基于北斗卫星船位数据提取拖网航次方法研究
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摘要
渔业生产管理、捕捞效益计算、资源调查等常把航次作为一个重要参考量。北斗卫星船位数据时间分辨率约为3 min,空间分辨率约为10 m,具有很好的时空特征,通过对北斗卫星船位数据挖掘可以提取航次。渔船作业过程中航次一般包括起航、海上作业、返航,渔船起航和返航的港口常不同,对港口所在的陆地和岛屿做向外缓冲形成一个面,以船位点与港口所在陆地缓冲面的距离作为离岸距离,根据离岸距离变化判断渔船的航次,并通过编程实现航次提取,6艘调查船提取的航次结果与实际记录的43个航次相比,起航时间差值在2 d内的占95.1%,返航时间差值在2 d内的占95.2%,网次可以根据航速提取,计算出每个航次中的网次数。
Voyage statistics is often required in fishery management,fishing benefit calculation and resource surveys. It is used as an important reference value. Vessel monitoring system based on Beidou provides a fast and convenient means for obtaining voyage. More than fifty thousand fishing vessels had installed the terminal unit of the Beidou satellite positioning system since the Ministry of Agriculture of China started to construct fishing vessels monitoring system in Nansha Islands in 2006. The data sent by the terminal unit have a temporal resolution by 3 minutes,and a spatial resolution by 10 meters. Thus,after carrying out these fishing services for nine years,the system has recorded billions of historical cruising data for each vessel,including the time,position,speed,direction,rate of turn,etc. During the fishing operation,a complete voyage includes sailing,marine operations,and return. The ports of fishing boats sailing and return are often different. A surface was formed by the buffered land and islands with ports. Offshore distance is between ship's position and the surface. Fishing voyage is determined by the change of distance offshore. Voyages are extracted by programming. The results of six research ship voyages were compared with 43 cruises actually recorded. The difference proportion within two days of the start voyage was 95. 1%. The difference proportion within two days of the end voyage was 95. 2%. It can provide a more accurate reference for fisheries analysis.
Voyage statistics is often required in fishery management,fishing benefit calculation and resource surveys. It is used as an important reference value. Vessel monitoring system based on Beidou provides a fast and convenient means for obtaining voyage. More than fifty thousand fishing vessels had installed the terminal unit of the Beidou satellite positioning system since the Ministry of Agriculture of China started to construct fishing vessels monitoring system in Nansha Islands in 2006. The data sent by the terminal unit have a temporal resolution by 3 minutes,and a spatial resolution by 10 meters. Thus,after carrying out these fishing services for nine years,the system has recorded billions of historical cruising data for each vessel,including the time,position,speed,direction,rate of turn,etc. During the fishing operation,a complete voyage includes sailing,marine operations,and return. The ports of fishing boats sailing and return are often different. A surface was formed by the buffered land and islands with ports. Offshore distance is between ship's position and the surface. Fishing voyage is determined by the change of distance offshore. Voyages are extracted by programming. The results of six research ship voyages were compared with 43 cruises actually recorded. The difference proportion within two days of the start voyage was 95. 1%. The difference proportion within two days of the end voyage was 95. 2%. It can provide a more accurate reference for fisheries analysis.
引文
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[21]佟海旭.加速应用进程,北斗卫星系统开创应用新纪元[J].测绘通报,2008(4):65.DONG H X.Accelerate the application process,the Beidou satellite system to create a new era of application[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008(4):65.
[22]张胜茂,崔雪森,伍玉梅,等.基于北斗卫星船位数据分析象山拖网捕捞时空特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):151-156.ZHANG S M,CUI X S,WU Y M,et al.Analyzing spacetime characteristics of Xiangshan trawling based on Beidou vessel monitoring system data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(7):151-156.
[2]高健,张相国.帆式张网渔业经济效益与渔业生产[J].中国渔业经济,2001,(5):26-28.GAO J,ZHANG X G.Fishery economic benefit and fishery production on the swing net of sail[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2001,(5):26-28.
[3]孙典荣,邱永松,林昭进,等.中沙群岛春季珊瑚礁鱼类资源组成的初步研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2006,(3):85-92.SUN D R,QIU Y S,LIN Z J,et al.Preliminary studies on the composition of coral reef fish resources in the waters of Zhougsha Island in spring[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2006,(3):85-92.
[4]陈国宝,李永振,陈新军,等.南海重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(4):461-467.CHEN G B,LI Y Z,CHEN X J,et al.Composition and distribution of Cartilaginous fishes in the adjacent waters area of main Islands and reefs of South China Sea[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2006,15(4):461-467.
