模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田温室气体排放的影响
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摘要
农田生态系统是温室气体的重要排放源,研究酸雨对水稻田温室气体排放及其综合增温潜势的影响,对我国酸雨背景下农田生态系统固碳减排具有重要的现实意义.本文以福州平原水稻田为研究区,通过模拟酸雨探讨其对水稻田CO_2、CH_4和N_2O排放通量及其综合增温潜势的影响.结果表明:模拟酸雨并未显著改变早、晚稻田CO_2、CH_4和N_2O排放的季节变化规律,但降低了其排放通量.与对照组相比,pH=4.5酸雨作用下,早稻田CO_2、CH_4和N_2O平均排放通量依次降低11.54%、133.33%和22.22%,晚稻田CO_2和N_2O平均排放通量依次降低39.53%、156.00%,而CH_4平均排放通量与对照组差异不显著;pH=3.5酸雨作用下,早稻田CO_2、CH_4和N_2O平均排放通量分别降低10.82%、75.00%、54.00%,晚稻田平均排放通量分别降低17.32%、20.00%和197.67%.综合增温潜势表明,CO_2的增温潜势显著高于CH_4和N_2O,是稻田生态系统中温室效应的主要温室气体,在pH=4.5和pH=3.5的酸雨作用下,早、晚稻田生态系统温室气体综合增温潜势均降低.
Agricultural ecosystem is a main emission source of greenhouse gases. It is important to study the effects of acid rain on greenhouse gases emissions and their comprehensive warming potential for understanding the carbon sequestration and reduction in agricultural ecosystem. The early and late rice paddy in Fuzhou plain were taken as the study area,and the variations of CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions and their comprehensive warming potential after acid rain were discussed. The results showed that simulated acid rain did not significantly change the patterns of seasonal variation of CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions in early and late rice field,but reduced their emissions. Compared with the control group,acid rain with pH = 4.5 reduced CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 11.54%,133.33% and 22.22% in the early rice paddy,while reduced CO_2 and CH_4emissions by 39.53% and 156.00% in the late rice paddy. On the other hand,acid rain with pH = 3.5 decreased CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 10.82%,75.00% and 54.00% in early rice paddy,and by17.32%,20.00% and 197.67% in late rice paddy. As the global warming potential of CO_2 were obviously higher than that of CH_4 and N_2O,CO_2 was the dominant gas of greenhouse effect in the paddy field,and the comprehensive global warming potentials of greenhouse gases were decreased both in early and late rice paddy after acid rain.
Agricultural ecosystem is a main emission source of greenhouse gases. It is important to study the effects of acid rain on greenhouse gases emissions and their comprehensive warming potential for understanding the carbon sequestration and reduction in agricultural ecosystem. The early and late rice paddy in Fuzhou plain were taken as the study area,and the variations of CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions and their comprehensive warming potential after acid rain were discussed. The results showed that simulated acid rain did not significantly change the patterns of seasonal variation of CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions in early and late rice field,but reduced their emissions. Compared with the control group,acid rain with pH = 4.5 reduced CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 11.54%,133.33% and 22.22% in the early rice paddy,while reduced CO_2 and CH_4emissions by 39.53% and 156.00% in the late rice paddy. On the other hand,acid rain with pH = 3.5 decreased CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 10.82%,75.00% and 54.00% in early rice paddy,and by17.32%,20.00% and 197.67% in late rice paddy. As the global warming potential of CO_2 were obviously higher than that of CH_4 and N_2O,CO_2 was the dominant gas of greenhouse effect in the paddy field,and the comprehensive global warming potentials of greenhouse gases were decreased both in early and late rice paddy after acid rain.
