塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带超深复杂气田井全生命周期地质工程一体化实践
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摘要
克拉苏构造带天然气总资源量丰富,是塔里木盆地天然气增储上产的主力区块。受强烈造山运动的影响,克拉苏构造带地质工程条件极为复杂,呈现出"一深(垂深7000～8000m)、三高(高温130～190℃、高压116～136MPa、高地应力130～180MPa)、两低(孔隙度4%～8%、渗透率0.01～0.1mD)、两厚(巨厚砾石层5500m、巨厚盐膏层4500m)、一陡(地层倾角87°)"的特征,导致安全、效益勘探开发难度巨大。为了实现克拉苏构造带的优快钻井与改造上产,立足于实践地质工程一体化,建设多学科一体化研究团队,创新一体化工作模式,开展了超深复杂气田提速、提产、提质攻关研究。采用关键层段精准预测、个性化钻头设计、油基钻井液体系研发等手段相结合的方法,实现了全井段安全快速钻井;根据甜点预测、裂缝评价与分类,建立了基于天然裂缝可压裂性的改造提产优选策略;结合地层特点、流体性质、工况条件等因素进行系统屏障设计,确保了井筒质量。经过地质工程一体化实践的不断发展完善,超深井钻井周期从"十二五"期间的336天降至2017年的277天,单井平均增产4～5倍、井完整性完好率不断提升,为克拉苏超深复杂气田井安全效益开发提供了有力的技术保障。
The gas-rich Kelasu structural belt is the primary option for increasing reserves and production in the Tarim Basin. The geological and engineering conditions in the belt are extremely complex as a result of strong orogenic movements, represented by deep burial(VD 7000–8000 m), high temperature(130–190°C), high pressure(116–136 MPa), high in-situ stress(130–180 MPa), low porosity(4%–8%), low permeability(0.01–0.1 mD), thick gravel(5500 m), thick salt-gypsum(4500 m), and large dip angle(87°). These factors bring great challenges to the safe and economical exploration and development. In order to get fast drilling and production, guided by the geologyengineering integration, the multi-disciplinary research team worked in an innovative and integrated manner to figure out the solutions to ultradeep complex gas reservoir development with higher rate, productivity and quality. By combining precise prediction of key zones, customized design of drill bit and oil-based drilling fluid system, the all sections were drilled in a safe and rapid mode. According to sweet spots prediction, fracture evaluation and classifi cation, an optimal fracturing stimulation process was established based on fracturability of natural fractures. Considering formation and fluid properties and working conditions, a system barrier was designed for ensuring wellbore integrity. By virtue of improving geology-engineering integration practices, the drilling period of an ultra-deep well reduced from 336 days during the 12 th FiveYear Plan period to 277 days in 2017, the average single-well productivity increased by 4–5 times, and the well integrity was improved. Thus, the geology-engineering integration is a technical guarantee for safe and economical development of ultra-deep complex gas reservoirs in the Kelasu structural belt.
The gas-rich Kelasu structural belt is the primary option for increasing reserves and production in the Tarim Basin. The geological and engineering conditions in the belt are extremely complex as a result of strong orogenic movements, represented by deep burial(VD 7000–8000 m), high temperature(130–190°C), high pressure(116–136 MPa), high in-situ stress(130–180 MPa), low porosity(4%–8%), low permeability(0.01–0.1 mD), thick gravel(5500 m), thick salt-gypsum(4500 m), and large dip angle(87°). These factors bring great challenges to the safe and economical exploration and development. In order to get fast drilling and production, guided by the geologyengineering integration, the multi-disciplinary research team worked in an innovative and integrated manner to figure out the solutions to ultradeep complex gas reservoir development with higher rate, productivity and quality. By combining precise prediction of key zones, customized design of drill bit and oil-based drilling fluid system, the all sections were drilled in a safe and rapid mode. According to sweet spots prediction, fracture evaluation and classifi cation, an optimal fracturing stimulation process was established based on fracturability of natural fractures. Considering formation and fluid properties and working conditions, a system barrier was designed for ensuring wellbore integrity. By virtue of improving geology-engineering integration practices, the drilling period of an ultra-deep well reduced from 336 days during the 12 th FiveYear Plan period to 277 days in 2017, the average single-well productivity increased by 4–5 times, and the well integrity was improved. Thus, the geology-engineering integration is a technical guarantee for safe and economical development of ultra-deep complex gas reservoirs in the Kelasu structural belt.
引文
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[15]杨向同,郑子君,张杨,于银华,冯觉勇,王振兰,等.地质工程一体化在应力敏感型致密储层产能预测中的应用——以库车西部某区块为例[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):61-74.Yang Xiangtong,Zheng Zijun,Zhang Yang,Yu Yinhua,Feng Jueyong,Wang Zhenlan,et al.Application of geologyengineering integration in productivity prediction for stresssensitive tight reservoir:a case study of block in western Kuqa[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):61-74.
[16]章敬,罗兆,徐明强,江洪,陈仙江,王腾飞,等.新疆油田致密油地质工程一体化实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):12-20.Zhang Jing,Luo Zhao,Xu Mingqiang,Jiang Hong,Chen Xianjiang,Wang Tengfei,et al.Application of geologyengineering integration in development of tight oil in XinJiang oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):12-20.
