白龙江流域中上游第四纪沉积物的发育特征及其灾害效应
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摘要
白龙江流域是我国四大地质灾害高发区之一,也是全国17个地质灾害重点防治区之一。第四纪沉积物的广泛分布为地质灾害提供了丰富的物质基础。本文基于遥感和GIS技术,结合影像特征和野外实际调查,建立了研究区第四纪成因类型(5大类11亚类)的解译标志;运用所建立的解译标志,对研究区进行了精细解译,新增第四纪残积物、坡积物、泥石流堆积和人工堆积等8个沉积亚类,补充和完善了滑坡堆积体和崩积物的面域数据,共解译第四纪沉积物面积444.7 km~2,较前人研究资料扩展了380.4 km~2;研究区上游段主要受地形地貌因素影响,第四纪沉积物沿白龙江主河道及其支流分布,中游段主要受地质构造控制,第四纪沉积物沿活动断层呈条带状分布,下游段主要受地层岩性影响,第四纪沉积物呈片状分布;第四纪沉积物灾害效应主要表现为崩滑效应和对泥石流的补给效应。本文研究成果对研究区区域地质灾害调查和风险评价提供了技术支撑。
Bailongjiang Basin,as one of China's four High-incident Areas of geologic disaster and one of China's seventeen major prevention areas of geologic disaster,has widespread distribution of Quaternary Sediments which provides a rich material basis for geological hazards.This Article,based on remote sensing and GIS technology,combined with the feature of image and field survey,has established the interpretation signs for the genetic types of the Quaternary Sediments(5 categories and 11 subcategories) in the research area.Further with the interpretation signs,this Article has carried the analysis on the research area more delicately,details are inclusive of:Eight sedimentary sub'categories have been added,including but not limited to quaternary residual,slope deposits,debris flow deposits and artificial deposits;the surface area data of landslide deposits and collapses has been complemented,total 444.7 km2 of the Quaternary Sediments has been researched,which is 380.4 km2 larger than previous research area;Founded that:as mainly affected by topographic and geomorphological,Quaternary Sediments in the upper reaches of the research area distribute along the main channel and the tributaries of the Bailongjiang;and as mainly affected by geological structures,Quaternary Sediments in the middle reaches of the research area are zonally distribute along the active faults;and as mainly affected by stratigraphic lithology,Quaternary Sediments in the lower reaches patchily distribute;and the Quaternary Sediment hazard effects are mainly manifested in landslides and debris flowrecharge effects.The research results of this Article provide technical support for the regional geological hazard investigation and risk assessment in the research area.
Bailongjiang Basin,as one of China's four High-incident Areas of geologic disaster and one of China's seventeen major prevention areas of geologic disaster,has widespread distribution of Quaternary Sediments which provides a rich material basis for geological hazards.This Article,based on remote sensing and GIS technology,combined with the feature of image and field survey,has established the interpretation signs for the genetic types of the Quaternary Sediments(5 categories and 11 subcategories) in the research area.Further with the interpretation signs,this Article has carried the analysis on the research area more delicately,details are inclusive of:Eight sedimentary sub'categories have been added,including but not limited to quaternary residual,slope deposits,debris flow deposits and artificial deposits;the surface area data of landslide deposits and collapses has been complemented,total 444.7 km2 of the Quaternary Sediments has been researched,which is 380.4 km2 larger than previous research area;Founded that:as mainly affected by topographic and geomorphological,Quaternary Sediments in the upper reaches of the research area distribute along the main channel and the tributaries of the Bailongjiang;and as mainly affected by geological structures,Quaternary Sediments in the middle reaches of the research area are zonally distribute along the active faults;and as mainly affected by stratigraphic lithology,Quaternary Sediments in the lower reaches patchily distribute;and the Quaternary Sediment hazard effects are mainly manifested in landslides and debris flowrecharge effects.The research results of this Article provide technical support for the regional geological hazard investigation and risk assessment in the research area.
