不同加工方式的鹿茸无机元素含量的比较
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摘要
目的:比较不同加工方式及不同部位的梅花鹿鹿茸无机元素的含量差异,为鹿茸的加工及利用提供理论依据。方法:对样品进行微波消解的前处理,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光分光光度计、紫外-可见分光光度计对不同加工方式的鹿茸蜡片、粉片、纱片部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg共16个元素进行检测。结果:排血茸蜡片、粉片、纱片部位无机元素的总量分别为59.81、268.40、333.76 g·kg~(-1),粉片、纱片部位分别是蜡片部位的4.49倍和5.58倍;带血茸蜡片、粉片、纱片部位无机元素的总量分别为56.45、239.58、323.10 g·kg~(-1),粉片、纱片部位分别是蜡片部位的4.24倍和5.72倍。煮炸茸蜡片、粉片、纱片部位无机元素的总量分别为78.74、278.92、348.37 g·kg~(-1),粉片、纱片部位分别是蜡片部位的3.54倍和4.42倍;冻干茸蜡片、粉片、纱片部位无机元素的含量分别为70.39、232.78、313.11 g·kg~(-1),粉片、纱片部位分别是蜡片部位的3.31倍和4.45倍。结论:元素Ca、P、Mg、Fe、Ni、Co的含量呈现蜡片、粉片、纱片依次增加的趋势,元素K、Na、As及重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg则较多地分布在蜡片部位。同种加工方式的鹿茸无机元素的含量呈现蜡片、粉片、纱片依次升高的趋势,且粉片、纱片部位明显高于蜡片部位。
Objective:To compare the contents of inorganic elements in antlers from different parts and with different processing methods in order to provide a theoretical basis for the processing and utilization of antlers.Methods:Wax slices,power slices and bee slices of antlers with different processing methods were pretreated by microwave digestion.Then the contents of 16 elements including K,Ca,Na,Mg,P,Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co,Cr,Pb,Cd,As and Hg were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) and UV-VIS spectrometry.Results:The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices,bee slices of antlers without blood were 59.81 g·kg~(-1),268.40 g·kg~(-1) and 333.76 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and in bee slices were 4.49 times and 5.58 times of those in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with blood were 56.45 g·kg~(-1),239.58 g·kg~(-1) and 323.10 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 4.24 times and 5.72 times of those in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with boiling processing were 78.74 g·kg~(-1),278.92 g·kg~(-1) and 348.37 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 3.54 times and 4.42 times of those in wax slices.The inorganic elements content in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with freeze-drying processing were 70.39 g·kg~(-1),232.78 g·kg~(-1) and 313.11 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 3.31 times and 4.45 times of those in wax slices.Conclusion:The contents of Ca,Mg,P,Fe,Ni and Co showed a successive increase in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices.The contents of K,Na,As and heavy metals including Cu,Zn,Mn,Cr,Pb,Cd and Hg were mainly distributed in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in different parts of antlers with same processing methods showed a successive increase in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices.And the contents in the powder slices and bee slices were significantly higher than those in wax slices.
Objective:To compare the contents of inorganic elements in antlers from different parts and with different processing methods in order to provide a theoretical basis for the processing and utilization of antlers.Methods:Wax slices,power slices and bee slices of antlers with different processing methods were pretreated by microwave digestion.Then the contents of 16 elements including K,Ca,Na,Mg,P,Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co,Cr,Pb,Cd,As and Hg were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) and UV-VIS spectrometry.Results:The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices,bee slices of antlers without blood were 59.81 g·kg~(-1),268.40 g·kg~(-1) and 333.76 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and in bee slices were 4.49 times and 5.58 times of those in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with blood were 56.45 g·kg~(-1),239.58 g·kg~(-1) and 323.10 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 4.24 times and 5.72 times of those in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with boiling processing were 78.74 g·kg~(-1),278.92 g·kg~(-1) and 348.37 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 3.54 times and 4.42 times of those in wax slices.The inorganic elements content in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices of antlers with freeze-drying processing were 70.39 g·kg~(-1),232.78 g·kg~(-1) and 313.11 g·kg~(-1),respectively.And the contents in powder slices and bee slices were 3.31 times and 4.45 times of those in wax slices.Conclusion:The contents of Ca,Mg,P,Fe,Ni and Co showed a successive increase in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices.The contents of K,Na,As and heavy metals including Cu,Zn,Mn,Cr,Pb,Cd and Hg were mainly distributed in wax slices.The contents of inorganic elements in different parts of antlers with same processing methods showed a successive increase in wax slices,powder slices and bee slices.And the contents in the powder slices and bee slices were significantly higher than those in wax slices.
