SUV汽车悬架下摆臂有限元分析及结构优化
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摘要
针对汽车悬架系统中的下摆臂运动特性,首先对悬架下摆臂进行了有限元分析,得出其在最大垂直力工况、最大侧向力工况以及最大制动力工况下的应力状态,并以此为基础,以多工况结构加权应变能为目标函数,以下摆臂的体积分数为约束条件,对其进行拓扑优化。其次,根据拓扑优化的结果,对其进行几何重构及改进。再次,以下摆臂质量最小为优化目标,以上下板厚度为设计变量,对改进后的下摆臂结构进行尺寸优化。最终,将优化前后下摆臂的质量、强度、刚度等特性进行对比分析,结果显示,优化后的下摆臂的结构性能都得到满足并且减重效果良好。
The lower arm of the suspension is a crucial part in transmitting forces and leading the direction. Its strength and stiffness are of great significance to the performance of the automobile. According to the movement characteristics of the lower arm, finite element analysis has been firstly applied to it to get the stress states under the three typical and extreme conditions. Based on the finite element analysis, topology optimization for solving the functions in terms of weighted strain energy has been applied to the model with the constraint of volume fraction. Secondly, geometry structure of the lower arm has been reconstructed based on the result of topology optimization. Thirdly, dimensional optimization has been adopted to the modified structure,for minimising the weight of the lower arm. Finally, comparing the characteristics(e.g. weight, strength, rigidity)of the lower arm after and before the optimization, the structural requirements of the optimized arm have been satisfied and the goal of losing weight has been well achieved.
The lower arm of the suspension is a crucial part in transmitting forces and leading the direction. Its strength and stiffness are of great significance to the performance of the automobile. According to the movement characteristics of the lower arm, finite element analysis has been firstly applied to it to get the stress states under the three typical and extreme conditions. Based on the finite element analysis, topology optimization for solving the functions in terms of weighted strain energy has been applied to the model with the constraint of volume fraction. Secondly, geometry structure of the lower arm has been reconstructed based on the result of topology optimization. Thirdly, dimensional optimization has been adopted to the modified structure,for minimising the weight of the lower arm. Finally, comparing the characteristics(e.g. weight, strength, rigidity)of the lower arm after and before the optimization, the structural requirements of the optimized arm have been satisfied and the goal of losing weight has been well achieved.
引文
[1] 黄向东.汽车悬架系统的有限元分析法及其应用[J].中国机械工程,1994,5(1):44-46.
[2] 朱文学,郑惠强,石来德.桑塔纳2000型轿车前悬架结构强度有限元分析[J].汽车技术,1998(11):1-4.
[3] 张海波,张瑞军,常影.基于ANSYS的汽车悬架控制臂有限元分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2014(3):150-151.
[4] Banitalebi Dehkordi H .Vibration and Force Analysis of Lower Arm of Suspension System[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,73:35-40.
[5] Kim S I,Kang S W,Yi Y,et al.Topology Optimization of Vehicle Rear Suspension Mechanisms[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2018,113:1412-1433.
[6] 范文杰,范子杰,苏瑞意.汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008(12):1505-1508.
[7] 张兰春,赵清海,张洪信,等.汽车动力总成悬置支架的多目标拓扑优化[J].汽车工程,2017,39(5):551-555.
[8] 肖光育,吕迅辉,顾成波,等.基于典型工况的汽车下摆臂轻量化设计[J].企业科技与发展,2014(3):17-20.
[9] 扶原放,金达锋.多工况悬架下摆臂结构优化设计方法研究[J].机械设计与制造,2009(8):1-3.
[10] 张志飞,陈仁,徐中明,等.面向多目标的汽车悬架控制臂拓扑优化研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):114-121.
[11] 上官文斌,蒋翠翠,潘孝勇.汽车悬架下横臂的拓扑优化与性能计算[J].汽车工程,2008,30(8):709-712.
[12] 徐中明,陶能发,赖诗洋,等.基于折衷规划法的转向节多目标拓扑优化设计[J].重庆大学学报,2017,40(12):1-7.
[2] 朱文学,郑惠强,石来德.桑塔纳2000型轿车前悬架结构强度有限元分析[J].汽车技术,1998(11):1-4.
[3] 张海波,张瑞军,常影.基于ANSYS的汽车悬架控制臂有限元分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2014(3):150-151.
[4] Banitalebi Dehkordi H .Vibration and Force Analysis of Lower Arm of Suspension System[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,73:35-40.
[5] Kim S I,Kang S W,Yi Y,et al.Topology Optimization of Vehicle Rear Suspension Mechanisms[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2018,113:1412-1433.
[6] 范文杰,范子杰,苏瑞意.汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008(12):1505-1508.
[7] 张兰春,赵清海,张洪信,等.汽车动力总成悬置支架的多目标拓扑优化[J].汽车工程,2017,39(5):551-555.
[8] 肖光育,吕迅辉,顾成波,等.基于典型工况的汽车下摆臂轻量化设计[J].企业科技与发展,2014(3):17-20.
[9] 扶原放,金达锋.多工况悬架下摆臂结构优化设计方法研究[J].机械设计与制造,2009(8):1-3.
[10] 张志飞,陈仁,徐中明,等.面向多目标的汽车悬架控制臂拓扑优化研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):114-121.
[11] 上官文斌,蒋翠翠,潘孝勇.汽车悬架下横臂的拓扑优化与性能计算[J].汽车工程,2008,30(8):709-712.
[12] 徐中明,陶能发,赖诗洋,等.基于折衷规划法的转向节多目标拓扑优化设计[J].重庆大学学报,2017,40(12):1-7.