单轴压缩状态下类岩石材料水力劈裂试验
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摘要
采用自制水泥砂浆作为类岩石材料进行试验,研究内水压力和单轴压缩耦合作用下岩体的破坏规律。制作带有中心预制裂缝的立方体试样,利用自行研发的内水压力与轴向压力加载装置,在固定内水压力加载速度和轴向压力大小的前提下,对不同材料强度和尺寸的试样,以不同轴向压力加载方向进行了水力劈裂试验。试验结果表明:轴向压力加载方向对裂缝尖端的起裂角度有一定影响,在固定内水压力加载速度下,裂缝内水压力上升速度与试样强度正相关;轴向压力方向无论是与预制裂缝走向平行还是垂直,都会加快内水压力上升速度;试样水力劈裂临界水压力与试样强度正相关;轴向压力加载方向对单裂缝试样水力劈裂影响较大,轴向压力方向与裂缝走向垂直时对裂缝开裂起抑制作用,轴向压力方向与裂缝走向平行时对裂缝开裂起促进作用。
Self-made cement mortar was used as the rock-like materials to test the law of rock destruction under the coupling effect of water pressure and uniaxial axial compression. Under the premise of steady hydrostatic loading speed and axial pressure,cube specimens of different material strengths and sizes with prefabricated cracks in the center were made to perform hydraulic fracture tests by a self-developed hydraulic pressure and axial compression device. The results show that the axial compression loading direction has some influence on the crack initiation angles,and the rising of the internal water pressure is positively correlated with the strength of the specimen at a steady hydrostatic loading rate. The axial compression loading direction,whether parallel or vertical to the prefabricated cracks,can accelerate the rising of internal water pressure. The critical internal water pressure of hydraulic fracture is positively correlated with the strength of the specimen.The axial compression loading direction has a greater effect on the hydraulic fracture of a specimen with a single crack.When the axial compression direction is perpendicular to the direction of the prefabricated fracture,the crack initiation is inhibited. On the contrary,when the axial compression direction is parallel to the prefabricated fracture direction,the crack cracking is promoted.
Self-made cement mortar was used as the rock-like materials to test the law of rock destruction under the coupling effect of water pressure and uniaxial axial compression. Under the premise of steady hydrostatic loading speed and axial pressure,cube specimens of different material strengths and sizes with prefabricated cracks in the center were made to perform hydraulic fracture tests by a self-developed hydraulic pressure and axial compression device. The results show that the axial compression loading direction has some influence on the crack initiation angles,and the rising of the internal water pressure is positively correlated with the strength of the specimen at a steady hydrostatic loading rate. The axial compression loading direction,whether parallel or vertical to the prefabricated cracks,can accelerate the rising of internal water pressure. The critical internal water pressure of hydraulic fracture is positively correlated with the strength of the specimen.The axial compression loading direction has a greater effect on the hydraulic fracture of a specimen with a single crack.When the axial compression direction is perpendicular to the direction of the prefabricated fracture,the crack initiation is inhibited. On the contrary,when the axial compression direction is parallel to the prefabricated fracture direction,the crack cracking is promoted.
引文
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[13]王国庆,谢兴华,速宝玉.岩体水力劈裂实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):480-484.(WANG Guoqing,XIE Xinghua,SU Baoyu.Experimental study of hydraulic fracturing of rock mass[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):480-484.(in Chinese))
[14]谢兴华.岩体水力劈裂机理试验及数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[15]STOECKHERT F,MOLENDA M,BRENNE S,et al.Fracture propagation in sandstone and slate:laboratory experiments,acoustic emissions and fracture mechanics[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(3):237-249.
[16]SALIMZADEH S,PALUSZNY A,ZIMMERMAN R W.Three-dimensional poroelastic effects during hydraulic fracturing in permeable rocks[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2017,108:153-163.
