基于分布式模型模拟的茶树种植适宜性区划
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摘要
茶树种植适宜性区划研究可为浙江茶产业良好发展和优化布局提供理论依据。从气候、土壤、地形3类影响因子中选出10个因子对浙江省的茶树种植适宜性进行区划研究。其中,气候因子5个,分别为年平均气温、≥10℃活动积温、年降雨量、生长季平均相对湿度和年日照时数,这5个因子通过主成分分析筛选确定;土壤因子2个,即:土壤质地和土壤p H值;地形因子3个,即:海拔高度、坡度和坡向。考虑到浙江省地形复杂多样的实际情况,对所有气候因子采用分布式模型实现其空间分布精细化模拟。利用层次分析法确定各因子权重系数,采用加权求和法建立茶树种植综合区划评估模型。结合各种因子适宜性等级量化指标,最终获得茶树种植适宜性综合评价得分的空间分布。基于土地利用现状,屏蔽水域、城镇居民用地等不适宜种植区,将浙江分为适宜、较适宜和不适宜3个种植区。结果表明,浙江茶树种植各指标适宜性以气候适宜性最佳,地形适宜性次之,土壤适宜性最差。浙江茶树适宜区占参评面积(除去屏蔽区域)的45.51%,该区海拔、热量等自然资源充分满足茶树生长;较适宜区占47.05%,该区主要分布在平原地带或中高海拔地区;不适宜区占7.44%,主要分布在高山区,热量资源不足。
The suitability regionalization of tea trees cultivation can provide theoretical basis for better development and the optimal distribution of tea industry in Zhejiang Province. Ten factors selected in three kinds of influencing factors such as climate,soil and terrain are used to research the suitability regionalization of tea trees cultivation in Zhejiang Province. Among the ten factors,five climate factors determined by principal components analysis are the annual mean temperature,the annual accumulated temperature above 10 ℃,the annual precipitation,the mean relative humidity in 4—10 months and the annual sunshine duration,respectively,two soil factors are soil texture and the soil p H value,and three terrain factors are altitude,slope and aspect. Considering the actual situation of the complex terrain inZhejiang Province,the distributed models are adopted to realize the fine simulation of the spatial distribution for all climate factors. Analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight coefficient of each factor and the weighted summation method is adopted to establish the regionalization assessment model of tea trees planting. Combining with the quantitative indicators of suitability grades of all factors,and eventually the spatial distribution of suitability evaluation score is achieved. Based on the present situation of land use,shielding water areas and urban residents,where are not suitable for tea trees,Zhejiang Province into three classes including suitable,sub-suitable and unsuitable regions. Results show that the climate suitability of tea trees cultivation in Zhejiang Province is divided is best,following by terrain suitability,and soil suitability is worst. In addition,the suitable regions account for 45. 51% of the eligible area. The natural resources like altitude and heat fully meet the growth of tea trees in this region. The subsuitable regions account for 47. 05% and were mainly distributed in the plains or middle or high elevation areas. The unsuitable regions account for 7. 44% and were mainly distributed in the high mountains areas where the resource of heat is insufficient.
The suitability regionalization of tea trees cultivation can provide theoretical basis for better development and the optimal distribution of tea industry in Zhejiang Province. Ten factors selected in three kinds of influencing factors such as climate,soil and terrain are used to research the suitability regionalization of tea trees cultivation in Zhejiang Province. Among the ten factors,five climate factors determined by principal components analysis are the annual mean temperature,the annual accumulated temperature above 10 ℃,the annual precipitation,the mean relative humidity in 4—10 months and the annual sunshine duration,respectively,two soil factors are soil texture and the soil p H value,and three terrain factors are altitude,slope and aspect. Considering the actual situation of the complex terrain inZhejiang Province,the distributed models are adopted to realize the fine simulation of the spatial distribution for all climate factors. Analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight coefficient of each factor and the weighted summation method is adopted to establish the regionalization assessment model of tea trees planting. Combining with the quantitative indicators of suitability grades of all factors,and eventually the spatial distribution of suitability evaluation score is achieved. Based on the present situation of land use,shielding water areas and urban residents,where are not suitable for tea trees,Zhejiang Province into three classes including suitable,sub-suitable and unsuitable regions. Results show that the climate suitability of tea trees cultivation in Zhejiang Province is divided is best,following by terrain suitability,and soil suitability is worst. In addition,the suitable regions account for 45. 51% of the eligible area. The natural resources like altitude and heat fully meet the growth of tea trees in this region. The subsuitable regions account for 47. 05% and were mainly distributed in the plains or middle or high elevation areas. The unsuitable regions account for 7. 44% and were mainly distributed in the high mountains areas where the resource of heat is insufficient.
引文
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[13]潘虹,邱新法,高婷,等.基于TRMM和NCEP-FNL数据的降水估算研究.水土保持研究,2014,21(2):116-122.PAN Hong,QIU Xinfa,GAO Ting,et al.Study on the estimation of precipitation with the data of TRMM and NCEP-FNL.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(in Chinese),2014,21(2):116-122.
