氰霜唑对青花菜根肿病的田间防效研究
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摘要
由芸薹根肿菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae)引起的根肿病(clubroot)是青花菜的重要病害,目前生产上普遍采用化学药剂防治。试验通过青花菜移栽后用氰霜唑浇根处理的方式,比较药剂不同施药次数、剂量、时间对根肿病的防效。结果表明:(1)移栽后3 d、3 d+15 d、3 d+30 d用氰霜唑225 mL/667m~2处理,2次施药防效显著优于1次施药。(2)移栽后3 d分别用氰霜唑150、225、300 mL/667m~2处理,高剂量处理防效优于低剂量处理;氰霜唑225、300 mL/667m~2处理防效分别为68.44%、69.40%,差异不显著,225 mL/667m~2可作为防治根肿病的适宜剂量。(3)移栽后0、3、7、14、21和28 d用氰霜唑225 mL/667m~2处理,早施药防效优于晚施药;氰霜唑225 mL/667m~2移栽后0、3 d处理防效最佳,分别为69.50%、68.44%。
Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an important disease in broccoli. At present, chemical pesticides are widely used in production. The experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different application times, dosages and time on clubroot disease of broccoli after transplanting by treatment of root irrigation with cyazofamid. The results showed that:(1) Cyazofamid 3 375 mL/hm~2 was used for 3 days, 3 days plus 15 days and 3 days plus 30 days after transplantation, respectively. The control effect of two times of application was significantly better than that of one time of application.(2) Cyazofamid 2 250, 3 375, 4 500 mL/hm~2 was used3 days after transplantation, the control effect of high-dose treatment was better than that of low-dose treatment, while the control effect of cyazofamid 3 375 and 4 500 mL/hm~2 was 68.44% and 69.40% respectively, the difference was not significant. 3 375 mL/hm~2 could be used as the appropriate dose to prevent root swelling disease.(3) Applied cyazofamid with 3 375 mL/hm~2 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation, the control effect of early application was better than that of late application. Cyazofamid 3 375 mL/hm~2 had the best control effect on 0 days and 3 days after transplantation, reaching 69.50% and 68.44% respectively.
Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an important disease in broccoli. At present, chemical pesticides are widely used in production. The experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different application times, dosages and time on clubroot disease of broccoli after transplanting by treatment of root irrigation with cyazofamid. The results showed that:(1) Cyazofamid 3 375 mL/hm~2 was used for 3 days, 3 days plus 15 days and 3 days plus 30 days after transplantation, respectively. The control effect of two times of application was significantly better than that of one time of application.(2) Cyazofamid 2 250, 3 375, 4 500 mL/hm~2 was used3 days after transplantation, the control effect of high-dose treatment was better than that of low-dose treatment, while the control effect of cyazofamid 3 375 and 4 500 mL/hm~2 was 68.44% and 69.40% respectively, the difference was not significant. 3 375 mL/hm~2 could be used as the appropriate dose to prevent root swelling disease.(3) Applied cyazofamid with 3 375 mL/hm~2 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation, the control effect of early application was better than that of late application. Cyazofamid 3 375 mL/hm~2 had the best control effect on 0 days and 3 days after transplantation, reaching 69.50% and 68.44% respectively.
引文
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[10]郭向华.甘蓝根肿病菌的生物学特性及致病研究[D].重庆:西南农业大学,2001.
[11]Karling JS.The plasmodiophorales[M].New York:Hafner Publishing,1968.
[12]张振海.十字华科蔬菜对根肿病的抗感性及病菌侵染寄主的组织学观察[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[13]孙保亚,沈向群,郭海峰,等.十字花科植物根肿病及抗病育种研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2005(4):34-37.
[14]Buczacki S T,Ockendon J G,Freeman G H.An analysis of some effects of light and soil temperature on clubroot disease[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1978,88(2):229-238.
[15]Castlebury L A,Glawe D A.A comparison of three techniques for inoculating Chinese cabbage with Plasmodiophora brassicae[J].Mycologia,1993,85(5):866-867.
[2]Dixon G R.Clubroot(Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin)an agricultural and biological challenge worldwide[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2014,36(S1):5-18.
[3]赵利民,靳博红,万国娜,等.“七字”措施防治十字花科蔬菜根肿病[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(7):69-71.
[4]Dixon G R.The occurrence and economic impact of Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot disease[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2009,28(3):194-202.
[5]李金萍,朱玉芹,李宝聚.十字华科蔬菜根肿病的传播途径[J].中国蔬菜,2010(5):21-22.
[6]George N.Agrios.沈崇尧主译.植物病理学[M].5版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.
[7]陆晓英.50%氟啶胺(农割)悬浮剂防治青菜根肿病试验[J].上海农业科技,2017(4):128.
[8]许诚,丁秀丽,李宗英,等.杀菌剂氰霜唑的合成进展[J].农药科学与管理,2009,30(10):40-41,29.
[9]李志念,王柯.防治卵菌纲植物病害的新型杀菌剂氰霜唑[J].农药,2002,41(3):46-47.
[10]郭向华.甘蓝根肿病菌的生物学特性及致病研究[D].重庆:西南农业大学,2001.
[11]Karling JS.The plasmodiophorales[M].New York:Hafner Publishing,1968.
[12]张振海.十字华科蔬菜对根肿病的抗感性及病菌侵染寄主的组织学观察[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[13]孙保亚,沈向群,郭海峰,等.十字花科植物根肿病及抗病育种研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2005(4):34-37.
[14]Buczacki S T,Ockendon J G,Freeman G H.An analysis of some effects of light and soil temperature on clubroot disease[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1978,88(2):229-238.
[15]Castlebury L A,Glawe D A.A comparison of three techniques for inoculating Chinese cabbage with Plasmodiophora brassicae[J].Mycologia,1993,85(5):866-867.