[17]高丹盈,宋帅奇,杨林.真三轴应力下塑性混凝土性能及破坏准则[J].水利学报,2014,45(3):360-367.(GAO Danying,SONG Shuaiqi,YANG Lin.Performance and failure criteria for plastic concrete under true tri-axial compressive stress[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(3):360-367.(in Chinese))
[18]甘磊,沈心哲,王瑞,等.单裂缝混凝土结构水力劈裂试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):30-35.(GAN Lei,SHEN Xinzhe,WANG Rui,et al.Hydraulic fracturing test of concrete structures with single crack[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(4):30-35.(in Chinese))
[19]曾奕滔,沈振中,甘磊,等.弯应力作用下混凝土结构水力劈裂试验研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(1):72-77.(ZENG Yitao,SHEN Zhenzhong,GAN Lei,et al.Experimental study on the hydraulic fracture of concrete structure under bending stress[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2018,46(1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[20]李宗利,张宏朝,任青文,等.岩石裂纹水力劈裂分析与临界水压计算[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1216-1220.(LI Zongli,ZHANG Hongchao,REN Qingwen,et al.Analysis of hydraulic fracturing and calculation of critical internal water pressure of rock fracture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1216-1220.(in Chinese))
[21]李宗利.岩体水力劈裂机理研究及其在地下洞室围岩稳定分析中应用[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[22]李佳.单轴和双轴压缩下裂隙性岩石力学特性试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[23]姚赞勋,张汉兴.脆性岩石在单向压应力作下的破环机理[J].武汉钢铁学院学报,1982(1):45-54.(YAO Zanxun,ZHANG Hanxing.The fracture mechanism of brittle rock under uni-directional compression[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,1982(1):45-54.(in Chinese))
[24]衣永亮,曹平,蒲成志.静载下预制裂隙类岩石材料断裂实验与分析[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(1):67-71.(YI Yongliang,CAO Ping,PU Chengzhi.Fracture experiment and analysis of rock-like material with prefabricated-fissures under static loading[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,25(1):67-71.(in Chinese))
[25]常留红,陈建康.单轴压缩下水泥砂浆本构关系的试验研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(2):217-220.(CHANG Liuhong,CHEN Jiankang.Experimental study on constitutive relation of cement mortar[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):217-220(in Chinese))
[26]吴胜兴,王瑶,周继凯,等.水泥砂浆动态轴向拉伸本构关系试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(1):13-22.(WU Shengxing,WANG Yao,ZHOU Jikai,et al.Experimental study of dynamic axial tensile constitutive relationship for mortar[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(1):13-22.(in Chinese))
[27]杨圣奇,苏承东,徐卫亚.岩石材料尺寸效应的试验和理论研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):112-118.(YANG Shengqi,SU Chengdong,XU Weiya.Experimental and theoretical study of size effect of rock material[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(4):112-118.(in Chinese))
[28]刘勇军,朱岳明,曹为民,等.长方体劈裂试验的可行性研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(5):100-102.(LIU Yongjun,ZHU Yueming,CAO Weimin.The feasibility study on cuboid split test[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2001,29(5):100-102.(in Chinese))
[29]DALLY J W,FOURNEY W L,IRWIN G R.On the uniqueness of the stress intensity factor-crack velocity relationship[J].International Journal of Fracture,1985,27(3/4):159-168.
[30]TADA H,PARIS P C,IRWIN G R.The stress analysis of cracks[J].International Journal of Fracture Mechanics,1985,118(11):612-614.
