凉山州HIV/AIDS患者的社会支持现状及影响因素研究
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摘要
目的了解凉山州艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)的社会支持现状进行调查,并探索社会支持的相关影响因素,以期为干预措施制订提供参考。方法两阶段抽样法抽取322名研究对象,采用自制一般资料、简体中文版医疗社会支持量表及家庭关怀度指数测评表进行问卷调查。结果凉山州PLWHA社会支持总分为46. 09(32. 49,61. 59)分,较其它地区患者水平低。各维度得分高低依次为:实际性支持为56. 25(29. 69,75. 00)分;情感性支持为50. 00(33. 33,75. 00)分;社会互动性合作为46. 88 (31. 25,56. 25)分;讯息与情绪性支持为43. 75(25. 00,56. 25)分。多重线性逐步回归分析,结果显示年龄越大的PLWHA的社会支持水平越低(β=-1. 997,P=0. 037);独居患者比非独居患者社会支持水平低(β=8. 127,P=0. 008);家庭功能满意度越高的患者社会支持水平越高(β=13. 809,P <0. 001)。结论凉山州PLWHA的社会支持现状较差,亟待改善。同时需要加强对老人和独居者等特殊人群关怀,且医务人员应帮助患者建立全面的家庭支持系统。
Objective To assess the social support of PLWHA in Liangshan and explore the associated factors. Methods A total of PLWHA 322 was selected by two-stage sampling. The questionnaire consisted of basic characteristics,simplified Chinese medical outcomes study social support survey and family concern index questionnaire. Results The social support score of PLWHA was 46. 09( 32. 49,61. 59) in Liangshan,which was lower than other regions of China. Scores of four dimensions were listed as follows: tangible support 56. 25( 29. 69,75. 00),affectionate support 50. 00( 33. 33,75. 00),positive social interaction 46. 88( 31. 25,56. 25),informational and emotional support 43. 75( 25. 00,56. 25). Multiple stepwise regression analysis suggested that the older PLWHA had lower sores of the social support( β =-1. 997,P = 0. 037); PLWHA who were living alone got lower sores of the social support( β = 8. 127,P = 0. 008); PLWHA who were more satisfied with family function was associated with higher scores of social support( β = 13. 809,P < 0. 001). Conclusions The status of social support among PLWHA was poor in Liangshan,which needed urgent improvement. Meanwhile,PLWHA who were older and living alone needed special attention. Health care workers should help PLWHA build a comprehensive family support system.
Objective To assess the social support of PLWHA in Liangshan and explore the associated factors. Methods A total of PLWHA 322 was selected by two-stage sampling. The questionnaire consisted of basic characteristics,simplified Chinese medical outcomes study social support survey and family concern index questionnaire. Results The social support score of PLWHA was 46. 09( 32. 49,61. 59) in Liangshan,which was lower than other regions of China. Scores of four dimensions were listed as follows: tangible support 56. 25( 29. 69,75. 00),affectionate support 50. 00( 33. 33,75. 00),positive social interaction 46. 88( 31. 25,56. 25),informational and emotional support 43. 75( 25. 00,56. 25). Multiple stepwise regression analysis suggested that the older PLWHA had lower sores of the social support( β =-1. 997,P = 0. 037); PLWHA who were living alone got lower sores of the social support( β = 8. 127,P = 0. 008); PLWHA who were more satisfied with family function was associated with higher scores of social support( β = 13. 809,P < 0. 001). Conclusions The status of social support among PLWHA was poor in Liangshan,which needed urgent improvement. Meanwhile,PLWHA who were older and living alone needed special attention. Health care workers should help PLWHA build a comprehensive family support system.
引文
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[15]姚慧洁,王辉,朱小珍,等.上海市HIV感染者和AIDS患者社会支持情况研究[J].职业与健康,2014,30(12):1624-1630.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2014.12.039.Yao HJ,Wang H,Zhu XZ,et al.Study on social support status of HIV/AIDS patients in Shanghai City[J].Occup and Health,2014,30(12):1624-1630.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2014.12.039.
[16]周建波,甄森,朱坤,等.经性途径感染的HIV/AIDS病人的社会支持现状及影响因素分析[J].中国艾滋病性病,2018,24(5):512-513,517.DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.05.22.Zhou JB,Zhen S,Zhu K,et al.The status and associated factors of social support among HIV/AIDS patients who were infected by sexual transmission[J].Chin J AIDS STD,2018,24(5):512-513,517.DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.05.22.
