离子液体回收循环利用的研究进展与趋势
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摘要
离子液体是完全由阴阳离子组成的绿色可设计溶剂。因为其稳定性好、极低挥发性及独特的物理化学性质,使其在诸多领域具有巨大的应用潜力,近年来已成为研究热点。由于离子液体相对昂贵的生产成本,随着应用规模及范围的逐渐扩大,如何高效回收循环利用离子液体受到极大关注,成为离子液体产业化必须要解决的难题之一。本文概述了近年来在离子液体回收应用方面的研究进展,重点探讨了利用蒸馏、萃取、膜分离、吸附分离以及相分离等方法回收离子液体存在的优势及不足。分析表明,离子液体的回收和循环利用将极大促进离子液体产业的发展,但目前的规模仍然偏小且多处于研发阶段,在此基础了提出了未来拟重点开发的回收利用技术及发展趋势。
Ionic liquids(ILs), comprised entirely of cations and anions, are classified as property-tunable and green solvents. Due to their special properties, such as high thermal stability, low volatility, as well as outstanding physical and chemical nature, ILs have shown great application prospects in many fields and become a research hotspot in recent years. However, the inevitable loss during the use of ILs and theproblem of relatively high cost, the recycling and reuse of ILs have drawn great attentions with the scalingup of the ionic liquid-based technologies. Before the large-scale industrial application of ILs, the problemof IL recycling must be solved. This review aims to introduce methods of recycling ionic liquids, whichhave been investigated widely in recent years. We mainly discussed five methods applied in recycling andreuse of ILs, i. e. distillation, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption and phase separation. Theadvantages and disadvantages were summarized and analyzed. The results indicated that the recycling andreuse of ILs will greatly enlarge the application range of ILs, while there are still some other challenges need to be resolved. For example, the recycling scale is yet small and the methods reported in the literature are still in their infancy stage. Finally, the review puts forward the future research direction for recycling and reuse of ILs.
Ionic liquids(ILs), comprised entirely of cations and anions, are classified as property-tunable and green solvents. Due to their special properties, such as high thermal stability, low volatility, as well as outstanding physical and chemical nature, ILs have shown great application prospects in many fields and become a research hotspot in recent years. However, the inevitable loss during the use of ILs and theproblem of relatively high cost, the recycling and reuse of ILs have drawn great attentions with the scalingup of the ionic liquid-based technologies. Before the large-scale industrial application of ILs, the problemof IL recycling must be solved. This review aims to introduce methods of recycling ionic liquids, whichhave been investigated widely in recent years. We mainly discussed five methods applied in recycling andreuse of ILs, i. e. distillation, extraction, membrane separation, adsorption and phase separation. Theadvantages and disadvantages were summarized and analyzed. The results indicated that the recycling andreuse of ILs will greatly enlarge the application range of ILs, while there are still some other challenges need to be resolved. For example, the recycling scale is yet small and the methods reported in the literature are still in their infancy stage. Finally, the review puts forward the future research direction for recycling and reuse of ILs.
引文
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[2] SEDDON K R, ROGERS R D. Ionic liquids-solvents of the future?[J]. Science, 2003, 302(5646):792-793.
[3]张晓春,张锁江,左勇,等.离子液体的制备及应用[J].化学进展, 2010, 22(7):1499-1508.ZHANG Xiaochun, ZHANG Suojiang, ZUO Yong, et al.Preparation and application of ionic liquids[J]. Progress inChemistry, 2010, 22(7):1499-1508.
[4] PLECHKOVA N V, SEDDON K R. Applications of ionic liquidsin the chemical industry[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2008, 37(1):123-150.
[5]张锁江,刘晓敏,姚晓倩,等.离子液体的前沿,进展及应用[J].中国科学(化学), 2009, 39(10):1134-1144.ZHANG Suojiang, LIU Xiaomin, YAO Xiaoqian, et al. Frontiers,progresses and applications of ionic liquids[J]. Science in China(Chemistry), 2009, 39(10):1134-1144.
[6]李雪辉,李帅,王芙蓉,等.离子液体工业化面临的几个问题[J].广州化工, 2006, 34(3):5-6.LI Xuehui, LI Shuai, WANG Furong, et al. Some issues about theindustrialization of ionic liquids[J]. Guangzhou ChemicalIndustry, 2006, 34(3):5-6.
[7] ZENG S J, GAO H S, ZHANG X C, et al. Efficient and reversiblecapture of SO2by pyridinium-based ionic liquids[J]. Chem. Eng.J., 2014, 251(1):248-256.
[8] ZENG S J, HE H Y, GAO H S, et al. Improving SO2capture bytuning functional groups on the cation of pyridinium-based ionicliquids[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(4):2470-2478.
[9] ABU-EISHAH S I. Ionic liquids recycling for reuse[M]. London:InTech Open Access Publisher, 2011.
[10] HUANG K L, WU R,CAO Y, et al. recycling and reuse of ionicliquid in homogeneous cellulose acetylation[J]. Chinese Journal ofChemical Engineering, 2013, 21(5):577-584.
[11] MAASE M, MASSONNE K. Method for the production of purified1,3-substitutedimidazoliumsalts:US20060149074[P].2006-07-06.
[12] EARLE M J, SEDDON K R. Preparation of imidazole carbenesand the use thereof for the synthesis of ionic liquids:WO/2001/077081[P]. 2001-04-05.
[13] JEAPES A J, THIED R C, SEDDON K R, et al. Process forrecycling ionic liquids:WO/2001/015175[P]. 2001-03-01.
[14] EARLE M J, ESPERAN?A J M S S, GILEA M A, et al. Thedistillation and volatility of ionic liquids[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7078):831-834.
