低温液氢储存的现状及存在问题
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摘要
储氢是氢能发展中的一个重要方面。低温液化储氢由于其储氢密度大、能量密度高等特点,具有很大的优势。首先分析了三种主流储氢方式的优缺点与发展现状,并针对低温液态储氢技术进一步展开,从被动绝热与主动绝热两个方面介绍了当前已广泛应用,以及新发展的绝热技术,指出其各自不足与未来的发展方向。另外还从低温容器设计的角度,对低温液氢容器的结构设计、选材以及安全性保障等方面进行了描述。
Hydrogen storage is one of the most significant problem in hydrogenic energy development. Because of its high storage density and high energy density,cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage has great advantage in hydrogen storage. Firstly,the advantages,disadvantages and development status of three main stream hydrogen storage methods were analyzed. For cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology,widely used,as well as newly developed thermal insulation technology were been introduced from two aspects of passive and active insulation,insufficient and development direction were pointed out. In addition to these,brief description of structural design,material selection and security were given from the perspective of cryogenic containerdesign.
Hydrogen storage is one of the most significant problem in hydrogenic energy development. Because of its high storage density and high energy density,cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage has great advantage in hydrogen storage. Firstly,the advantages,disadvantages and development status of three main stream hydrogen storage methods were analyzed. For cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology,widely used,as well as newly developed thermal insulation technology were been introduced from two aspects of passive and active insulation,insufficient and development direction were pointed out. In addition to these,brief description of structural design,material selection and security were given from the perspective of cryogenic containerdesign.
引文
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[34]李广武,安刚,李娜.低温液体无损储存技术的发展与应用[J].真空与低温,2008,14(3):172-176.
[35]Plachta D,Kittel P.An update to zero boil-off cryogenic propellant storage analysis applied to upper stages or depots in a leo environment[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2003,69(1):1-5.
[36]刘欣,张晓屿.低温推进剂长期在轨蒸发量主动控制技术发展分析[J].深空探测学报,2017,4(3):203-211.
[37]陈国邦.低温工程材料[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1998.
[38]GB 150-1998,钢制压力容器[S].
[39]James R Farr,Maan H Jawad.ASME压力容器设计指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[40]王芳.大型液氢贮罐的结构设计[D].南京:东南大学,2006.
[41]陈崇昆.300 m3液氢运输槽车液氢贮罐的研制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[42]呼日查.安全阀与爆破片的组合应用[J].石油和化工设备,2013(7):64-65.
[43]郑津洋,张俊峰,陈霖新,等.氢安全研究现状[J].安全与环境学报,2016(6):144-152.
[2]姜召,徐杰,方涛.新型有机液体储氢技术现状与展望[C]//中国化工学会2012年年会暨石油补充与替代能源开发利用技术论坛,2012.
[3]高金良,袁泽明,尚宏伟,等.氢储存技术及其储能应用研究进展[J].金属功能材料,2016,23(1):1-11.
[4]付甜甜.丰田燃料电池车Mirai-未来[J].电源技术,2015,39(2):229-230.
[5]Xu W,Yang G,Peng L.Design and simulation of airborne liquid hydrogen tank for unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology,2015.
[6]梁焱,王焱,郭有仪,等.氢动力车用液氢贮罐的发展现状及展望[J].低温工程,2001(5):31-36.
[7]罗连伟,朱艳.储氢材料的研究分析[J].当代化工,2018(1):124-127.
[8]徐烈.我国低温绝热与贮运技术的发展与应用[J].低温工程,2001(02):1-8.
[9]陈国邦,张鹏.低温绝热与传热技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[10]Hastings L J,Hedayat A,Brown T M.Analytical modeling and test correlation of variable density multilayer insulation for cryogenic storage[R].NASA-2004-213175,2004.
[11]Martin J J,Hastings L.Large-scale liquid hydrogen testing of variable density multilayer insulation with a foam substrate[R].NASA/TM-2001-211089,2001.
[12]朱浩唯,黄永华,许奕辉,等.变密度多层绝热的理论分析[J].低温工程,2011(6):42-46.
[13]王莹,厉彦忠,陈鹏玮,等.空间燃料贮箱变密度多层绝热结构传热性能研究[J].低温工程,2016(5):57-63.
