协同激励创造与转化的职务发明制度重构研究——兼论《专利法》第6条的修改
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摘要
以某大学为代表的"职务成果混合所有制改革"和《〈专利法〉修正案(草案)》对职务发明制度的修改,试图通过权利归属的重构促进职务发明转化。从鼓励创造说、财产分配说发展形成的职务发明制度理论——利益平衡说,强调发明人与社会利益平衡。以此为基础进一步发展形成的"新利益平衡说",强调以鼓励创造为职务发明制度的价值本源,区分职务发明创新与转化的源流关系;关注单位与发明人等权利人间以及权利使用人和社会权益间平衡,以鼓励创造与转化协同为价值目标。本文认为职务发明制度再改革和《专利法》第6条职务发明制度修改应当依照新利益平衡理论,协同激励创造与转化,配置位阶明晰的权利归属、权能行使、权益分享,并完善相应的规则体系。
Based on the modification of"Mixed-Ownership Reform of Principalship Invention"and"The Amendment of the Patent Law( Draft) "of one university,this paper aim to accelerate the service invention and its transformation through reorganization of right ascription. The Interest Balance Theory—Service Invention System Theory,derived from Creation-Encourage Theory and Property Allocation Theory,emphasizes the balance between the interests of inventors and society. On the foundation of the Interest Balance Theory,the new Interest Balance Theory is formulated,which emphasizes the origin of value of service invention system by encouraging invention,and distinguishes the relation between service invention-creation and transformation. The theory focuses on the balance between the enterprise and inventors, as well as between user and social rights, with the goal of value to encourage creation and transformation. Therefore,reforming Service Invention System and amending the 6 thclause of Patent Law should be based on the new Interest Balance Theory,which coordinates to encourage invention and transformation,and sets a system of right attribution,right exercise and profit sharing with clearly legal hierarchy and improves corresponding system of rules
Based on the modification of"Mixed-Ownership Reform of Principalship Invention"and"The Amendment of the Patent Law( Draft) "of one university,this paper aim to accelerate the service invention and its transformation through reorganization of right ascription. The Interest Balance Theory—Service Invention System Theory,derived from Creation-Encourage Theory and Property Allocation Theory,emphasizes the balance between the interests of inventors and society. On the foundation of the Interest Balance Theory,the new Interest Balance Theory is formulated,which emphasizes the origin of value of service invention system by encouraging invention,and distinguishes the relation between service invention-creation and transformation. The theory focuses on the balance between the enterprise and inventors, as well as between user and social rights, with the goal of value to encourage creation and transformation. Therefore,reforming Service Invention System and amending the 6 thclause of Patent Law should be based on the new Interest Balance Theory,which coordinates to encourage invention and transformation,and sets a system of right attribution,right exercise and profit sharing with clearly legal hierarchy and improves corresponding system of rules
引文
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[18]陶鑫良.职务发明性质之约定和职务发明报酬及奖励——我国专利法第四次修订中有关职务发明若干问题的讨论[J].知识产权,2016(3):3-13.
[2]唐素琴,赵瑞欢.我国职务发明创造权利归属状况的实证分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2014(8):158-161.
[3]国家发改委.中国科技成果转化率仅10%[EB/OL].[2013-12-21].http://www. cnkeji. org/sj. aspsortid=40&id=1770h.
[4]李琛.知识产权法基本功能之重解[J].知识产权,2014(7):3-9.
[5]崔国斌.专利法原理与案例[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:488-489.
[6]刘春田.知识产权作为第一财产权利是民法学上的一个发现[J].知识产权,2015(10):3-9.
[7]谢在全.民法物权论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999:3.
[8]何敏.新“人本理念”与职务发明专利制度的完善[J].法学,2012(9):65-74.
[9]冯晓青.知识产权法的利益平衡原则:法理学考察[J].南都学坛(人社版),2008(2):88-96.
[10]冯晓青.专利法利益平衡机制之探讨[J].郑州大学学报(哲社版),2005(3):58-62.
[11]贺化.加快知识产权领域改革激发全社会创新活力[J].求是,2016(9):43.
[12]刘鑫.职务发明权利归属的立法变革与制度安排——兼评《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第6条[J].法学杂志,2018(2):132-140.
[13]张颖露,刘华.日本职务发明激励制度研究[J].中国科技论坛,2014(7):149-154.
[14]万志前,朱照照.论职务科技成果转化利益分配的约定优先原则[J].华中农业大学学报(社科版),2017(3):124-131.
[15]张宗任.职务发明的权利归属和报酬问题研究[J].知识产权,2014(10):72-75.
[16]李富成.构建明智简约的添附制度新体系[J].河北法学,2005(8):26-30.
[17]黄武双.美国技术创新与技术转让激励政策解读[M].北京:法律出版社,2016:174.
[18]陶鑫良.职务发明性质之约定和职务发明报酬及奖励——我国专利法第四次修订中有关职务发明若干问题的讨论[J].知识产权,2016(3):3-13.