高精度微震定位采场支承压力分布特征
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摘要
为定量分析煤矿采场支承压力分布特征,采用微地震监测技术对采场支承压力进行了研究。提出了一种能够显著提高震源定位精度的速度模型反演方法,构建了求解分层速度模型的目标函数。在陕西省境内某矿布置井地联合微震监测系统,并采用标定炮的方式验证了水平分层速度模型井地联合监测方案的定位精度明显高于近水平单一速度模型监测方案。采用水平分层速度模型对监测区域内微震事件进行高精度定位,并结合矿山压力理论,对采场支承压力分布规律与微震事件频次、能量之间的特征进行了研究。结果表明:正常回采过程中受采动影响的超前支承压力范围是工作面前方0～90 m,工作面前方40～70 m范围内为高应力集中区,上、下顺槽的侧向支承压力影响范围分别为0～70 m和0～80 m;研究结果为微地震监测技术在矿山工程领域的应用提供了一定的参考依据。
In order to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of abutment pressure distribution in coal stope,a study is made of the abutment pressure of stope using microseismic monitoring techniques.A new inversion method of velocity model is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of microseismic location,and the objective function for solving stratified velocity model is constructed as well.Mine-ground joint microseismic monitoring system is arranged in a certain mine in Shaanxi Province.By using the method of calibration blasting,it is verified that the positioning accuracy of the horizontal stratified velocity model is obviously higher than that of the near horizontal single velocity model.Horizontal stratified velocity model is adopted to locate microseismic events with higher accuracy in the monitored area.With the theory of mine pressure in view,the characteristics of the distribution of abutment pressure in stope and the frequency and the energy of microseismic events are examined.The results show that:in normal mining process,the range of lead abutment pressure affected by mining movement is 0～90 m in front of the working face,and the range of 40～70 m ahead of the working face is a high stress concentration area with the influenced range of the lateral abutment pressure on the upper and lower roadways being 0～70 m and 0～80 m respectively.The results provide a reference to the application of microseismic monitoring technology in the field of mine engineering.
In order to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of abutment pressure distribution in coal stope,a study is made of the abutment pressure of stope using microseismic monitoring techniques.A new inversion method of velocity model is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of microseismic location,and the objective function for solving stratified velocity model is constructed as well.Mine-ground joint microseismic monitoring system is arranged in a certain mine in Shaanxi Province.By using the method of calibration blasting,it is verified that the positioning accuracy of the horizontal stratified velocity model is obviously higher than that of the near horizontal single velocity model.Horizontal stratified velocity model is adopted to locate microseismic events with higher accuracy in the monitored area.With the theory of mine pressure in view,the characteristics of the distribution of abutment pressure in stope and the frequency and the energy of microseismic events are examined.The results show that:in normal mining process,the range of lead abutment pressure affected by mining movement is 0～90 m in front of the working face,and the range of 40～70 m ahead of the working face is a high stress concentration area with the influenced range of the lateral abutment pressure on the upper and lower roadways being 0～70 m and 0～80 m respectively.The results provide a reference to the application of microseismic monitoring technology in the field of mine engineering.
引文
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[3] 姜福兴,马其华.深部长壁工作面动态支承压力极值点的求解[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(3):273-275.JIANG Fu-xing,MA Qi-hua.Mechanical solution of the maximum point of dynamic abutment pressure under deep long-wall working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(3):273-275.
[4] 史红,姜福兴.充分采动阶段覆岩多层空间结构支承压力研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):605-609.SHI Hong,JIANG Fu-xing.The dynamic abutment pressure rule of overlying strata spatial structures at the phases sub-critical mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(5):605-609.
[5] 司荣军,王春秋,谭云亮.采场支承压力分布规律的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(2):351-354.SI Rong-jun,WANG Chun-qiu,TAN Yun-liang.Numerical simulation of abutment pressure distribution laws of working faces[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(2):351-354.
[6] 赵鹏,谢凌志,熊伦.无煤柱开采条件下煤岩体支承压力的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2029-2034.ZHAO Peng,XIE Ling-zhi,XIONG Lun.Numerical simulation of abutment pressure in coal for non-pillar mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2029-2034.
[7] 任艳芳,宁宇.浅埋煤层长壁开采超前支承压力变化特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S1):38-42.REN Yan-fang,NING Yu.Changing feature of advancing abutment pressure in shallow long wall working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S1),38-42.
[8] 柴敬,袁强,张丁丁,等.基于光纤Bragg光栅的采动支承压力分布试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2016,36(2):163-170.CHAI Jing,YUAN Qiang,ZHANG Ding-ding,et al.Experimental study on mining-induced abutment pressure distribution pattern based on FBG sensor[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(2):163-170.
[9] 柴敬,王丰年,张丁丁,等.巨厚砾岩层下采场支承压力分布的理论及试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2018,38(1):43-50.CHAI Jing,WANG Feng-nian,ZHANG Ding-ding,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on inclined abutment pressure distribution of working face under the supper thick conglomerate layer[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2018,38(1):43-50.