引文
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[13]刘耀林,刘艳芳. DEM数据辅助遥感信息进行第四纪沉积物自动识别分类[J].地域研究与开发,1994,13(2):20-23.[LIU Y L,LIU Y F. Remote sensing automatic classification for the quaternary sediments assisted by DEM[J]. Areal Research and Development,1994,13(2):20-23.(in Chinese)]
[14]张绪教,李团结,陆平,等.卫星遥感在西藏安多幅1∶25万区域第四纪地质调查中的应用[J].现代地质,2008,22(1):107-115.[ZHANG X J,LI T J,LU P,et al. Application of satellite remote sensing to1:250, 000 regional quaternary investigation in AMDO sheet,Tibet[J]. Geoscience,2008,22(1):107-115.(in Chinese)]
[15]范敏,黄洁,刘智,等.基于遥感数据的西南地区第四纪残坡积层分布与利用——以四川省盐源盆地为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(增刊1):204-208.[FAN M, HUANG J, LIU Z, et al. The distribution and utilization of quaternary residual and slope sediments in southwest China based on remote sensing data:a case study of Yanyuan basin in Sichuan province[J]. Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2010,22(Sup1):204-208.(in Chinese)]
[16]叶梦旎,张绪教,叶培盛,等. SPOT-6与无人机航测技术在第四纪地质及活动构造填图中的应用——以内蒙古1∶50000呼勒斯太苏木等四幅填图试点为例[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(2):366-378.[YE M N,ZHANG X J,YE P C,et al. Application of SPOT-6 and the UAV aerial technology in quaternary geology and tectonic mapping:taking the 1∶50000mapping pilot of the HULESITAI area,inner Mongolia as an example[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2016,22(2):366-378.(in Chinese)]
[17]张焜,李宗仁,马世斌.基于ZY-102 C星数据的遥感地质解译——以塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区为例[J].国土资源遥感,2015,27(3):144-153.[ZHANG K,LI Z R,MA S B. Remote sensing geological interpretation based on ZY-1 02 C satellite images:A case study of Pamir area,Tajikistan[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2015,27(3):144-153.(in Chinese)]
[18]张瑞丝,陈建平,曾敏.基于Worldview-Ⅱ遥感影像的西藏改则地区断裂构造解译研究及应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(2):265-274.[ZHANG R S,CHEN J P,ZENG M. The study of structural interpretation based on Worldview-Ⅱremote sensing image in Gaize,tibet and its application[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(2):265-274.(in Chinese)]
[19]黄润秋,张倬元,王士天.高边坡稳定性研究现状及发展展望[J].地球科学进展,1991,6(1):26-31.[HUANG R Q,ZHANG Z Y,WANG S T. The present status and prospect of stability study of high rock slopes[J]. Advance in Earth Science,1991,6(1):26-31.(in Chinese)]
[2]杨为民,黄晓,张春山,等.白龙江流域坪定—化马断裂带滑坡特征及其形成演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,45(2):574-583.[YANG W M,HUANG X,ZHANG C S,et al. Deformation behavior of landslides and their formation mechanism along Pingding-Huama aclive fault in Bailong river region[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2014,45(2):574-583.(in Chinese)]
[3]黎志恒,文宝萍,贾贵义,等.甘肃省白龙江流域滑坡分布规律及其主控因素[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(6):768-776.[LI Z H,WEN B P,JIA G Y,et al. Characteristics of the landslide distribution along the Bailongjiang river basin and its controlling factors[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2015,51(6):768-776.(in Chinese)]
[4]何斌,徐新兰,贾贵义,等.甘肃省白龙江流域主要地质灾害发育特征及分布规律研究[J].地下水,2017,39(3):174-176.[HE B,XU X L,JIA G Y,et al. Characteristics and distribution of main geological hazards in Gansu Bailong river basin[J].Underground Water,2017,39(3):174-176.(in Chinese)]
[5]宁娜,马金珠,张鹏,等.基于GIS和信息量法的甘肃南部白龙江流域泥石流灾害危险性评价[J].资源科学,2013,35(4):892-899.[NING N,MA J Z,ZHANG P,et al. Debris flow hazard assessment for the Bailong river,southern Gansu[J]. Resources Science,2013,35(4):892-899.(in Chinese)]
[6]张茂省,黎志恒,王根龙,等.白龙江流域地质灾害特征及勘查思路[J].西北地质,2011,44(3):1-9.[ZHANG M S,LI Z H,WANG G L,et al. Thegeological hazard characteristics and exploration ideas of the Bailong river basin[J]. Northwestern Geology,2011,44(3):1-9.(in Chinese)]