引文
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李艳春,王义祥,王成己,等.2013.福建省农业源甲烷排放估算及其特征分析[J].生态环境学报,22(6):942-947
梁骏,麦博儒,郑有飞,等.2008.模拟酸雨对油菜(Brassica napus L.)生长,产量及品质的影响[J].生态学报,28(1):274-283
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刘源月,江洪,李雅红,等.2011.模拟酸雨对亚热带阔叶树苗土壤呼吸的影响[J].土壤学报,48(3):563-569
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欧阳学军,周国逸,黄忠良,等.2005.土壤酸化对温室气体排放影响的培育实验研究[J].中国环境科学,25(4):465-470
彭世彰,杨士红,丁加丽,等.2009.农田土壤N2O排放的主要影响因素及减排措施研究进展[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,37(1):1-6
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齐玉春,董云社.2000.农业微环境对土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,8(1):45-48
齐泽民,王玄德,宋光煜.2004.酸雨对植物影响的研究进展[J].世界科技研究与发展,26(2):36-41
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Reddy K R,De Laune R D.2008.Biogeochemistry of Wetlands:Science and Applications[M].America,Florida:CRC Press
Robertson G P.1989.Nitrification and denitrification in humid tropical ecosystems:potential controls on nitrogen retention[J].Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forest and Savanna Ecosystems,9:55-69
Rolston D E.1986.Gas Flux//Klute A.Methods of Soil Analysis,Part 1(2nd edtion).Agronomy Monograph 9[M].Madison,WI:ASA and SSSA.1103-1119
Schütz H,Holzapfel-Pschorn A,Conrad R,et al.1989.A 3-year continuous record on the influence of daytime,season,and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddy[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres(1984-2012),94(D13):16405-16416
单运峰,冯宗炜,陈楚莹.1989.模拟酸雨对七种森林植物生物量的影响[J].生态学报,9(3):274-276
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仝川,鄂焱,廖稷,等.2011.闽江河口潮汐沼泽湿地CO2排放通量特征[J].环境科学学报,31(12):2830-2840
Wang J,Zhang M,Xiong Z,et al.2011.Effects of biochar addition on N2Oand CO2emissions from two paddy soils[J].Biology and Fertility o Soils,47(8):887-896
Wang Z,Delaune R D,Lindau C W,et al.1992.Methane production from anaerobic soil amended with rice straw and nitrogen fertilizers[J].Fertilizer Research,33(2):115-121
Watson A,Nedwell D B.1998.Methane production and emission from peat:the influence of anions(sulphate,nitrate)from acid rain[J].Atmospheric Environment,32(19):3239-3245
肖胜生,董云社,齐玉春,等.2010.内蒙古温带草原羊草叶片功能特性与光合特征对外源氮输入的响应[J].环境科学学报,30(12):2535-2543
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张素玲.2001.p H变化对土壤中N2O释放的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学
张徐源,闫文德,郑威,等.2012.氮沉降对湿地松林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国农学通报,28(22):5-10
张云海,何念鹏,张光明,等.2013.氮沉降强度和频率对羊草叶绿素含量的影响[J].生态学报,33(21):6786-6794
郑凤英,彭少麟,李跃林.2002.CO2浓度升高对植物-土壤系统地下部分碳流通的影响[J].生态学杂志,21(3):57-60
郑秋萍,王宏,陈彬彬,等.2014.1992~2012年福州市和厦门市酸雨变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,35(10):3644-3650
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Bruinsma J.2003.World Agriculture:Towards 2015/2030:An FAOPerspective[M].Earthscan:Earthscan Publications Ltd
陈彬彬,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2016.福建省区域酸雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,32(4):70-76
陈平平,周娟,李艳芳,等.2015.酸化土壤对晚稻根系生理特性与氮素利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,30(6):188-194
陈世亮.2009.福州南台岛地热前景浅析[J].福建地质,28(4):310-314
陈中云,闵航,陈美慈,等.2001.不同水稻土甲烷氧化菌和产甲烷菌数量与甲烷排放量之间相关性的研究[J].生态学报,21(9):1498-1505
Chidthaisong A,Conrad R.2000.Turnover of glucose and acetate coupled to reduction of nitrate,ferric iron and sulfate and to methanogenesis in anoxic rice field soil[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,31(1):73-86
Craft C,Clough J,Ehman J,et al.2009.Forecasting the effects of accelerated sea‐level rise on tidal marsh ecosystem services[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,7(2):73-78
丁维新,蔡祖聪.2003.温度对甲烷产生和氧化的影响[J].应用生态学报,14(4):604-608
Frey S D,Knorr M,Parrent J L,et al.2004.Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,196(1):159-171
Gauci V,Dise N B,Howell G,et al.2008.Suppression of rice methane emission by sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,113(G3),DOI:10.1029/2007JG000501
Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,et al.2000.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations[J].Biogeochemistry,48(1):115-146
