GVC下绿色技术进步对中国制造升级的影响
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摘要
首先,构建嵌入全球价值链分工的绿色技术进步影响中国制造升级的理论框架,并在此基础上从出口产品技术含量、产业高度及出口部门碳生产率3个层面建立中国制造升级水平测算指标体系;然后,采用我国内地30个省级样本数据实证检验绿色技术进步对中国制造升级的影响。考虑到中国制造业以碎片化生产与一体化贸易模式逐步融入全球生产网络这一趋势,将嵌入全球价值链分工的现实背景纳入绿色全要素生产率测算,即同时考虑来自国外中间品和出口中间品中的隐含能因素,采用基于非径向、非导向的松弛测度方向距离函数测算各地区绿色全要素生产率。结果表明:(1)2002-2015年,中国制造升级水平呈现先下降后缓慢上升的"烟斗曲线"态势,并按照东部地区、西部地区、中部地区依次递减,产业高度指数水平与出口部门碳生产率较低是造成中部地区中国制造升级指数整体不高的主要原因;(2)从整体看,绿色技术进步促进了中国制造升级水平提升,但其在不同的能源强度地区、经济地带、时段中的影响存在差异,绿色技术进步在能源强度高的地区、东部地区及2009-2015年对中国制造升级的正向效应更为显著;(3)资本密集度和参与全球价值链分工程度对中国制造升级具有显著的促进作用,但与预期相反,市场化程度对中国制造升级具有一定的负面效应。
This paper first constructs a theoretical framework that influences the " Made in China" upgrade from the perspective of green technology progress embedded in the division of global value chain.On the basis of this,the author builds the index system of " China Manufacturing" upgrade from the three aspects of the technological content of export products,the height of industry and the carbon productivity of export sector,and then uses 30 provincial sample data to test the green technology progress on the " Made in China" upgrade.Considering that China's manufacturing industry is increasingly integrated into the global production network with the "fragmented" production and "integrated" trade model,we incorporate the realistic background embedded in the global division of the value chain into the green total factor productivity.That is,taking into account the implied energy from foreign intermediate products and the implied energy factor in the export intermediate products,and using the non-radial,non-directional relaxation measure direction distance function to measure the green total factor productivity in each region.The result of empirical test shows that: " Made in China" upgrade level in the year 2002 to 2015 shows the "pipe-making curve" trend,descending first and then slowly rising,and in accordance with the eastern region,the western region,the central region followed by decreasing.The high level of industry index and the low carbon productivity in the export sector are the main reasons for the low overall " Made in China" upgrade index in the central region.On average,green technological progress has improved the level of " Made in China" upgrades,but there are differences in different energy intensity regions,different economic zones,and different periods.Green technology pro-gress in the energy intensity of high areas,the eastern region and the 2009-2015 period has more significant positive effect on " Made in China" upgrade.Capital intensity and participation in the global value chain division of labor has significantly contributed to the " Made in China" upgrade,but contrary to expectations,the degree of marketization has a negative effect on the " Made in China" upgrade.
This paper first constructs a theoretical framework that influences the " Made in China" upgrade from the perspective of green technology progress embedded in the division of global value chain.On the basis of this,the author builds the index system of " China Manufacturing" upgrade from the three aspects of the technological content of export products,the height of industry and the carbon productivity of export sector,and then uses 30 provincial sample data to test the green technology progress on the " Made in China" upgrade.Considering that China's manufacturing industry is increasingly integrated into the global production network with the "fragmented" production and "integrated" trade model,we incorporate the realistic background embedded in the global division of the value chain into the green total factor productivity.That is,taking into account the implied energy from foreign intermediate products and the implied energy factor in the export intermediate products,and using the non-radial,non-directional relaxation measure direction distance function to measure the green total factor productivity in each region.The result of empirical test shows that: " Made in China" upgrade level in the year 2002 to 2015 shows the "pipe-making curve" trend,descending first and then slowly rising,and in accordance with the eastern region,the western region,the central region followed by decreasing.The high level of industry index and the low carbon productivity in the export sector are the main reasons for the low overall " Made in China" upgrade index in the central region.On average,green technological progress has improved the level of " Made in China" upgrades,but there are differences in different energy intensity regions,different economic zones,and different periods.Green technology pro-gress in the energy intensity of high areas,the eastern region and the 2009-2015 period has more significant positive effect on " Made in China" upgrade.Capital intensity and participation in the global value chain division of labor has significantly contributed to the " Made in China" upgrade,but contrary to expectations,the degree of marketization has a negative effect on the " Made in China" upgrade.
引文
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[15]殷宝庆,肖文,刘洋.贸易便利化影响了出口技术复杂度吗[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016(12):73-81.
[16]殷宝庆,颜青.资源环境约束与对外贸易绿色转型升级[J].企业经济,2016(11):144-148.
[17]顾国达,方圆.金融发展对出口品国内技术含量提升效应的研究[J].经济学家,2012(9):62-70.
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[19]章辉蒋瑛.基于方法改进后的中国对外贸易隐含能测算[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(10):94-102.
