日粮粗纤维水平对妊娠母猪规癖行为及繁殖性能影响
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摘要
为研究日粮粗纤维水平对母猪规癖行为及繁殖性能的影响。试验选用30头胎次、配种时间、体况等均相近的经产PIC配套系父母代母猪,随机分成5组,每组6头猪,每组6个重复,妊娠期间分别饲喂含3%、5%、7%、9%和11%的粗纤维日粮,通过调节各组的饲喂量,使其所摄入的能量、蛋白、钙、磷等基本一致。其中3%为对照组,日粮中不另加粗纤维。结果表明:(1)妊娠期间母猪日粮中添加11%粗纤维组在降低无食咀嚼、啃栏和犬坐行为以及增加趴卧时间方面效果显著高于其它4组(P<0.05);(2)妊娠期间母猪日粮中添加9%粗纤维组平均窝产仔数极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);平均产活仔数各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);9%、11%粗纤维组平均初生窝重极显著高于其它3组(P<0.01);9%、11%粗纤维组平均21日龄窝重显著高于其它3组(P<0.05);9%粗纤维组平均断奶窝重极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);9%粗纤维组平均发情间隔显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,当妊娠母猪日粮中添加9%粗纤维水平对降低母猪规癖行为、提高繁殖性能的效果最好。
To investigate the effects of dietary fiber levels on sow's behavioral stereotypes and their reproductive performance,30 multiparous sows of PIC complete set line with the similar parity,breeding time and body condition were chosen and then divided into 5 groups randomly, with 6 sows in each group. During their pregnancy, each group was fed different levels of dietary fiber,respectively 3%,5%,7%,9% and 11%. By adjusting the feed amount of each group, the intake of energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus were ensured to be at the same level. Besides, the group with 3% dietary fiber was the control group, and there was no other fiber in their ration. The results showed: 1), the group with 11% dietary fiber was superior to other groups(P<0.05) in reducing the behavior like vacuum chewing and bar-biting, and in increasing the laying time; 2) The mean litter size in the group with 9% dietary fiber during this pregnancy was apparently larger than other groups(P<0.01); no significant difference existed on the mean number born alive in each group(P>0.05);The mean birth weight in the groups with 9% and 11% dietary fiber were obviously higher than other groups(P<0.01), so was the mean litter weight at 21-day(P<0.05); The average weight of weaning litter in the group with 9% dietary fiber was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.01); The mean estrus interval in the group with 9% dietary fiber was obviously shorter than other groups(P<0.05).The experiment revealed that when there was 9% dietary fiber in pregnant sow's ration,the effects of reducing sow's behavioral stereotypes and improving sow's reproductive performance were the best.
To investigate the effects of dietary fiber levels on sow's behavioral stereotypes and their reproductive performance,30 multiparous sows of PIC complete set line with the similar parity,breeding time and body condition were chosen and then divided into 5 groups randomly, with 6 sows in each group. During their pregnancy, each group was fed different levels of dietary fiber,respectively 3%,5%,7%,9% and 11%. By adjusting the feed amount of each group, the intake of energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus were ensured to be at the same level. Besides, the group with 3% dietary fiber was the control group, and there was no other fiber in their ration. The results showed: 1), the group with 11% dietary fiber was superior to other groups(P<0.05) in reducing the behavior like vacuum chewing and bar-biting, and in increasing the laying time; 2) The mean litter size in the group with 9% dietary fiber during this pregnancy was apparently larger than other groups(P<0.01); no significant difference existed on the mean number born alive in each group(P>0.05);The mean birth weight in the groups with 9% and 11% dietary fiber were obviously higher than other groups(P<0.01), so was the mean litter weight at 21-day(P<0.05); The average weight of weaning litter in the group with 9% dietary fiber was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.01); The mean estrus interval in the group with 9% dietary fiber was obviously shorter than other groups(P<0.05).The experiment revealed that when there was 9% dietary fiber in pregnant sow's ration,the effects of reducing sow's behavioral stereotypes and improving sow's reproductive performance were the best.