[10] 李英强,袁瑞甫.复杂地质条件下炮采工作面超前支承压力的研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(1):16-19.LI Ying-qiang,YUAN Rui-fu.Advancing abutment pressure in blasting mining face under complicated geological conditions[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(1):16-19.
[11] 夏永学,蓝航,毛德兵,等.基于微震监测的超前支承压力分布特征研究[J].中国矿业大学报,2011,40(6):868-873.XIA Yong-xue,LAN Hang,MAO De-bing,et al.Study of the lead abutment pressure distribution base on microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(6):868-873.
[12] 孔令海.煤矿采场围岩微震事件与支承压力分布关系[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):525-531.KONG Ling-hai.Relationship between microseismic events and abutment pressure distribution in coal mining[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):525-531.
[13] 王德超,王琦,李术才,等.基于微震和应力在线监测的深井综放采场支承压力分布特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):382-388.WANG De-chao,WANG Qi,LI Shu-cai,et al.Stress distribution characteristics of deep mine in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face based on microseismic and online stress monitoring system[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):382-388.
[14] 刘超,李树刚,薛俊华,等.基于微震监测的采空区覆岩高位裂隙体识别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(4):709-716.LIU Chao,LI Shu-gang,XUE Jun-hua,et al.Identification method of high fractured body for overlying strata in goaf based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(4):709-716.
[15] 李树刚,成小雨,刘超,等.低透煤层采空区覆岩高位瓦斯富集区微震探测及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):61-66.LI Shu-gang,CHENG Xiao-yu,LIU Chao,et al.Microseisms detection and application of high-level gas enrichment region in overlying strata of goaf under low-permeability coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):61-66.
[16] 李志梁,李树刚,林海飞,等.基于声发射特征的覆岩采动裂隙演化规律研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(2):159-163.LI Zhi-liang,LI Shu-gang,LIN Hai-fei,et al.Study of the dynamic evolution rules of mining fracture based on acoustic emission technique[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(2):159-163.
[17] 何树生,周宏伟,王超圣,等.北山花岗岩区微震事件的Fisher判别模型[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(4):65-71.HE Shu-sheng,ZHOU Hong-wei,WANG Chao-sheng,et al.Fisher discriminant analysis model for microseismic events of Beishan granite area[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(4):65-71.
[18] 李会义,姜福兴,杨淑华.基于Matlab的岩层微地震破裂定位求解及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):154-158.LI Hui-yi,JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua.Research and application of microseismic monitoring location of strata fracturing based on Matlab[J].Journal of China Coal Society 2006,31(2):154 158.
[19] Niewiadomski J.Application of singular value decomposition method for location of seismic events in mines[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics Pageoph,1989,129(3-4):553-570.
[20] 郭亮,戴峰,徐奴文,等.基于MSFM的复杂速度岩体微震定位研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):394-406.GUO Liang,DAI Feng,XU Nu-wen,et al.Research on MSFM-based microseismic source location of rock mass with complex velocities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(2):394-406.
[21] Collins D S,Pettitt W S,Young R P.High resolution mechanics of a microearthquake sequence[J].Pure Applied Geophysics,2002,159(1-3):197-219.
[22] 巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.煤矿矿震定位中异向波速模型的构建与求解[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1757-1763.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,MA Xiao-ping,et al.Study on the construction and solution technique of anisotropic velocity model in the location of coal mine tremor[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2012,55(5):1757-1763.
[23] 贾宝新,赵培,姜明,等.非均匀介质条件下矿震震波三维转播模型构建及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):365-369.JIA Bao-xin,ZHAO Pei,JIANG Ming,et al.Three-dimensional propagation building in heterogeneous medium of mine earthquake shock wave and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):364-370.
[24] 戴峰,郭亮,徐奴文,等.基于异向波速模型的微震定位改进[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3292-3301.DAI Feng,GUO Liang,XU Nu-wen,et al.Improvement of microseismic location based on an anisotropic velocity model[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2016,59(9):3292-3301.
[2] 谢广祥,杨科,刘全明.综放面倾向煤柱支承压力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):545-549.XIE Guang-xiang,YANG Ke,LIU Quan-ming.Study on distribution laws of stress in inclined coal pillar for fully-mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):545-549.
[3] 姜福兴,马其华.深部长壁工作面动态支承压力极值点的求解[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(3):273-275.JIANG Fu-xing,MA Qi-hua.Mechanical solution of the maximum point of dynamic abutment pressure under deep long-wall working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(3):273-275.
[4] 史红,姜福兴.充分采动阶段覆岩多层空间结构支承压力研究[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):605-609.SHI Hong,JIANG Fu-xing.The dynamic abutment pressure rule of overlying strata spatial structures at the phases sub-critical mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(5):605-609.
[5] 司荣军,王春秋,谭云亮.采场支承压力分布规律的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(2):351-354.SI Rong-jun,WANG Chun-qiu,TAN Yun-liang.Numerical simulation of abutment pressure distribution laws of working faces[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(2):351-354.