胡敏杰,邹芳芳,任鹏,等.2016.河口潮滩湿地CH4、CO2排放通量对氮硫负荷增强的响应[J].环境科学学报,36(4):1359-1368
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].America,New York:Cambridge University Press
Jiang C,Yu G,Fang H,et al.2010.Short-term effect of increasing nitrogen deposition on CO2,CH4and N2O fluxes in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(24):2920-2926
Khan T I,Devpura S.2004.Physiological and biochemical effects of simulated acid rain on phaseolus vulgaris var.HUR-15[J].Environmentalist,24(4):223-226
李艳春,王义祥,王成己,等.2013.福建省农业源甲烷排放估算及其特征分析[J].生态环境学报,22(6):942-947
梁骏,麦博儒,郑有飞,等.2008.模拟酸雨对油菜(Brassica napus L.)生长,产量及品质的影响[J].生态学报,28(1):274-283
梁巍,岳进,吴劼,等.2003.微生物生物量C、土壤呼吸的季节性变化与黑土稻田甲烷排放[J].应用生态学报,14(12):2278-2280
刘源月,江洪,李雅红,等.2011.模拟酸雨对亚热带阔叶树苗土壤呼吸的影响[J].土壤学报,48(3):563-569
柳铮铮,曾从盛,钟春棋,等.2008.酸沉降对泥炭地甲烷排放和碳循环的影响[J].生态学杂志,27(10):1799-1805
Luo M,Zeng C S,Tong C,et al.2014.Abundance and speciation of iron across a subtropical tidal marsh of the Min River Estuary in the East China Sea[J].Applied Geochemistry,45:1-13
Min K,Kang H,Lee D.2011.Effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on carbon mineralization in wetland soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(12):2461-2469
欧阳学军,周国逸,黄忠良,等.2005.土壤酸化对温室气体排放影响的培育实验研究[J].中国环境科学,25(4):465-470
彭世彰,杨士红,丁加丽,等.2009.农田土壤N2O排放的主要影响因素及减排措施研究进展[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,37(1):1-6
Persson T,Lundkvist H,Wirén A,et al.1989.Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,45(1/2):77-96
齐玉春,董云社.2000.农业微环境对土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,8(1):45-48
齐泽民,王玄德,宋光煜.2004.酸雨对植物影响的研究进展[J].世界科技研究与发展,26(2):36-41
秦大河.2014.IPCC第五次评估报告第一工作组报告的亮点结论[J].气候变化研究进展,10(1):1-6
Reddy K R,De Laune R D.2008.Biogeochemistry of Wetlands:Science and Applications[M].America,Florida:CRC Press
Robertson G P.1989.Nitrification and denitrification in humid tropical ecosystems:potential controls on nitrogen retention[J].Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forest and Savanna Ecosystems,9:55-69
Rolston D E.1986.Gas Flux//Klute A.Methods of Soil Analysis,Part 1(2nd edtion).Agronomy Monograph 9[M].Madison,WI:ASA and SSSA.1103-1119
Schütz H,Holzapfel-Pschorn A,Conrad R,et al.1989.A 3-year continuous record on the influence of daytime,season,and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddy[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres(1984-2012),94(D13):16405-16416
单运峰,冯宗炜,陈楚莹.1989.模拟酸雨对七种森林植物生物量的影响[J].生态学报,9(3):274-276
Smith K A,Ball T,Conen F,et al.2003.Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere:interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes[J].European Journal of Soil Science,54(4):779-791
Smith P,Martino D,Cai Z,et al.2008.Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,363(1492):789-813
孙启祥,张建锋,Franz Makeschin.2006.不同土地利用方式土壤化学性状与酶学指标分析[J].水土保持学报,20(4):98-101
仝川,鄂焱,廖稷,等.2011.闽江河口潮汐沼泽湿地CO2排放通量特征[J].环境科学学报,31(12):2830-2840
Wang J,Zhang M,Xiong Z,et al.2011.Effects of biochar addition on N2Oand CO2emissions from two paddy soils[J].Biology and Fertility o Soils,47(8):887-896
Wang Z,Delaune R D,Lindau C W,et al.1992.Methane production from anaerobic soil amended with rice straw and nitrogen fertilizers[J].Fertilizer Research,33(2):115-121
Watson A,Nedwell D B.1998.Methane production and emission from peat:the influence of anions(sulphate,nitrate)from acid rain[J].Atmospheric Environment,32(19):3239-3245
肖胜生,董云社,齐玉春,等.2010.内蒙古温带草原羊草叶片功能特性与光合特征对外源氮输入的响应[J].环境科学学报,30(12):2535-2543
谢军飞,李玉娥.2002.农田土壤温室气体排放机理与影响因素研究进展[J].中国农业气象,23(4):47-52
徐华,蔡祖聪.2008.水稻土CH4产生潜力及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,45(1):98-104
Yagi K,Minami K.1990.Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fields[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,36(4):599-610
张素玲.2001.p H变化对土壤中N2O释放的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学
张徐源,闫文德,郑威,等.2012.氮沉降对湿地松林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国农学通报,28(22):5-10
张云海,何念鹏,张光明,等.2013.氮沉降强度和频率对羊草叶绿素含量的影响[J].生态学报,33(21):6786-6794
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