[5]张龙,徐开达,张洪亮,等.中街山海域渔业动物群落结构的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(4):290-294.ZHANG L,XU K D,ZHANG H L,et al.Seasonal variety of fishery biology community structure in Zhongjieshan Sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2012,31(4):290-294.
[6]刘维,张羽翔,陈积明,等.南沙群岛春季灯光围网渔业资源调查初步分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(1):105-109.LIU W,ZHANG Y X,CHEN J M,et al.Preliminary analysis of fish resources in the Nansha islands waters survey using light-purse seiner in spring season[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(1):105-109.
[7]李永振,林昭进,陈丕茂,等.南沙群岛中北部重要岛礁鱼类资源调查[J].水产学报,2003,27(4):315-321.LI Y Z,LIN Z J,CHEN P M,et al.Survey for coral reef fish resources in the center&north waters of the Nansha Islands[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2003,27(4):315-321.
[8]孙典荣,林昭进,邱永松.西沙群岛重要岛礁鱼类资源调查[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(2):225-231.SUN D R,LIN Z J,QIU Y S.Survey of coral reef fish resources of the Xisha Islands[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005,35(2):225-231.
[9]林丕文,邹建伟.我国当前南海南部拖网渔业的困局和对策[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(3):172-177.LIN P W,ZOU J W.On major dilemmas and countermeasures of Chinese trawl fishery in the southern South China Sea[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(3):172-177.
[10]ERIKSEN T,HYE G,NARHEIM B,et al.Maritime traffic monitoring using a space-based AIS receiver[J].Acta Astronautica,2006,58(10):537-549.
[11]WANG J,FAN Y T.Study on Safety Monitoring System for Submarine Power Cable on the Basis of AIS and Radar Technology[J].Physics Procedia,2012,24(B):961-965.
[12]DETSIS E,BRODSKY Y,KNUDTSON P,et al.Project Catch:A space based solution to combat illegal,unreported and unregulated fishing:Part I:Vessel monitoring system[J].Acta Astronautica,2012,80:114-123.
[13]CHANG S K.Application of a vessel monitoring system to advance sustainable fisheries management—Benefits received in Taiwan[J].Marine Policy,2011,35(2):116-121.
[14]PILAR-FONSECA T,CAMPOS A,PEREIRA J,et al.Integration of fishery-dependent data sources in support of octopus spatial management[J].Marine Policy,2014,45:69-75.
[15]RUSSO T,PARISI A,PRORGI M,et al.When behaviour reveals activity:Assigning fishing effort to métiers based on VMS data using artificial neural networks[J].Fisheries Research,2011,111(1-2):53-64.
[16]STELZENMULLER V,MAYNOU F,BERNARD G,et al.Spatial assessment of fishing effort around European marine reserves:Implications for successful fisheries management[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(12):2018-2026.
[17]MULLOWNEY D R,DAWE E G.Development of performance indices for the Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)fishery using data from a vessel monitoring system[J].Fisheries Research,2009,100(3):248-254.
[18]居礼.北斗卫星导航系统在海洋渔业的应用[J].卫星与网络,2013(3):16-22.JU L.Application of Beidou satellite navigation systems in marine fisheries[J].Satellite&Network,2013(3):16-22.
[19]张胜茂,唐峰华,张衡,等.基于北斗船位数据的拖网捕捞追溯方法研究[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(3):15-23.ZHANG S M,TANG F H,ZHANG H,et al.Research on trawling tracing based on Bei Dou vessel monitoring system data[J].South China Fisheries Science,2014,10(3):15-23.
[20]张胜茂,杨胜龙,戴阳,等.北斗船位数据提取拖网捕捞努力量算法研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(8):1190-1199.ZHANG S M,YANG S L,DAI Y,et al.Algorithm of fishing effort extraction in trawling based on Beidou vessel monitoring system data[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(8):1190-1199.
[21]佟海旭.加速应用进程,北斗卫星系统开创应用新纪元[J].测绘通报,2008(4):65.DONG H X.Accelerate the application process,the Beidou satellite system to create a new era of application[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008(4):65.
[22]张胜茂,崔雪森,伍玉梅,等.基于北斗卫星船位数据分析象山拖网捕捞时空特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):151-156.ZHANG S M,CUI X S,WU Y M,et al.Analyzing spacetime characteristics of Xiangshan trawling based on Beidou vessel monitoring system data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(7):151-156.