推采陷落柱工作面覆岩异常破坏规律研究
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摘要
穿煤层不充水陷落柱赋存的覆岩在工作面推采陷落柱影响下会发生异常破坏,易形成顶板突水危害。为研究该类工作面覆岩的异常破坏规律,以经坊煤矿为工程背景,充分考虑陷落柱的形成及围岩地质特征构建了陷落柱-围岩裂隙模型,并在此基础上运用理论分析、相似模拟和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了推采陷落柱工作面覆岩异常破坏规律。结果表明:覆岩中存在陷落柱围岩裂隙场和采动裂隙场,其裂隙分布各具特点;采动影响下,裂隙场发生耦合的同时陷落柱围岩裂隙场又产生新的变化,两者的综合作用使覆岩破坏呈现出新特点,工作面覆岩在陷落柱周围形成集中破坏,柱边新生的离层裂隙和纵向断裂裂隙可与两类裂隙场的裂隙相贯通,柱顶新生两类裂隙可相互贯通,致使陷落柱周围和顶部岩体贯通型裂隙增多,导水性增强,水灾危险性增大。
When the working face passes a non-water filled collapse column,the overlaying strata of the working face can be damaged abnormally owing to the mining influence,which inevitably induces water inrush disaster. To study the abnormal failure laws of overlaying strata,the Jingfang coal mine was chosen as the engineering background in the study. A collapse column-surrounding rock fissure mechanical model was built by fully considering the formation of collapse column and geological characteristics of its surrounding rocks. Based on this model,the abnormal failure laws of overlaying strata were analyzed theoretically by combination of physical and numerical simulations. The results indicate that collapse column-surrounding rock fissure field and the mining fissure field were existent in the overburden rock with their own fracture distribution features. Under the influence of mining,some new destruction features were developed under the action of coupled fracture fields and the variation of collapse columnsurrounding rock fissures. A concentrated destruction occurred around the collapse column. The new born fissures of bed-separated near the column side and longitudinal broken fissures were interconnected with the above two fissure fields. At the top of the column,the two types of new born fissures could be interconnected. The connected fissures around the collapse column and top of rock mass gradually increased,which caused the hydraulic conductivity to be enhanced and the risk of water-inrush from roof to be increased.
When the working face passes a non-water filled collapse column,the overlaying strata of the working face can be damaged abnormally owing to the mining influence,which inevitably induces water inrush disaster. To study the abnormal failure laws of overlaying strata,the Jingfang coal mine was chosen as the engineering background in the study. A collapse column-surrounding rock fissure mechanical model was built by fully considering the formation of collapse column and geological characteristics of its surrounding rocks. Based on this model,the abnormal failure laws of overlaying strata were analyzed theoretically by combination of physical and numerical simulations. The results indicate that collapse column-surrounding rock fissure field and the mining fissure field were existent in the overburden rock with their own fracture distribution features. Under the influence of mining,some new destruction features were developed under the action of coupled fracture fields and the variation of collapse columnsurrounding rock fissures. A concentrated destruction occurred around the collapse column. The new born fissures of bed-separated near the column side and longitudinal broken fissures were interconnected with the above two fissure fields. At the top of the column,the two types of new born fissures could be interconnected. The connected fissures around the collapse column and top of rock mass gradually increased,which caused the hydraulic conductivity to be enhanced and the risk of water-inrush from roof to be increased.
引文
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[14]李振华,谢晖,李见波,等.采动影响陷落柱活化导水规律试验研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(12):4377-4383.Li Zhenhua,Xie Hun,Li Jianbo,et al.Experimental study of mining effect on collapse column activated water conducting mechanism[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2014,45(12):4377-4383.
[15]Ou Subei,Wang Lianguo,Wang Peipei,et al.Numerical analysis of seepage flow characteristic of collapse column under the influence of mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(2):243-250.
[16]尹尚先,吴文金,李永军,等.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱及其突水研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008:3-12.