[31]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[32]徐世烺,朱榆,张秀芳.水泥净浆和水泥砂浆材料的Ⅰ型断裂韧度测定[J].水利学报,2008,39(1):41-46.(XU Shilang,ZHU Yu,ZHANG Xiufang.Determination of model fracture toughness of cement paste and mortar[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(1):41-46.(in Chinese))
[33]李江腾,古德生,曹平,等.岩石断裂韧度与抗压强度的相关规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(6):1695-1699.(LI Jiangteng,GU Desheng,CAO Ping,et al.Interrelated law between model fracture toughness and compression strength of rock[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2009,40(6):1695-1699.(in Chinese))
[34]徐世烺,混凝土断裂力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[35]范飞飞,尚建丽,刘银霞,等.砂对水泥砂浆强度影响的试验研究[J].散装水泥,2008(6):61-63.(FAN Feifei,SHANG Jianli,LIU Yinxia,et al.Experimental study on the effect of sand on the strength of cement mortar[J].Bulk Cement,2008(6):61-63.(in Chinese))
[2]甘磊,沈振中,徐力群.多场耦合作用下高混凝土坝水力劈裂研究综述[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(2):87-94.(GAN Lei,SHEN Zhenzhong,XU Liqun.Review on hydraulic fracture in high concrete dam under multifield coupling conditions[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2013,33(2):87-94.(in Chinese))
[3]王俊杰,朱俊高.土石坝心墙水力劈裂影响因素分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(5):42-46.(WANG Junjie,ZHU Jungao.Influence factors on hydraulic fracturing in central core of earth-rock dam[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(5):42-46.(in Chinese))
[4]朱晟,顾淦臣,白永年.劈裂灌浆改善土坝坝体应力状态研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(2):8-14(ZHU Sheng,GU Ganchen,BAI Yongnian.Improvement of stress in earth dam by splitting grouting[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),1997,25(2):8-14.(in Chinese))
[5]曾开华,殷宗泽.土质心墙坝水力劈裂影响因素的研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(3):1-6.(ZENG Kaihua,YIN Zongze.Factors affecting hydraulic fracturing of high earth core dams[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2000,28(3):1-6.(in Chinese))
[6]盛金昌,赵坚,速宝玉.高水头作用下水工压力隧洞的水力劈裂分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1226-1230.(SHENG Jinchang,ZHAO Jian,SU Baoyu.Analysis of hydraulic fracturing in hydraulic tunnels under high water pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1226-1230.(in Chinese))
[7]张丙印,李娜,李全明,等.土石坝水力劈裂发生机理及模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1277-1281.(ZHANG Bingyin,LI Na,LI Quanming,et al.Mechanism analysis and model test of hydraulic fracturing in embankment dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(11):1277-1281.(in Chinese))
[8]ANDREEV G E.Brittle failure of rock materials:test results and constitutive models[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1995.
[9]PATER C J D,GROENENBOOM J,DAM D B V,et al.Active seismic monitoring of hydraulic fractures in laboratory experiments[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2001,38(6):777-785.
[10]杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成,等.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):489-493.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chunan,ZHU Wancheng,et al.Coupling analysis of seepage and stresses inrock failure process[J].Chinese Journal Geotechnical Enginerring,2001,23(4):489-493.(in Chinese))
[11]詹美礼,岑建.岩体水力劈裂机制圆筒模型试验及解析理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1173-1181.(ZHAN Meili,CEN Jian.Experimental and analytical study on hydraulic fracturing of cylinder sample[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1173-1181.(in Chinese))
[12]谢兴华,速宝玉.裂隙岩体水力劈裂研究综述[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2):330-336.(XIE Xinghua,SU Baoyu.Areview of fracture rock hydraulic fracturing research[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(2):330-336.(in Chinese))
[13]王国庆,谢兴华,速宝玉.岩体水力劈裂实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):480-484.(WANG Guoqing,XIE Xinghua,SU Baoyu.Experimental study of hydraulic fracturing of rock mass[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):480-484.(in Chinese))
[14]谢兴华.岩体水力劈裂机理试验及数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[15]STOECKHERT F,MOLENDA M,BRENNE S,et al.Fracture propagation in sandstone and slate:laboratory experiments,acoustic emissions and fracture mechanics[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(3):237-249.
[16]SALIMZADEH S,PALUSZNY A,ZIMMERMAN R W.Three-dimensional poroelastic effects during hydraulic fracturing in permeable rocks[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2017,108:153-163.