[14]曾燕,邱新法,缪启龙,等.起伏地形下我国可照时间的空间分布.自然科学进展,2003,13(5):545-548.ZENG Yan,QIU Xinfa,MIAO Qilong,et al.The spatial distribution of the insolation-duration in China over rugged terrain.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2003,13(5):545-548.
[15]黄寿波.茶树生长的农业气象指标.中国农业气象,1981,2(3):54-58.HUANG Shoubo.The agricultural meteorological indexes of tea trees growth.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology(in Chinese),1981,2(3):54-58.
[2]陈勇.基于GIS的文成县茶树栽培气候区划.广东气象,2013,35(2):36-38.CHEN Yong.Tea plant climate division in Wencheng City based on GIS technology.Guangdong Meteorology(in Chinese),2013,35(2):36-38.
[3]何雨芩,张茂松,黄成兵,等.基于GIS的云南省茶树种植气候适宜性区划.安徽农业科学,2015,43(25):218-221.HE Yucen,ZHANG Maosong,HUANG Chengbing,et al.Study on the climate suitability division of planting tea in Yunnan Province based on GIS.Journal of Anhui Agrcultural Science(in Chinese),2015,43(25):218-221.
[4]陈春艳,甘淑,吕杰.基于GIS的茶园适宜性评价——以宁洱县为例.贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(5):18-21.CHEN Chunyan,GAN Shu,LJie.Land suitability evaluation of tea garden in Ning'er Yunnan Province based on GIS.Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences)(in Chinese),2011,28(5):18-21.
[5]杨洋,何春阳,李晓兵.基于GIS的云南栽培型普洱茶树大规模种植适宜性评价.北京林业大学学报,2010,32(3):33-40.YANG Yang,HE Chunyang,LI Xiaobing.Evaluation of the suitability of large scale plantations of cultivated Puer tea in Yunnan Province based on GIS.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(in Chinese),2010,32(3):33-40.
[6]赵辉,米鸿涛,杜子璇.基于AHP的模糊综合评判在茶叶气候种植区划中的应用.气象科技,2013,41(6):1134-1137.ZHAO Hui,MI Hongtao,DU Zixuan.Application of AHP based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in climate regionalization for tea planting.Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),2013,41(6):1134-1137.
[7]张玮玮.湖北省茶树气候区划及其干旱风险评价[硕士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.ZHANG Weiwei.Climate zoing and drought risk for tea in Hubei Province[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(in Chinese),2011.
[8]张玮玮,申双和,刘敏,等.湖北省茶树种植气候区划.气象科学,2011,31(2):153-159.ZHANG Weiwei,SHEN Shuanghe,LIU Min,et al.Climate division of tea planting in Hubei province.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2011,31(2):153-159.
[9]吴洪颜,陆志刚,肖卉,等.海安县优质弱筋小麦气候区划研究.气象科学,2011,31(S1):94-98.WU Hongyan,LU Zhigang,XIAO Hui,et al.Climate division of high quality wheat with weak fibres in Haian county.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2011,31(S1):94-98.
[10]马力文,叶殿秀,曹宁,等.宁夏枸杞气候区划.气象科学,2009,29(4):546-551.MA Liwen,YE Dianxiu,CAO Ning,et al.A climatic suitable regionalization of Lycium barbaruml in Ningxia.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,29(4):546-551.
[11]邱新法,仇月萍,曾燕.重庆山地月平均气温空间分布模拟研究.地球科学进展,2009,24(6):621-628.QIU Xinfa,QIU Yueping,ZENG Yan.Distributed modeling of monthly mean air temperature of rugged terrain of Chongqing.Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),2009,24(6):621-628.
[12]李梦洁.浙江省山地热量资源分布式模拟[硕士论文].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.LI Mengjie.The simulation of terrain heat resources in Zhejiang Province[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(in Chinese),2008.
[13]潘虹,邱新法,高婷,等.基于TRMM和NCEP-FNL数据的降水估算研究.水土保持研究,2014,21(2):116-122.PAN Hong,QIU Xinfa,GAO Ting,et al.Study on the estimation of precipitation with the data of TRMM and NCEP-FNL.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(in Chinese),2014,21(2):116-122.
[14]曾燕,邱新法,缪启龙,等.起伏地形下我国可照时间的空间分布.自然科学进展,2003,13(5):545-548.ZENG Yan,QIU Xinfa,MIAO Qilong,et al.The spatial distribution of the insolation-duration in China over rugged terrain.Progress in Natural Science(in Chinese),2003,13(5):545-548.
[15]黄寿波.茶树生长的农业气象指标.中国农业气象,1981,2(3):54-58.HUANG Shoubo.The agricultural meteorological indexes of tea trees growth.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology(in Chinese),1981,2(3):54-58.