贵州雷公山保护区外来入侵植物分布格局
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摘要
通过实地调查与查阅资料相结合,发现雷公山国家级自然保护区共有33种外来入侵植物,隶属18科31属,以菊科(7种)最多。入侵等级以低等级为主,入侵生活型主要是多年生草本,原产地以尚不明确为主,引入途径以无意传播占绝对优势。外来入侵植物在雷公山国家级自然保护区不同功能区都有分布,但差异不明显,实验区有15种、缓冲区有14种、核心区有13种。在不同的植被类型(草坡、灌木林、乔木林)中分布差异明显,分别为20、14、10种。根据重要值和外来入侵植物危害等级计算得出危害系数,鬼针草Bidens pilosa (73. 71)、牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora(55. 76)、白车轴草Trifolium repens(51. 17)较高,但目前,以上3种外来入侵植物在该保护区处于可控阶段,没有发生大规模的入侵。
It was found that there were 33 species of invasive plants with 18 Family and 31 Genus in Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve through field investigation and literature review. The majority species was compositae with 7 species. Invasion grade were dominated by low grade,living form were mainly perennial herb,origin were mainly not clear,invasive type of the accidentally transmission were dominated. There were invasive plants distributed in different functional areas,but the difference was not obvious,there were 15 species,14 species and 13 species of invasive plants in experimental area,buffer area and core area,respectively. The difference was obvious in different vegetation type of wasteland,shrub forest,arbor forest,the species number were 20,14 and 10. Hazard coefficient based on important value and risk rating of invasive plants,Hazard coefficient of Bidens pilosa( 73.71),Galinsoga parviflora( 55.76),Trifolium repens( 51.17) were high,but Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve was not massively invaded by them.
It was found that there were 33 species of invasive plants with 18 Family and 31 Genus in Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve through field investigation and literature review. The majority species was compositae with 7 species. Invasion grade were dominated by low grade,living form were mainly perennial herb,origin were mainly not clear,invasive type of the accidentally transmission were dominated. There were invasive plants distributed in different functional areas,but the difference was not obvious,there were 15 species,14 species and 13 species of invasive plants in experimental area,buffer area and core area,respectively. The difference was obvious in different vegetation type of wasteland,shrub forest,arbor forest,the species number were 20,14 and 10. Hazard coefficient based on important value and risk rating of invasive plants,Hazard coefficient of Bidens pilosa( 73.71),Galinsoga parviflora( 55.76),Trifolium repens( 51.17) were high,but Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve was not massively invaded by them.
引文
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[2]MACK R N,SIMBERLOFF D,MARK L W,et al.Biotic Invasions:Causes,Epidemiology,Global Consequences,and Control[J].Ecol Appl,2000,10(3):689-710.
[3]寿海洋,闫小玲,叶康,等.江苏省外来入侵植物的初步研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2014,36(6):793-807.SHOU Haiyang,YAN Xiaoling,YE Kang,et al.APreliminary Study on Alien Invasive Plants in Jiangsu,China[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2014,36(6):793-807.
[4]郑景明,徐满,孙燕,等.庐山自然保护区内外公路缘外来植物组成对比[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(3):51-56.ZHENG Jingming,XU Man,SUN Yan,et al.Comparison of Roadside Alien Plant Composition Inside and Outside Lushan Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2011,33(3):51-56.
[5]周政贤,姚茂森.雷公山自然保护区科学考察集[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1989.
[6]杨春玉,李芳念,余德会,等.贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物初步研究[J].中国林副特产,2016(3):79-84.YANG Chunyu,LI Fangnian,YU Dehui,et al.APreliminary Study on Alien Invasive Plants in Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province[J].Forest By-product and Speciality in China,2016(3):79-84.
[7]张华海,王子明,张旋.雷公山国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2007.
[8]马金双.中国入侵植物名录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[9]国家环境保护总局.关于发布中国第一批外来入侵物种名单的通知(环发[2003]11号)[R].北京:国家环境保护总局,2003.
[10]环境保护部.关于发布中国第二批外来入侵物种名单的通知(环发[2010]4号)[R].北京:环境保护部,2010.
[11]环境保护部.关于发布中国外来入侵物种名单(第三批)的公告(公告2014年第57号)[R].北京:环境保护部,2014.
[12]谢雨,朱忠福,肖维阳,等.九寨沟核心景区外来植物的分布格局与影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(6):1 008-1 014.XIE Yu,ZHU Zhongfu,XIAO Weiyang,et al.Distribution Pattern of the Alien Plants and Their Impacts on the Scenic Corezone of the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2016,22(6):1 008-1 014.
[13]罗文启,符少怀,杨小波,等.海南岛入侵植物的分布特点及其对本地植物的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(5):486-500.LUO Wenqi,FU Shaohuai,YANG Xiaobo,et al.Distribution Patterns of Alien Invasive Plants and Their Influences on Native Plants of Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(5):486-500.