth DL,et al.Food choice among homebound older adults:motivations and perceived barriers[J].JNHA,2009,13(8):659-664.
[8]雷美娟,邢凤梅.城市社区老年人housebound的发生特征及原因[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(19):3688-3690.
[9]赵淼,高凤英,魏民,等.社区老年housebound现状及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(22):4099-4102.
[10]邓梦,张盼,邢凤梅,等.社会活动对不同地域老年人居家不出的影响[J].中国老年学,2017,37(20):5144-5146.
[11]靳岩鹏,景丽伟,汪凤兰,等.社区老年人的housebound认知状况及初级预防对策[J].中国老年学,2015,35(24):7183-7185.
[12]Cohen-Mansfield J,Shmotkin D,Hazan H.Homebound older persons:prevalence,characteristics,and longitudinal predictors[J].Arch Gerontol Geriatr,2012,54(1):55-60.
[13]周誉,王正珍.静坐少动与心血管风险因素[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(8):804-809.
[14]赵清霞,张先庚,柳振华,等.影响老年人群housebound的因素分析[J].全科护理,2016,14(4):325-327.
[15]Qiu WQ,Dean M,Liu T,et al.Physical and mental health of homebound older adults:an overlooked population[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2010,58(12):2423-2428.
[16]刘萍,席淑华,马静.我国老年人社会支持现状[J].解放军护理杂志,2009,26(4):46-47.
[17]景丽伟,王玉静,张超,等.河北省社区老年人居家不出现状及影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(9):1182-1184.