引文
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[7] 惠铄智.苜蓿草粉对松辽黑猪生长性能、肉品质及盲肠微生物区系的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2017.
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[10] 霍如林,沈胜,方兴伟.不同纤维水平的妊娠前期料对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料广角,2015(15):31-34.
[11] RAMONET Y,VAN MILGEN J,DOURMAD J Y,et al.The effect of dietary fibre on energy utilization andpartitioning of heat production over pregnancy in sow [J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84(1):85-94.
[12] WHITTAKER X,EWARDS S A,SPOOLDER H A M,et al.Effec of straw beddig and high fiber diets on the behaviour of flor fed group-house sows[J].Applied Animal Behavior Science,1999,63(1):25-39.
[13] HOLT J P,JOHNSTON L J,BAIDOO S K,et al.Effects of a high-fiber diet and frequent feeding on behavior,reproductive performance,and nutrient digestibility in gestating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(4):946-955.
[14] 姜海龙,秦贵信,赵金波.日粮纤维对松辽母猪繁殖性能和血清相关激素分泌水平的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(20):23-25.
[15] 葛德军.日粮纤维对经产母猪的营养生理作用及繁殖性能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[16] 芦春莲,曹洪战,苗玉涛,等.妊娠期饲粮纤维水平对深县母猪繁殖性能及血清生殖激素水平的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2 289-2 294.
[17] 赵金波.日粮纤维对妊娠期松辽母猪繁殖性能影响机制的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.
[2] 宋志芳,解幼志,邢荷岩,等.母猪的纤维营养调控研究进展[J].猪业科学,2018,35(1):94-95.
[3] 王昕陟,包军.妊娠母猪的规癖行为与采食动机的关系(综述)[J].养猪,2003(1):10-12.
[4] 刘惠芳.日粮纤维与母猪的刻板行为[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2003(1):19-20.
[5] 武晓红,包军,于孝军,等.不同水平粗纤维饲粮对妊娠母猪行为规避影响的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2003,34(4):368-371.
[6] 冯冬冬,吴德,车炼强,等.饲粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、激素分泌及仔猪器官发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(1):25-33.
[7] 惠铄智.苜蓿草粉对松辽黑猪生长性能、肉品质及盲肠微生物区系的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2017.
[8] CHAPINAL N,TORRE J L R D L,CERISUELO A,et al.Evaluation of welfare and productivity in pregnant sows kept in stalls or in 2 different group housing systems[J].Journal of Veterinary Behavior Clinical Applications & Research,2010,5(2):82-93.
[9] 雷宣会,廖新俤,黄文尚,等.添饲杂交狼尾草对妊娠母猪规癖行为的影响[J].养猪,2010(2):17-19.
[10] 霍如林,沈胜,方兴伟.不同纤维水平的妊娠前期料对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料广角,2015(15):31-34.
[11] RAMONET Y,VAN MILGEN J,DOURMAD J Y,et al.The effect of dietary fibre on energy utilization andpartitioning of heat production over pregnancy in sow [J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84(1):85-94.
[12] WHITTAKER X,EWARDS S A,SPOOLDER H A M,et al.Effec of straw beddig and high fiber diets on the behaviour of flor fed group-house sows[J].Applied Animal Behavior Science,1999,63(1):25-39.
[13] HOLT J P,JOHNSTON L J,BAIDOO S K,et al.Effects of a high-fiber diet and frequent feeding on behavior,reproductive performance,and nutrient digestibility in gestating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(4):946-955.
[14] 姜海龙,秦贵信,赵金波.日粮纤维对松辽母猪繁殖性能和血清相关激素分泌水平的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(20):23-25.
[15] 葛德军.日粮纤维对经产母猪的营养生理作用及繁殖性能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[16] 芦春莲,曹洪战,苗玉涛,等.妊娠期饲粮纤维水平对深县母猪繁殖性能及血清生殖激素水平的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2 289-2 294.
[17] 赵金波.日粮纤维对妊娠期松辽母猪繁殖性能影响机制的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.