[17]张军,王建鹏.采动覆岩“三带”高度相似模拟及实证研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):249-254.Zhang Jun,Wang Jianpeng.Similar simulation and practical research on the mining overburden roof strata“Three-Zones”height[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):249-254.
[2]李振华,徐高明,李见波.我国陷落柱突水问题的研究现状与展望[J].中国矿业,2009,18(4):107-109.Li Zhenhua,Xu Gaoming,Li Jianbo.Research status and outlook of water-inrush from collapse column in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2009,18(4):107-109.
[3]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.华北煤矿区岩溶陷落柱特征及成因探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):120-123.Yin Shangxian,Wu Qiang,Wang Shangxu.Studies on characters and forming mechanism of karstic collapse columns at mine area of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):120-123.
[4]张平松,刘盛东,舒玉峰.煤层开采覆岩破坏发育规律动态测试分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):217-222.Zhang Pingsong,Liu Shengdong,Shu Yufeng.Analysis on dynamic testing results of distortion and collapsing of the top rock by geophysical method during mining of coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):217-222.
[5]张宏伟,朱志洁,霍利杰,等.特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏高度[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):816-821.Zhang Hongwei1,Zhu Zhijie,Huo Lijie,et al.Overburden failure height of superhigh seam by fully mechanized caving method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):816-821.
[6]张玉军,高超.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层综放开采覆岩破坏特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):126-132.Zhang Yujun,Gao Chao.Overburden rock failure features of steep thick seam horizontal slicing full-mechanized caving mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):126-132.
[7]张勇,张保,张春雷,等.厚煤层采动裂隙发育演化规律及分布形态研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(6):935-940.Zhang Yong,Zhang Bao,Zhang Chunlei,et al.Study of the dynamic evolution rules and distribution pattern of mining-induced fractures of thick coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(6):935-940.
[8]钱鸣高,许家林.覆岩采动裂隙分布的“O”形圈特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):20-23.Qian Minggao,Xu Jialin.Study on the“O-Shape”circle distribution characteristics of mining-induced fractures in the overlaying strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(5):20-23.
[9]林海飞,李树刚,成连华,等.覆岩采动裂隙带动态演化模型的实验分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):298-303.Lin Haifei,Li Shugang,Cheng Lianhua,et al.Experimental analysis of dynamic evolution model of mining-induced fissure zone in overlying strata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(2):298-303.
[10]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551-2556.Yin Shangxian,Wu Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551-2556.
[11]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.华北岩溶陷落柱突水的水文地质及力学基础[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):182-185.Yin Shangxian,Wu Qiang,Wang Shangxu.Hydro-geological and mechanical basics of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in Northern China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):182-185.
[12]王家臣,王树忠,熊崇山.五阳煤矿陷落柱发育特征及突水危险性评价[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):922-926.Wang Jiachen,Wang Shuzhong,Xiong Chongshan.The collapse column development characteristics and the evaluation on water bursting risk of Wuyang coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):922-926.
[13]王家臣,李见波,徐高明.导水陷落柱突水模拟试验台研制及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):305-309.Wang Jiachen,Li Jianbo,Xu Gaoming.Development and application of simulation test system for water inrush from the water-conducting collapse column[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):305-309.
[14]李振华,谢晖,李见波,等.采动影响陷落柱活化导水规律试验研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(12):4377-4383.Li Zhenhua,Xie Hun,Li Jianbo,et al.Experimental study of mining effect on collapse column activated water conducting mechanism[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2014,45(12):4377-4383.
[15]Ou Subei,Wang Lianguo,Wang Peipei,et al.Numerical analysis of seepage flow characteristic of collapse column under the influence of mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(2):243-250.
[16]尹尚先,吴文金,李永军,等.华北煤田岩溶陷落柱及其突水研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008:3-12.
[17]张军,王建鹏.采动覆岩“三带”高度相似模拟及实证研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):249-254.Zhang Jun,Wang Jianpeng.Similar simulation and practical research on the mining overburden roof strata“Three-Zones”height[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):249-254.