中国碳交易市场启动对地区碳排放效率的影响
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摘要
在碳排放交易背景下,中国碳排放效率的趋势变动成为政府重点关注的目标,科学考察我国碳排放效率水平,分析碳交易试点启动对低碳发展是否具有促进作用具有重要的理论价值和明确的现实意义。基于投入产出的生产函数思想,本文利用三阶段DEA模型对碳交易市场建立前后的中国碳排放效率进行评价并排序,并利用收敛性原理对中国各省区碳排放效率的差异进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)碳交易市场启动对碳排放效率有一定的提升作用,中国碳交易试点地区碳排放效率排名均保持不变或有所上升。(2)从全国平均水平来看,中国各省区碳排放效率较低是由于纯技术效率引起的,技术效率应用程度还处于中低端状态,改善空间很大。(3)从全国整体效果来看,广东省一直处于生产前沿面上,碳排放效率最高,而宁夏、青海和陕西省稳居后三名。(4)中国碳排放效率水平还存在一定的改进空间,而在纯技术效率水平上需要改进的空间更大。(5)碳交易试点建立前,中国各省区的碳排放效率差距在逐渐缩小,试点交易市场建立后,差距逐渐增大。(6)城市化程度会拉大省区之间的碳排放效率差距,不利于碳排放效率的收敛。本文研究结论显示,我国需要坚持完善全国碳交易市场,借鉴试点经验,加强内部监管,形成严格有效的交易制度;不断调整地区间的差距,加强合作,由发达地区带动落后地区,促进全国统筹发展;优化产业结构,促进低碳绿色发展机制,扩大清洁能源的使用范围。
As the world's largest carbon emitter,China has adopted carbon emissions trading as an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. In the context of carbon emissions trading,the trend of China's carbon emission efficiency has become the government's key target,scientifically examining China's carbon emission efficiency level and analyzing whether the initiation of carbon trading pilots has a positive theoretical value and clear realistic meaning for promoting low-carbon development.Based on the input-output production function idea,this paper used the three-stage DEA model to evaluate and rank China's carbon emission efficiency before and after the carbon trading market is established,and used the convergence principle to analyze the differences in carbon emission efficiency among provinces in China. The results of the study showed that:(1)The start of the carbon trading market had a certain effect on the carbon emission efficiency. The carbon emission efficiency rankings in China's carbon trading pilot areas remained unchanged or increased.(2)From the perspective of the national average level,the low carbon emission efficiency of China's provinces was caused by the pure technical efficiency. The application degree of technical efficiency was still at the middle and low level,and there is much room for improvement.(3)From the overall national effect,Guangdong Province had been on the production frontier and had the highest carbon emission efficiency. Ningxia,Qinghai and Shaanxi were stable in the last three places.(4)There was still room for improvement in China's carbon emission efficiency level,and there was more room for improvement in pure technical efficiency level.(5)Before the pilot carbon trading system was established,China's carbon emission efficiency gap between provinces was gradually narrowed,and after the pilot trading market was established,the gap gradually increased.(6) The degree of urbanization would widen the carbon emission efficiency gap between provinces,which was not conducive to the convergence of carbon emission efficiency. This paper drew conclusions that China needs to persist in improving the national carbon trading market,learn from the pilot experience,strengthen internal supervision,and form a strict and effective trading system; constantly adjust the gaps between regions, strengthen cooperation, promote the backward regions by developed regions, and promote the overall development of the country; optimize the industrial structure,promote the development mechanism of low-carbon green,and expand the use of clean energy.