[6] 赵鹏,谢凌志,熊伦.无煤柱开采条件下煤岩体支承压力的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2029-2034.ZHAO Peng,XIE Ling-zhi,XIONG Lun.Numerical simulation of abutment pressure in coal for non-pillar mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2029-2034.
[7] 任艳芳,宁宇.浅埋煤层长壁开采超前支承压力变化特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S1):38-42.REN Yan-fang,NING Yu.Changing feature of advancing abutment pressure in shallow long wall working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S1),38-42.
[8] 柴敬,袁强,张丁丁,等.基于光纤Bragg光栅的采动支承压力分布试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2016,36(2):163-170.CHAI Jing,YUAN Qiang,ZHANG Ding-ding,et al.Experimental study on mining-induced abutment pressure distribution pattern based on FBG sensor[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(2):163-170.
[9] 柴敬,王丰年,张丁丁,等.巨厚砾岩层下采场支承压力分布的理论及试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2018,38(1):43-50.CHAI Jing,WANG Feng-nian,ZHANG Ding-ding,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on inclined abutment pressure distribution of working face under the supper thick conglomerate layer[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2018,38(1):43-50.
[10] 李英强,袁瑞甫.复杂地质条件下炮采工作面超前支承压力的研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(1):16-19.LI Ying-qiang,YUAN Rui-fu.Advancing abutment pressure in blasting mining face under complicated geological conditions[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(1):16-19.
[11] 夏永学,蓝航,毛德兵,等.基于微震监测的超前支承压力分布特征研究[J].中国矿业大学报,2011,40(6):868-873.XIA Yong-xue,LAN Hang,MAO De-bing,et al.Study of the lead abutment pressure distribution base on microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(6):868-873.
[12] 孔令海.煤矿采场围岩微震事件与支承压力分布关系[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):525-531.KONG Ling-hai.Relationship between microseismic events and abutment pressure distribution in coal mining[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):525-531.
[13] 王德超,王琦,李术才,等.基于微震和应力在线监测的深井综放采场支承压力分布特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):382-388.WANG De-chao,WANG Qi,LI Shu-cai,et al.Stress distribution characteristics of deep mine in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face based on microseismic and online stress monitoring system[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):382-388.
[14] 刘超,李树刚,薛俊华,等.基于微震监测的采空区覆岩高位裂隙体识别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(4):709-716.LIU Chao,LI Shu-gang,XUE Jun-hua,et al.Identification method of high fractured body for overlying strata in goaf based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(4):709-716.
[15] 李树刚,成小雨,刘超,等.低透煤层采空区覆岩高位瓦斯富集区微震探测及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):61-66.LI Shu-gang,CHENG Xiao-yu,LIU Chao,et al.Microseisms detection and application of high-level gas enrichment region in overlying strata of goaf under low-permeability coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):61-66.
[16] 李志梁,李树刚,林海飞,等.基于声发射特征的覆岩采动裂隙演化规律研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(2):159-163.LI Zhi-liang,LI Shu-gang,LIN Hai-fei,et al.Study of the dynamic evolution rules of mining fracture based on acoustic emission technique[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(2):159-163.
[17] 何树生,周宏伟,王超圣,等.北山花岗岩区微震事件的Fisher判别模型[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(4):65-71.HE Shu-sheng,ZHOU Hong-wei,WANG Chao-sheng,et al.Fisher discriminant analysis model for microseismic events of Beishan granite area[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(4):65-71.
[18] 李会义,姜福兴,杨淑华.基于Matlab的岩层微地震破裂定位求解及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):154-158.LI Hui-yi,JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua.Research and application of microseismic monitoring location of strata fracturing based on Matlab[J].Journal of China Coal Society 2006,31(2):154 158.
[19] Niewiadomski J.Application of singular value decomposition method for location of seismic events in mines[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics Pageoph,1989,129(3-4):553-570.
[20] 郭亮,戴峰,徐奴文,等.基于MSFM的复杂速度岩体微震定位研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):394-406.GUO Liang,DAI Feng,XU Nu-wen,et al.Research on MSFM-based microseismic source location of rock mass with complex velocities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(2):394-406.
[21] Collins D S,Pettitt W S,Young R P.High resolution mechanics of a microearthquake sequence[J].Pure Applied Geophysics,2002,159(1-3):197-219.
[22] 巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.煤矿矿震定位中异向波速模型的构建与求解[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1757-1763.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,MA Xiao-ping,et al.Study on the construction and solution technique of anisotropic velocity model in the location of coal mine tremor[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2012,55(5):1757-1763.
[23] 贾宝新,赵培,姜明,等.非均匀介质条件下矿震震波三维转播模型构建及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):365-369.JIA Bao-xin,ZHAO Pei,JIANG Ming,et al.Three-dimensional propagation building in heterogeneous medium of mine earthquake shock wave and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):364-370.
[24] 戴峰,郭亮,徐奴文,等.基于异向波速模型的微震定位改进[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3292-3301.DAI Feng,GUO Liang,XU Nu-wen,et al.Improvement of microseismic location based on an anisotropic velocity model[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2016,59(9):3292-3301.