[20]王铮,朱永彬.我国各省区碳排放量状况及减排对策研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2008(3):109-115.
[21]崔日明,王磊.中国能源消耗国际转移的实证研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2013(4):59-68.
[22]李建军,孙慧.融入全球价值链提升“中国制造”的国际分工地位了吗[J].内蒙古社会科学:汉文版:2016(3):112-118.
[23]FUKUYAMA H,WEBER WL.A directional slacks-based measure of technical inefficiency[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2009,43(4):274-287.
[24]CHUNG Y H,R FARE,S GROSSKOPF.Productivity and undesirable output:a directional distance function approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997(51):229-240.
[25]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.
[26]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数.各省区市场化相对进程2011年度报告[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[27]杜宇玮,周长富.锁定效应与中国代工产业升级[J].财贸经济,2012(12):78-86.
[28]张同斌,刘琳.政府干预、市场化进程与经济增长动力[J].浙江社会科学,2017(1):17-27.
[29]张兵兵,田曦,朱晶.环境污染治理、市场化与能源效率[J].南京社会科学,2017(3):39-46.
[30]林毅夫,张鹏飞.适宜技术、技术选择与发展中国家经济增长[J].经济学季刊,2006(7):985-1006.
[2]董直庆、蔡啸、王林辉.技术进步方向、城市用地规模和环境质量[J].经济研究,2014(10):111-124.
[3]PACK H,SAGGI K.Vertical technology transfer via international outsourcing[J].Journal of Development Economics,2001,65(2):389-415.
[4]AMIGHINI A.China in the international fragmentation of production:evidence from the ICT industry[J].The European Journal of Comparative Economics,2005,2(2):203-219.
[5]史进、童昕.绿色技术的扩散:中国三大电子产业集群比较研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2010(9):120-126.
[6]毕克新,王禹涵,杨朝均.创新资源投入对绿色创新系统绿色创新能力的影响——基于制造业FDI流入视角的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2014(3):153-166.
[7]岐洁,韩伯棠,陈艳春.国际性绿色技术溢出与我国技术进步[J].科研管理,2015(9):55-63.
[8]钱水土,周永涛.金融发展,技术进步与中国外贸产业升级的PVAR分析[J].浙江学刊,2014(2):172-178.
[9]逯宇铎,孙博宇.技术进步、效率增进对我国出口贸易结构影响机制研究[J].世界经济研究,2012(2):27-32.
[10]梁碧波.技术进步、制度变迁与国际贸易模式演进:一个分析框架[J].国际经贸探索,2013(12):4-16.
[11]黄静波,刘淑琳.技术创新与出口行为差异:基于Bootstrap技术进步指数的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(2):23-33.
[12]陈艳春,韩伯棠,岐洁.中国绿色技术的创新绩效与扩散动力[J].北京理工大学学报:社会科学版,2014(6):50-56.
[13]原毅军,赵蒙.绿色技术对技术创新的挤出效应[J].工业技术经济,2014(3):57-69.
[14]STERLACCHINI A.R&D,higher education and regional growth:uneven linkages among European regions[J].Research Policy,2008,37(6):1096-1107.
[15]殷宝庆,肖文,刘洋.贸易便利化影响了出口技术复杂度吗[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016(12):73-81.
[16]殷宝庆,颜青.资源环境约束与对外贸易绿色转型升级[J].企业经济,2016(11):144-148.
[17]顾国达,方圆.金融发展对出口品国内技术含量提升效应的研究[J].经济学家,2012(9):62-70.
[18]卢福财,罗瑞荣.全球价值链分工条件下产业高度与人力资源的关系[J].中国工业经济,2010(8):76-86.
[19]章辉蒋瑛.基于方法改进后的中国对外贸易隐含能测算[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(10):94-102.
[20]王铮,朱永彬.我国各省区碳排放量状况及减排对策研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2008(3):109-115.
[21]崔日明,王磊.中国能源消耗国际转移的实证研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2013(4):59-68.
[22]李建军,孙慧.融入全球价值链提升“中国制造”的国际分工地位了吗[J].内蒙古社会科学:汉文版:2016(3):112-118.
[23]FUKUYAMA H,WEBER WL.A directional slacks-based measure of technical inefficiency[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,2009,43(4):274-287.
[24]CHUNG Y H,R FARE,S GROSSKOPF.Productivity and undesirable output:a directional distance function approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997(51):229-240.
[25]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.
[26]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数.各省区市场化相对进程2011年度报告[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[27]杜宇玮,周长富.锁定效应与中国代工产业升级[J].财贸经济,2012(12):78-86.
[28]张同斌,刘琳.政府干预、市场化进程与经济增长动力[J].浙江社会科学,2017(1):17-27.
[29]张兵兵,田曦,朱晶.环境污染治理、市场化与能源效率[J].南京社会科学,2017(3):39-46.
[30]林毅夫,张鹏飞.适宜技术、技术选择与发展中国家经济增长[J].经济学季刊,2006(7):985-1006.