[17]高丹盈,宋帅奇,杨林.真三轴应力下塑性混凝土性能及破坏准则[J].水利学报,2014,45(3):360-367.(GAO Danying,SONG Shuaiqi,YANG Lin.Performance and failure criteria for plastic concrete under true tri-axial compressive stress[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(3):360-367.(in Chinese))
[18]甘磊,沈心哲,王瑞,等.单裂缝混凝土结构水力劈裂试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):30-35.(GAN Lei,SHEN Xinzhe,WANG Rui,et al.Hydraulic fracturing test of concrete structures with single crack[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(4):30-35.(in Chinese))
[19]曾奕滔,沈振中,甘磊,等.弯应力作用下混凝土结构水力劈裂试验研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(1):72-77.(ZENG Yitao,SHEN Zhenzhong,GAN Lei,et al.Experimental study on the hydraulic fracture of concrete structure under bending stress[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2018,46(1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[20]李宗利,张宏朝,任青文,等.岩石裂纹水力劈裂分析与临界水压计算[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1216-1220.(LI Zongli,ZHANG Hongchao,REN Qingwen,et al.Analysis of hydraulic fracturing and calculation of critical internal water pressure of rock fracture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1216-1220.(in Chinese))
[21]李宗利.岩体水力劈裂机理研究及其在地下洞室围岩稳定分析中应用[D].南京:河海大学,2005.
[22]李佳.单轴和双轴压缩下裂隙性岩石力学特性试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[23]姚赞勋,张汉兴.脆性岩石在单向压应力作下的破环机理[J].武汉钢铁学院学报,1982(1):45-54.(YAO Zanxun,ZHANG Hanxing.The fracture mechanism of brittle rock under uni-directional compression[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,1982(1):45-54.(in Chinese))
[24]衣永亮,曹平,蒲成志.静载下预制裂隙类岩石材料断裂实验与分析[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(1):67-71.(YI Yongliang,CAO Ping,PU Chengzhi.Fracture experiment and analysis of rock-like material with prefabricated-fissures under static loading[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,25(1):67-71.(in Chinese))
[25]常留红,陈建康.单轴压缩下水泥砂浆本构关系的试验研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(2):217-220.(CHANG Liuhong,CHEN Jiankang.Experimental study on constitutive relation of cement mortar[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):217-220(in Chinese))
[26]吴胜兴,王瑶,周继凯,等.水泥砂浆动态轴向拉伸本构关系试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(1):13-22.(WU Shengxing,WANG Yao,ZHOU Jikai,et al.Experimental study of dynamic axial tensile constitutive relationship for mortar[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(1):13-22.(in Chinese))
[27]杨圣奇,苏承东,徐卫亚.岩石材料尺寸效应的试验和理论研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):112-118.(YANG Shengqi,SU Chengdong,XU Weiya.Experimental and theoretical study of size effect of rock material[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(4):112-118.(in Chinese))
[28]刘勇军,朱岳明,曹为民,等.长方体劈裂试验的可行性研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(5):100-102.(LIU Yongjun,ZHU Yueming,CAO Weimin.The feasibility study on cuboid split test[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2001,29(5):100-102.(in Chinese))
[29]DALLY J W,FOURNEY W L,IRWIN G R.On the uniqueness of the stress intensity factor-crack velocity relationship[J].International Journal of Fracture,1985,27(3/4):159-168.
[30]TADA H,PARIS P C,IRWIN G R.The stress analysis of cracks[J].International Journal of Fracture Mechanics,1985,118(11):612-614.
[31]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[32]徐世烺,朱榆,张秀芳.水泥净浆和水泥砂浆材料的Ⅰ型断裂韧度测定[J].水利学报,2008,39(1):41-46.(XU Shilang,ZHU Yu,ZHANG Xiufang.Determination of model fracture toughness of cement paste and mortar[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(1):41-46.(in Chinese))
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