As the world's largest carbon emitter,China has adopted carbon emissions trading as an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. In the context of carbon emissions trading,the trend of China's carbon emission efficiency has become the government's key target,scientifically examining China's carbon emission efficiency level and analyzing whether the initiation of carbon trading pilots has a positive theoretical value and clear realistic meaning for promoting low-carbon development.Based on the input-output production function idea,this paper used the three-stage DEA model to evaluate and rank China's carbon emission efficiency before and after the carbon trading market is established,and used the convergence principle to analyze the differences in carbon emission efficiency among provinces in China. The results of the study showed that:(1)The start of the carbon trading market had a certain effect on the carbon emission efficiency. The carbon emission efficiency rankings in China's carbon trading pilot areas remained unchanged or increased.(2)From the perspective of the national average level,the low carbon emission efficiency of China's provinces was caused by the pure technical efficiency. The application degree of technical efficiency was still at the middle and low level,and there is much room for improvement.(3)From the overall national effect,Guangdong Province had been on the production frontier and had the highest carbon emission efficiency. Ningxia,Qinghai and Shaanxi were stable in the last three places.(4)There was still room for improvement in China's carbon emission efficiency level,and there was more room for improvement in pure technical efficiency level.(5)Before the pilot carbon trading system was established,China's carbon emission efficiency gap between provinces was gradually narrowed,and after the pilot trading market was established,the gap gradually increased.(6) The degree of urbanization would widen the carbon emission efficiency gap between provinces,which was not conducive to the convergence of carbon emission efficiency. This paper drew conclusions that China needs to persist in improving the national carbon trading market,learn from the pilot experience,strengthen internal supervision,and form a strict and effective trading system; constantly adjust the gaps between regions, strengthen cooperation, promote the backward regions by developed regions, and promote the overall development of the country; optimize the industrial structure,promote the development mechanism of low-carbon green,and expand the use of clean energy.
引文
[1]宋杰鲲,梁璐璐,牛丹平.中国省域碳排放权分配——基于环境FCAM[J].技术经济,2017(10):100-106.
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[11]冯冬,李健.京津冀区域城市二氧化碳排放效率及减排潜力研究[J].资源科学,2017(5):176-184.
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[13]张金灿,仲伟周.基于随机前沿的我国省域碳排放效率和全要素生产率研究[J].软科学,2015(6):109-113.
[14]崔玮,苗建军,邹伟.武汉城市圈土地利用空间关联的碳排放效率及其收敛性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016(12):1824-1831.
[15]瞿小松,邓翔,余子楠.全球碳排放交易及其效率——基于一个动态CGE模型的实证分析[J].财经科学,2017(4):99-107.
[16]周杰琦,韩颖,张莹.外资进入、环境管制与中国碳排放效率:理论与经验证据[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):55-67.
[17]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952—2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.
[2]周正骏.国内外碳排放权交易价格影响因素比较研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.
[3]高凌雨.我国碳排放权交易市场发展研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2013.
[4]WANG Q W,ZHOU P,ZHOU D Q. Efficiency measurement with carbon dioxide emissions:the case of China[J]. Applied energy,2012,90(1):161-166.
[5]ZHAO Y,ZHAO L L,BIAN Y W. Measuring regional efficiency of energy and carbon dioxide emissions in China:a chance constrained DEA approach[J]. Computers&operations research,2016,66:351-361.
[6]ZHAO X G,WU L,LI A. Research on the efficiency of carbon trading market in China[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2017,79:1-8.
[7]LIN B Q,DU K R. Date for:modeling the dynamics of carbon emission performance in China:a parametric Malmquist Index approach[J]. Energy economics,2015,49:550-557.
[8]DUMAN Y S,KASMAN A. Environmental technical efficiency in EU member and candidate countries:a parametric hyperbolic distance function approach[J]. Energy,2018,147:297-307.
[9]相天东.我国区域碳排放效率与全要素生产率研究——基于三阶段DEA模型[J].经济经纬,2017(1):20-25.
[10]王婷婷.基于博弈关系与碳排放约束的中国省际能源效率评价[J].软科学,2016(3):93-97.
[11]冯冬,李健.京津冀区域城市二氧化碳排放效率及减排潜力研究[J].资源科学,2017(5):176-184.
[12]周健.省际碳排放经济效率的TOPSIS评价分析[J].统计与决策,2011(21):81-84.
[13]张金灿,仲伟周.基于随机前沿的我国省域碳排放效率和全要素生产率研究[J].软科学,2015(6):109-113.
[14]崔玮,苗建军,邹伟.武汉城市圈土地利用空间关联的碳排放效率及其收敛性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016(12):1824-1831.
[15]瞿小松,邓翔,余子楠.全球碳排放交易及其效率——基于一个动态CGE模型的实证分析[J].财经科学,2017(4):99-107.
[16]周杰琦,韩颖,张莹.外资进入、环境管制与中国碳排放效率:理论与经验证据[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):55-67.
[17]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952—2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.