[7]李瑞冬,王根龙,赵成,等.三眼峪特大泥石流形成的物源条件分析[J].西北地质,2011,44(3):21-29.[LI R D,WANG G L,ZHAO C,et al.Analysis of material sources derived from Sanyanyu debris Flow in Zhouqu County[J]. Northwestern Geology,2011,44(3):21-29.(in Chinese)]
[8]童立强,张晓坤,程洋,等.“8·7”甘肃舟曲县特大泥石流灾害遥感解译与评价研究[J].遥感信息,2011,26(5):109-113.[TONG L Q,ZHANG X K,CHENG Y,et al. Remote sensing interpretation and evaluation of super-large geological disasters caused by"8. 7"debris flow of Zhouqu[J]. Remote Sensing Information,2011,26(5):109-113.(in Chinese)]
[9]余斌,杨永红,苏永超,等.甘肃省舟曲8. 7特大泥石流调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(4):437-444.[YU B,YANG Y H,SU Y C,et al.Research on the giant debris flow hazards in Zhouqu County,Gansu province on August 7,2010[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(4):437-444.(in Chinese)]
[10]曹兴山.甘肃的第四系[J].甘肃地质学报,1997,7(2):2-4.[CAO X S. Quaternary period in Gansu[J]. ACTA Geologica Gansu,1997,7(2):2-4.(in Chinese)]
[11]卢登仕.应用遥感技术研究第四纪地层的体会[J].成都地质学院学报,1979(2):67-77.[LU D S. Application of remote sensing technology to the study of quaternary strata[J]. Journal of Chengdu Geological Institute, 1979(2):67-77.(in Chinese)]
[12]陈述彭.卫星遥感信息与华北平原第四纪环境变迁研究[J].第四纪研究,1990(1):51-63.[CHEN S P. Some information of quaternary environment changes from satellite image in north China plain[J].Quaternary Sciences, 1990(1):51-63.(in Chinese)]
[13]刘耀林,刘艳芳. DEM数据辅助遥感信息进行第四纪沉积物自动识别分类[J].地域研究与开发,1994,13(2):20-23.[LIU Y L,LIU Y F. Remote sensing automatic classification for the quaternary sediments assisted by DEM[J]. Areal Research and Development,1994,13(2):20-23.(in Chinese)]
[14]张绪教,李团结,陆平,等.卫星遥感在西藏安多幅1∶25万区域第四纪地质调查中的应用[J].现代地质,2008,22(1):107-115.[ZHANG X J,LI T J,LU P,et al. Application of satellite remote sensing to1:250, 000 regional quaternary investigation in AMDO sheet,Tibet[J]. Geoscience,2008,22(1):107-115.(in Chinese)]
[15]范敏,黄洁,刘智,等.基于遥感数据的西南地区第四纪残坡积层分布与利用——以四川省盐源盆地为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(增刊1):204-208.[FAN M, HUANG J, LIU Z, et al. The distribution and utilization of quaternary residual and slope sediments in southwest China based on remote sensing data:a case study of Yanyuan basin in Sichuan province[J]. Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2010,22(Sup1):204-208.(in Chinese)]
[16]叶梦旎,张绪教,叶培盛,等. SPOT-6与无人机航测技术在第四纪地质及活动构造填图中的应用——以内蒙古1∶50000呼勒斯太苏木等四幅填图试点为例[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(2):366-378.[YE M N,ZHANG X J,YE P C,et al. Application of SPOT-6 and the UAV aerial technology in quaternary geology and tectonic mapping:taking the 1∶50000mapping pilot of the HULESITAI area,inner Mongolia as an example[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2016,22(2):366-378.(in Chinese)]
[17]张焜,李宗仁,马世斌.基于ZY-102 C星数据的遥感地质解译——以塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区为例[J].国土资源遥感,2015,27(3):144-153.[ZHANG K,LI Z R,MA S B. Remote sensing geological interpretation based on ZY-1 02 C satellite images:A case study of Pamir area,Tajikistan[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2015,27(3):144-153.(in Chinese)]
[18]张瑞丝,陈建平,曾敏.基于Worldview-Ⅱ遥感影像的西藏改则地区断裂构造解译研究及应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(2):265-274.[ZHANG R S,CHEN J P,ZENG M. The study of structural interpretation based on Worldview-Ⅱremote sensing image in Gaize,tibet and its application[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(2):265-274.(in Chinese)]
[19]黄润秋,张倬元,王士天.高边坡稳定性研究现状及发展展望[J].地球科学进展,1991,6(1):26-31.[HUANG R Q,ZHANG Z Y,WANG S T. The present status and prospect of stability study of high rock slopes[J]. Advance in Earth Science,1991,6(1):26-31.(in Chinese)]