我们为什么需要社群——评桑德尔对罗尔斯自我观的批判
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摘要
桑德尔认为,由于罗尔斯正义理论蕴含的自我概念缺乏构成性要素,其本质是个人主义的自我观念,不仅导致了自我认同困境与个人归属感的匮乏,也导致了政治讨论中道德价值的缺失以及使得在公共生活中培养公民美德的失败。因而,桑德尔力图建立一种具有构成性要素的自我以及社群概念,以克服罗尔斯自我观中隐含的深刻个人主义缺陷,并解决由个人主义缺陷导致的个人认同困境与归属感匮乏问题,重拾政治生活中的道德价值,提升公民的道德。
Sandel believes that self-concept contained in Rawls' theory lacks of constitutive elements. Its essence is the self-concept of individualism. It not only leads to the dilemma of self-identity and lack of personal belonging, but also leads to the lack of moral values in political discussions and the failure of cultivating civic virtues in public life. Therefore, Sandel tries to establish a constructive concept of self and community in order to overcome the deep individualism defect in Rawls' self-concept. It will also solve the problem of personal identity dilemma and the lack of sense of belonging caused by the defect of individualism in order to regain the moral value in political life and to enhance morality of citizens.
Sandel believes that self-concept contained in Rawls' theory lacks of constitutive elements. Its essence is the self-concept of individualism. It not only leads to the dilemma of self-identity and lack of personal belonging, but also leads to the lack of moral values in political discussions and the failure of cultivating civic virtues in public life. Therefore, Sandel tries to establish a constructive concept of self and community in order to overcome the deep individualism defect in Rawls' self-concept. It will also solve the problem of personal identity dilemma and the lack of sense of belonging caused by the defect of individualism in order to regain the moral value in political life and to enhance morality of citizens.
引文
[1]迈克尔·桑德尔.万俊人,等译.自由主义与正义的局限[M].南京:译林出版社,2011.
[2]约翰·罗尔斯.何怀宏,何包钢,廖申白,译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012.
[3]迈克尔·桑德尔.朱东华,陈文娟,朱慧玲,译.公共哲学:政治中的道德问题[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[4]姚大志.社群主义的焦虑——评桑德尔的共同体观念[J].学习与探索,2014,(8):1-6.
[2]约翰·罗尔斯.何怀宏,何包钢,廖申白,译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012.
[3]迈克尔·桑德尔.朱东华,陈文娟,朱慧玲,译.公共哲学:政治中的道德问题[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[4]姚大志.社群主义的焦虑——评桑德尔的共同体观念[J].学习与探索,2014,(8):1-6.