[15]刘欢,魏晓奕,李积华,等.离子液体回收的研究进展[J].纤维素科学与技术, 2013, 21(2):63-69.LIU Huan, WEI Xiaoyi, LI Jihua, et al. Review of ionic liquidsrecycling[J]. Journal of Cellulose Science and Technology, 2013,21(2):63-69.
[16] MAI N L, AHN K, KOO Y M. Methods for recovery of ionic liquids—A review[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2014, 49(5):872-881.
[17]洪朝阳.一种采用活性炭进行纺丝离子液体回收的方法:CN103147169A[P]. 2013-06-12.HONG Chaoyang. A method of ionic liquids recycling by activatedcarbon:CN103147169A[P]. 2013-06-12.
[18]王薇,程博闻,杜启云.纳滤技术回收纺丝废水中的离子液体[J].工业水处理, 2009, 29(12):56-58.WANG Wei, CHEN Bowen, DU Qiyun. Recovery of ionic liquidfrom spinning wastewater by nano-filtration technology[J].Industrial Water Treatment, 2009, 29(12):56-58.
[19]李杨,孙淑英,王强,等.[Cn MIM]BF4型离子液体水洗反萃取回收方法的研究[J].石油炼制与化工, 2013, 44(6):31-34.LI Yang, SUN Shuying, WANG Qiang, et al. Study on regenationof ionic liquids by reverse extraction with water[J]. PetroleumProcessing and Petrochemicals, 2013, 44(6):31-34.
[20]王建龙,赵地顺,周二鹏,等.吡啶类离子液体在汽油萃取脱硫中的应用研究[J].燃料化学学报, 2007, 35(3):293-296.WANG Jianlong, ZHAO Dishun, ZHOU E P, et al. Desulfurizationof gasoline by extraction with N-alkyl-pyridinium-basedionicliquids[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2007, 35(3):293-296.
[21] VALDéS VERGARA M A, LIJANOVA I V, LIKHANOVA N V,et al. Recycling and recovery of ammonium-based ionic liquidsafter extraction of metal cations from aqueous solutions[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2015, 155:110-117.
[22] BLANCHARD L A, HANCU D, BECKMAN E J, et al. Greenprocessing using ionic liquids and CO2[J]. Nature, 1999, 399(6731):28-29.
[23] BLANCHARD L A, BRENNECKE J F. Recovery of organicproducts from ionic liquids using supercritical carbon dioxide[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2001, 40(1):287-292.
[24] BRENNECKE J F. New applications of supercritical fluids[J].Chemistry and Industry, 1996, 21:831-834.
[25] KESKIN S, KAYRAK-TALAY D, AKMAN U, et al. A review ofionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications[J]. TheJournal of Supercritical Fluids, 2007, 43(1):150-180.
[26] PERRUT M. Supercritical fluid applications:industrialdevelopments and economic issues[J]. Industrial&EngineeringChemistry Research, 2000, 39(12):4531-4535.
[27] WU B, LIU W W, ZHANG Y M, et al. Do we understand therecyclability of ionic liquids?[J]. Chemistry A:European Journal,2009, 15(8):1804-1810.
[28] HAERENS K, VAN DEUREN S, MATTHIJS E, et al. Challengesfor recycling ionic liquids by using pressure driven membrane processes[J]. Green Chemistry, 2010, 12(12):2182-2188.
[29] SCH?FER T, RODRIGUES C M, AFONSO C A M, et al.Selective recovery of solutes from ionic liquids by pervaporation—a novel approach for purification and green processing[J].Chemical Communications, 2001(17):1622-1623.
[30] KR?CKEL J, KRAGL U. Nanofiltration for the separation ofnonvolatile products from solutions containing ionic liquids[J].Chemical Engineering&Technology, 2003, 26(11):1166-1168.
[31] HAN S, WONG H T, LIVINGSTON A G. Application of organicsolvent nanofiltration to separation of ionic liquids and productsfrom ionic liquid mediated reactions[J]. Chemical EngineeringResearch and Design, 2005, 83(3):309-316.
[32] WANG J, LUO J, ZHANG X, et al. Concentration of ionic liquidsby nanofiltration for recycling:filtration behavior and modeling[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2016, 165:18-26.
[33] ABELS C, REDEPENNING C, MOLL A, et al. Simple purificationof ionic liquid solvents by nanofiltration in biorefining oflignocellulosic substrates[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012,405:1-10.
[34] GAN Q, XUE M, ROONEY D. A study of fluid properties andmicrofiltration characteristics of room temperature ionic liquids[C10-min][NTf2] and N8881[NTf2] and their polar solvent mixtures[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2006, 51(2):185-192.
[35] WANG X, NIE Y, ZHANG X, et al. Recovery of ionic liquids fromdilute aqueous solutions by electrodialysis[J]. Desalination, 2012,285:205-212.
[36] WU B, ZHANG Y M, WANG H P. Non-equilibriumthermodynamic analysis of transport properties in thenanofiltration of ionic liquid-water solutions[J]. Molecules, 2009,14(5):1781-1788.
[37] PALOMAR J, LEMUS J, GILARRANZ M A, et al. Adsorption ofionic liquids from aqueous effluents by activated carbon[J].Carbon, 2009, 47(7):1846-1856.
[38] FAROOQ A, REINERT L, LEVêQUE J M, et al. Adsorption ofionic liquids onto activated carbons:effect of pH and temperature[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2012, 158:55-63.
[39]安小宁,朱小娟.活性炭吸附离子液体[BMIM]Cl的研究[J].现代食品科技, 2009, 25(11):1239-1242.AN Xiaoning, ZHU Xiaojuan. Adsorption of ionic liquid[BMIM]Clby activated carbons[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology,2009, 25(11):1239-1242.
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