[2]陈晓智,陈桂华,肖钢,祝彦庆,胡晓兰,祝彦贺.北美TMS页岩油地质评价及勘探有利区预测[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):77-84.Chen Xiaozhi,Chen Guihua,Xiao Gang,Zhu Yanqing,Hu Xiaolan,Zhu Yanhe.Geological evaluation prediction of favorable exploration zones of TMS shale oil in North America[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):77-84.
[3]严向阳,李楠,王腾飞,徐永辉,严俊红,李见,等.美国致密油开发关键技术[J].科技导报,2015,33(9):100-107.Yan Xiangyang,Li Nan,Wang Tengfei,Xu Yonghui,Yan Junhong,Li Jian,et al.Key technologies for tight oil development in US[J].Science&Technology Review,2015,33(9):100-107.
[4]吴奇,胥云,刘玉章,丁云宏,王晓泉,王鹏飞.美国页岩气体积改造技术现状及对我国的启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,32(2):1-7.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Liu Yuzhang,Ding Yunhong,Wang Xiaoquan,Wang Pengfei.The current stimulation of stimulated reservoir volume for shale in U.S.and its inspiration to China[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,32(2):1-7.
[5]胡文瑞.地质工程一体化是实现复杂油气藏效益勘探开发的必由之路[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):1-5.Hu Wenrui.Geology-engineering integration-a necessary way to realize profitable exploration and development of complex reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):1-5.
[6]黄玉珍,黄金亮,葛春梅,程克明,董大忠.技术进步是推动美国页岩气快速发展的关键[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):7-10.Huang Yuzhen,Huang Jinliang,Ge Chunmei,Cheng Keming,Dong Dazhong.A key factor promoting rapid development of shale gas in America:technical progress[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(5):7-10.
[7]王丽忱,田洪亮,甄鉴,雷启鸿.北美致密油开发现状及经济效益分析[J].石油科技论坛,2014,33(5):56-61.Wang Lichen,Tian Hongliang,Zhen Jian,Lei Qihong.Present conditions of tight oil in North America and analysis of economic performance[J].Oil Forum,2014,33(5):56-61.
[8]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,王月然,黄少英,叶茂林,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816-820.Lei Ganglin,Xie Huiwen,Zhang Jingzhou,Wang Yueran,Huang Shaoying,Ye Maolin,et al.Structural features and natural gas exploration in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):816-820.
[9]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,雷刚林,徐丽丽.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):1-6.Neng Yuan,Xie Huiwen,Sun Tairong,Lei Ganglin,Xu Lili.Structural characteristics of Keshen segmentation in Kelasu structural belt and its petroleum significance[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):1-6.
[10]王洪浩,李江海,维波,黄少英,能源.库车克拉苏构造带地下盐岩变形特征分析[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):20-24.Wang Honghao,Li Jianghai,Wei Bo,Huang Shaoying,Neng Yuan.Deformation behavior of underground salt rock in Kuqa Kelasu tectonic zone[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):20-24.
[11]吴奇,梁兴,鲜成钢,李峋.地质-工程一体化高效开发中国南方海相页岩气[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):1-23.Wu Qi,Liang Xing,Xian Chenggang,Li Xun.Geoscienceto-production integration ensures effective and efficient South China marine shale gas development[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):14-23.
[12]滕学清,陈勉,杨沛,李宁,周波.库车前陆盆地超深井全井筒提速技术[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):76-88.Teng Xueqing,Chen Mian,Yang Pei,Li Ning,Zhou Bo.Whole well ROP enhancement technology for super-deep wells in Kuqa foreland basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(1):76-88.
[13]冯虎,徐志强.塔里木油田克深区块致密砂岩气藏的储层改造技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(5):93-96.Feng Hu,Xu Zhiqiang.Reservoir reconstruction technology for tight sandstone gas pool in Keshen block of Tarim oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Techno logy,2014,36(5):93-96.
[14]翁定为,雷群,胥云,李阳,李德旗,王维旭.缝网压裂技术及其现场应用[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):280-284.Weng Dingwei,Lei Qun,Xu Yun,Li Yang,Li Deqi,Wang Weixu.Network fracturing techniques and its application in the field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):280-284.
[15]杨向同,郑子君,张杨,于银华,冯觉勇,王振兰,等.地质工程一体化在应力敏感型致密储层产能预测中的应用——以库车西部某区块为例[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):61-74.Yang Xiangtong,Zheng Zijun,Zhang Yang,Yu Yinhua,Feng Jueyong,Wang Zhenlan,et al.Application of geologyengineering integration in productivity prediction for stresssensitive tight reservoir:a case study of block in western Kuqa[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):61-74.
[16]章敬,罗兆,徐明强,江洪,陈仙江,王腾飞,等.新疆油田致密油地质工程一体化实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):12-20.Zhang Jing,Luo Zhao,Xu Mingqiang,Jiang Hong,Chen Xianjiang,Wang Tengfei,et al.Application of geologyengineering integration in development of tight oil in XinJiang oilfield[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):12-20.