水中超深大沉井施工期间侧压力现场监测研究
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摘要
以目前世界规模最大沉井基础——沪通大桥29~#沉井的施工为背景,对沉井整个施工过程开展现场监测试验,分析监测数据,得出朗肯静止土压力理论和规范算法与实测数据相比存在较大误差。采用折线分布推算也因侧压力影响因素较多,分布规律复杂,所得结果较差。再分别对沉井下沉和接高施工期间侧压力的大小和分布特性的影响因素进行研究,得出了侧压力在沉井下沉阶段和接高阶段的主要影响因素为沉井倾斜、沉井埋深、外井壁台阶设置和压力松弛影响范围。通过对比分析,对各种因素的产生原因和影响机制进行了说明。在消除沉井倾斜对水中超深大沉井侧压力影响后,确定了侧压力在沉井侧壁上沿深度的分布形式,并建立侧摩阻力计算模型。
On the basis of construction of the No.29 open caisson of Hutong Bridge, which is the largest open caisson in the world,in-site monitoring tests were carried out on the entire process of the open caisson construction. By analyzing the monitoring data, it is concluded that results predicted by Rankine's theory of stationary earth pressure and its normative algorithm are significantly different from the measured data. The result of polyline distribution projection is not satisfactory because there are many influencing factors of lateral pressure and its distribution is complicated. Then, the influencing factors on the size and distribution of lateral pressure during the sinking and subsequent construction of caisson are studied. It is concluded that the main influencing factors of the lateral pressure during the sinking stage and the heightening stage are the slant of caisson, the depth of caisson, the step setting of caisson sidewall and the range of pressure relaxation. The causes and mechanism of various factors are explained based on comparison and analysis.The distribution of lateral pressure along the vertical caisson sidewall and the side frictional resistance calculation model are determined after eliminating the effect of the caisson slant on the lateral pressure of the ultra-deep large and subaqueous open caisson.
On the basis of construction of the No.29 open caisson of Hutong Bridge, which is the largest open caisson in the world,in-site monitoring tests were carried out on the entire process of the open caisson construction. By analyzing the monitoring data, it is concluded that results predicted by Rankine's theory of stationary earth pressure and its normative algorithm are significantly different from the measured data. The result of polyline distribution projection is not satisfactory because there are many influencing factors of lateral pressure and its distribution is complicated. Then, the influencing factors on the size and distribution of lateral pressure during the sinking and subsequent construction of caisson are studied. It is concluded that the main influencing factors of the lateral pressure during the sinking stage and the heightening stage are the slant of caisson, the depth of caisson, the step setting of caisson sidewall and the range of pressure relaxation. The causes and mechanism of various factors are explained based on comparison and analysis.The distribution of lateral pressure along the vertical caisson sidewall and the side frictional resistance calculation model are determined after eliminating the effect of the caisson slant on the lateral pressure of the ultra-deep large and subaqueous open caisson.
引文
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[2]张凤祥,傅德明,张冠军.沉井与沉箱[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.ZHANG Feng-xiang,FU De-ming,ZHANG Guan-jun.Caissons and open caissons[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2002.
[3]张凤祥.沉井沉箱设计、施工及实例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.ZHANG Feng-xiang.Design,construction and examples of caissons and open caissons[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.
[4]段良策,殷奇.沉井设计与施工[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006.DUAN Liang-ce,YIN Qi.Design and construction of caissons[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2006.
[5]高宗余.沪通长江大桥主桥技术特点[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(2):1-5.GAO Zong-yu.Technical characteristics of main bridge of Hutong Changjiang River Bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(2):1-5.
[6]徐力,高宗余,梅新咏.沪通长江大桥公铁合建斜拉桥桥塔基础设计[J].桥梁建设,2015,45(3):7-12.XU Li,GAO Zong-yu,MEI Xin-yong.Design of pylon foundations for rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge of Hutong Changjiang River Bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2015,45(3):7-12.
[7]李军堂.沪通长江大桥主航道桥沉井施工关键技术[J].桥梁建设,2015,45(6):12-17.LI Jun-tang.Key techniques for construction of open caissons of main ship channel bridge of Hutong Changjiang River Bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2015,45(6):12-17.
[8]穆保岗,王岩,朱建民,等.大型沉井实测下沉阻力分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2012,34(增刊1):107-115.MU Bao-gang,WANG Yan,ZHU Jian-min,et al.Analysis of large caisson sinking measured resistance[J].Journal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2012,34(Suppl.1):107-115.
[9]穆保岗,朱建民,牛亚洲.南京长江四桥北锚碇沉井监控方案及成果分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(2):269-274.MU Bao-gang,ZHU Jian-min,NIU Ya-zhou.Monitoring and analysis of north anchorage caisson of Fourth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(2):269-274.
[10]朱建民,龚维明,穆保岗,等.南京长江四桥北锚碇沉井下沉安全监控研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(8):112-117.ZHU Jian-min,GONG Wei-ming,MU Bao-gang,et al.Sinking safety monitoring research on north anchorage caisson of the Forth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(8):112-117.
[11]徐涛,李杨,吴民武,等.向家坝水电站围堰基础沉井施工下沉阻力监测[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(8):92-94.XU Tao,LI Yang,WU Min-wu,et al.Resistance monitoring in construction of caisson foundation of cofferdam of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(8):92-94.
[12]王建,刘杨,张煜.沉井侧壁摩阻力室内试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):659-666.WANG Jian,LIU Yang,ZHANG Yu.Model test on sidewall friction of open caisson[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):659-666.
[13]刘青.沉井结构侧壁土压力分布研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.LIU Qing.Study for the lateral earth pressure of open caisson structure[D].Xi`an:Xi`an University of Architecture and Technology,2010.
[14]赵齐乐.黄土地区沉井井壁与土的相互作用研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.ZHAO Qi-le.The interaction of loess area caisson wall and soil[D].Xi`an:Xi`an University of Architecture and Technology,2012.
[15]李伟雄.基于被动土压力的沉井结构分析[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1341-1345.LI Wei-xiong.Analysis of structure of passive earth pressure on open caisson[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(11):1341-1345.
[16]徐赞云,徐伟.沉井下沉施工土压力和摩擦力分析[J].低温建筑技术,2012(7):107-109.XU Zan-yun,XU Wei.Analysis of earth pressure and friction on sunk open caisson construction[J].Low Temperature Architecture Technology,2012(7):107-109.
[17]刘尚乾.圆形沉井下沉过程的施工力学研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2012.LIU Shang-qian.Study on construction mechanics of circular open caisson sinking process[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2012.
[18]施文龙.沉井基础的空间有限元数值模拟分析[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.SHI Wen-long.The open caisson foundation space finite element numerical simulation analysis[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013.
[19]梁穑稼,徐伟,徐赞云.沉井下沉时土压力和侧壁摩阻力分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(12):1826-1832.LIANG Se-jia,XU Wei,XU Zan-yun.Earth pressure and frictional resistance analysis on open caisson during sinking[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2014,42(12):1826-1832.
[20]TERZAGHI K,PECK R B,MESRI G.Soil mechanics in engineering practice[M].3rd ed.[S.l.]:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1995.
[21]TOMLINSON M J.Foundation design and construction[M].[S.l.]:Prentice Hall,2001.