引文
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[12]ZHOU R,LI SF.In vitro antioxidant analysis and characterisation of antler velvet extract[J].Food Chem,2009,114(4):1321
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[14]郭彩玉,徐力,牛志多,等.鹿茸的组织学研究[J].特产研究,1996(3):18GUO CY,XU L,NIU ZD,et al.The histological research of pilose antler[J].Spec Wild Econ Anim Plant Res,1996(3):18
[15]JEON B,KIM S,LEE S,et al.Effect of antler growth period on the chemical composition of velvet antler in sika deer(Cervus nippon)[J].Mamm Biol,2009,74(5):374
[16]孙红梅,李春义,杨福合,等.鹿茸骨化机制的研究进展[J].草食家畜,2009,33(1):1SUN HM,LI CY,YANG FH,et al.Research progress of ossification mechanisms of antler[J].J Herbivor Anim,2009,33(1):1
[17]ESTEVEZ JA,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,MARTíNEZ A,et al.Antler mineral composition of Iberian red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus is related to mineral profile of diet[J].Acta Theriol,2009,54(3):235
[18]CEACERO F,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,GARCíA AJ,et al.Free-choice mineral consumption in Iberian red deer(Cervus elaphus hispanicus)response to diet deficiencies[J].Livest Sci,2009,122(2):345
[19]CEACERO F,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,GARCíA AJ,et al.Physiological variables explain mineral intake in Iberian red deer[J].Physiol Behav,2010,100(2):122
[2]SUI Z,ZHANG L,HUO Y,et al.Bioactive components of velvet antlers and their pharmacological properties[J].J Pharm Biomed Anal,2014,87(18):229
[3]周冉,李淑芬.RP-HPLC同时快速测定鹿茸中尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、尿苷含量[J].药物分析杂志,2009,29(4):575ZHOU R,LI SF.RP-HPLC simultaneous determination of three biological bases in antler velvet[J].Chin J Pharm Anal,2009,29(4):575
[4]李春义.鹿茸完全再生机制研究进展[J].农业生物技术学报,2017,25(1):1LI CY.Progress in the mechanism underlying full regeneration of mammalian organ deer antlers[J].J Agric Biotechnol,2017,25(1):1
[5]汪树理,孙继红,李晓红,等.东北梅花鹿茸不同部位多糖与无机元素质量分数的差异[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5):58WANG SL,SUN JH,LI XH,et al.Difference in contents of polysaccharide and some inorganic elements in different parts of northeast sika deer velvet[J].J Northeast Forest Univ,2008,36(5):58
[6]董万超,刘春华,赵立波,等.马鹿茸、梅花鹿茸不同部位无机元素含量测定分析[J].特产研究,2004,26(3):32DONG WC,LIU CH,ZHAO LB,et al.Determination and analysis of inorganic element contents of different segments from wapiti and sika deer velvet antler[J].Spec Wild Econ Anim Plant Res,2004,26(3):32
[7]商云帅,刘晗璐,刘继永,等.鹿茸和鹿肉中铅镉汞砷铜五种重金属含量检测分析[J].时珍国医国药,2016,27(3):587SHANG YS,LIU HL,LIU JY,et al.Detection and analysis of five heavy metals in deer velvet and venison[J].Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res,2016,27(3):587
[8]王艳梅.东北梅花鹿茸主要成分系统性比较研究[D].东北林业大学,2004WANG YM.A Systematic Comparative Study of Main Chemical Composition of Northeast Sika Deer(Cervus nippon hortutorum)Velvet[D].Northeast Forest Univ,2004
[9]孟宪贞,程晓薇,陈力强.冷冻干燥法与传统加工法制得的鹿茸化学成分分析及其比较研究[J].中国药房,1997,8(3):110MENG XZ,CHENG XW,CHEN LQ.A comparison of chemieal compositions of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum proeessed by freezedrying method with those by traditional method[J].China Pharm,1997,8(3):110
[10]李和平,王春生.生态养鹿[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011LI HP,WANG CS.Ecological Deer[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011
[11]姜英,商云帅,刘继永.白花延龄草中8种无机营养元素测定分析[J].特产研究,2015,36(4):36JIANG Y,SHANG YS,LIU JY.Analysis of eight kinds of inorganic elements in Trillum kamtschaticum Pall.[J].Spec Wild Econ Anim Plant Res,2015,37(4):36
[12]ZHOU R,LI SF.In vitro antioxidant analysis and characterisation of antler velvet extract[J].Food Chem,2009,114(4):1321
[13]BUDDHACHAT K,KLINHOM S,SIENGDEE P,et al.Elemental analysis of bone,teeth,horn and antler in different animal species using non-invasive handheld X-ray fluorescence[J].Plo S One,2016,11(5):1
[14]郭彩玉,徐力,牛志多,等.鹿茸的组织学研究[J].特产研究,1996(3):18GUO CY,XU L,NIU ZD,et al.The histological research of pilose antler[J].Spec Wild Econ Anim Plant Res,1996(3):18
[15]JEON B,KIM S,LEE S,et al.Effect of antler growth period on the chemical composition of velvet antler in sika deer(Cervus nippon)[J].Mamm Biol,2009,74(5):374
[16]孙红梅,李春义,杨福合,等.鹿茸骨化机制的研究进展[J].草食家畜,2009,33(1):1SUN HM,LI CY,YANG FH,et al.Research progress of ossification mechanisms of antler[J].J Herbivor Anim,2009,33(1):1
[17]ESTEVEZ JA,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,MARTíNEZ A,et al.Antler mineral composition of Iberian red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus is related to mineral profile of diet[J].Acta Theriol,2009,54(3):235
[18]CEACERO F,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,GARCíA AJ,et al.Free-choice mineral consumption in Iberian red deer(Cervus elaphus hispanicus)response to diet deficiencies[J].Livest Sci,2009,122(2):345
[19]CEACERO F,LANDETE-CASTILLEJOS T,GARCíA AJ,et al.Physiological variables explain mineral intake in Iberian red deer[J].Physiol Behav,2010,100(2):122