[14]王田刚,李延娜,姚淑婷,等.变密度多层绝热最优层密度研究[J].低温与超导,2014,42(7):6-48.
[15]胡伟峰,申麟,彭小波,等.低温推进剂长时间在轨的蒸发量控制关键技术分析[J].低温工程,2011(3):59-66.
[16]Sun X W,Guo Z Y,Huang W.Passive zero-boiloff storage of liquid hydrogen for long-time space missions[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(30):9347-9351.
[17]焦纪强.液化天然气BOG再液化及热值调整研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.
[18]郑正泉.用于MRI零蒸发率液氦容器中的再冷凝器设计[J].低温工程,1994(4):36-38.
[19]Hastings L J,Plachta D W,Salerno L,et al.An overview of NASA efforts on zero boiloff storage of cryogenic propellants[J].Cryogenics,2001,41(11):833-839.
[20]王博杰,耑锐,张亮,等.低温推进剂在轨零蒸发贮存研究进展[J].载人航天,2017,23(2):236-244.
[21]Plachta D W.Hybrid thermal control testing of a cryogenic propellant tank[R].NASA/TM-1999-209389,1999.
[22]Hedayat A,Hastings L J,Bryant C,et al.Large scale demonstration of liquid hydrogen storage with zero boil off[C]//Aip Conference.American Institute of Physics,2002:1276-1283.
[23]Plachta D W.Results of anadvanced development zero boil off cryogenic propellant storage test[R].NASA/TM,2004.
[24]Plachta D W,Christie R J,Carlberg E,et al.Cryogenic propellant boil-off reduction system[C]//Aip Conference.American Institute of Physics,2008:1457-1466.
[25]Feller J R,Plachta D W,Mills G,et al.Demonstration of a cryogenic boil-off reduction system employing an actively cooled thermal radiation shield[J].Georgia Institute of Technology Icc Press,2008.
[26]Plachta D W,Christie R J,Feller J R,et al.Cryogenic boil-off reduction system testing[C]//AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference.2014.
[27]Haberbusch M S,Nguyen C T,Stochl R J,et al.Development of no-vent(TM)liquid hydrogen storage system for space applications[J].Cryogenics,2010,50(9):541-548.
[28]Notardonato W U,Swanger A M,Fesmire J E,et al.Final test results for the ground operations demonstration unit for liquid hydrogen[J].Cryogenics,2017,88:147-155.
[29]Notardonato W U,Swanger A M,Fesmire J E,et al.Zero boil-off methods for large-scale liquid hydrogen tanks using integrated refrigeration and storage[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2017,278(1):012012.
[30]Barsi S,Kassemi M.Investigation of tank pressure control in normal gravity[C]//Aiaa Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition,2013.
[31]Daigle M J,Smelyanskiy V N,Boschee J,et al.Temperature stratification in a cryogenic fuel tank[J].Journal of Thermophysics&Heat Transfer,2014,27(27):116-126.
[32]Barsi S,Kassemi M.Numerical and experimental comparisons of the self-pressurization behavior of an LH2tank in normal gravity[J].Cryogenics,2008,48(3):122-129.
[33]Liu Z,Li Y,Jin Y.Pressurization performance and temperature stratification in cryogenic final stage propellant tank[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:211-220.
[34]李广武,安刚,李娜.低温液体无损储存技术的发展与应用[J].真空与低温,2008,14(3):172-176.
[35]Plachta D,Kittel P.An update to zero boil-off cryogenic propellant storage analysis applied to upper stages or depots in a leo environment[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2003,69(1):1-5.
[36]刘欣,张晓屿.低温推进剂长期在轨蒸发量主动控制技术发展分析[J].深空探测学报,2017,4(3):203-211.
[37]陈国邦.低温工程材料[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1998.
[38]GB 150-1998,钢制压力容器[S].
[39]James R Farr,Maan H Jawad.ASME压力容器设计指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[40]王芳.大型液氢贮罐的结构设计[D].南京:东南大学,2006.
[41]陈崇昆.300 m3液氢运输槽车液氢贮罐的研制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[42]呼日查.安全阀与爆破片的组合应用[J].石油和化工设备,2013(7):64-65.
[43]郑津洋,张俊峰,陈霖新,等.氢安全研究现状[J].安全与环境学报,2016(6):144-152.