[2]陈敬芳.艾滋病患者社会支持与服药依从性的相关性研究[D].广州:南方医科大学,2014.Chen JF.Study on correlation between social supports and medication compliance of patients with AIDS[D].Guangzhou:Southern Medical University,2014.
[3]Cameron A.The influence of social support in the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS in Winnipeg,Manitoba,Canada[D].Winnipeg:University of Manitoba,2016.
[4]Ashton E,Vosvick M,Chesney M,et al.Social support and maladaptive coping as predictors of the change in physical health symptoms among persons living with HIV/AIDS[J].AIDS Patient Care STDs,2005,19(9):587-598.
[5]周瑾,成浩,须凡帆,等.无锡市HIV感染者/AIDS患者心理健康状况和社会支持分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,20(12):1265-1269.DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.12.019.Zhou J,Chen H,Xu FF,et al.The psychological and social support status of people living with HIV/AIDS in Wuxi[J].Chin JDis Control Prev,2016,20(12):1265-1269.DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.12.019.
[6]Cunha GH,Galvao MTG.Effect of social support in the lives of adults with HIV/AIDS[J].Care Online,2016,8(3):4833-4840.DOI:https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i3.4833-4840.
[7]Ashton E,Vosvick M,Chesney M,et al.Social support and maladaptive coping as predictors of the change in physical health symptoms among persons living with HIV/AIDS[J].AIDS Patient Care STDs,2005,19(9):587-597.
[8]黎欢.医疗社会支持量表简体中文版在艾滋病患者中的心理测量学评定及应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.Li H.Psychometric measurement of the simplified Chinese medical outcomes study social support survey(MOS-SSS-C)and its application in HIV/AIDS patients[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.
[9]张作记.行为医学量表手册[M].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2005,513.Zhang ZJ.Manual of behavioral medical scale[M].Beijing:Chinese Medical Multimedia Press,2005:513.
[10]李真.HIV/AIDS患者感知歧视现状调查及影响因素研究[D].北京:北京协和医学院,2016.Li Z.The level and influencing factors of perceived HIV stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS[D].Beijing:Peking Union Medical College,2016.
[11]鲍美娟,董宁,张林,等.HIV感染者抑郁和社会支持的调查分析[J].护理研究,2015,29(2):471-473.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6493.2015.04.028.Bao MJ,Dong N,Zhang L,et al.Survey and analysis of depression and social support of people infected with HIV[J].Chinese Nursing Research,2015,29(2):471-473.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6493.2015.04.028.
[12]Marino P,Simoni JM,Silverstein LB,et al.Peer support to promote medication adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS:The benefits to peers[J].Soc Work Health Care,2007,45(1):67-80.
[13]刘永艳.艾滋病感染者/患者社会支持及影响因素研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.Liu YY.Research on social support and influential factors of HIV/AIDS patients[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2010.
[14]杨永光,梁淑英,刘阳,等.随访干预对HIV/AIDS患者社会支持及服药依从性的影响[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,20(12):1270-1273.DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.12.020.Yang YG,Liang SY,Liu Y,et al.Influence of follow-up intervention on social support and medication compliance for HIV/AIDS patients[J].Chin J Dis Control Prev,2016,20(12):1270-1273.DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.12.020.
[15]姚慧洁,王辉,朱小珍,等.上海市HIV感染者和AIDS患者社会支持情况研究[J].职业与健康,2014,30(12):1624-1630.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2014.12.039.Yao HJ,Wang H,Zhu XZ,et al.Study on social support status of HIV/AIDS patients in Shanghai City[J].Occup and Health,2014,30(12):1624-1630.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2014.12.039.
[16]周建波,甄森,朱坤,等.经性途径感染的HIV/AIDS病人的社会支持现状及影响因素分析[J].中国艾滋病性病,2018,24(5):512-513,517.DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.05.22.Zhou JB,Zhen S,Zhu K,et al.The status and associated factors of social support among HIV/AIDS patients who were infected by sexual transmission[J].Chin J AIDS STD,2018,24(5):512-513,517.DOI:10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2018.05.22.