水平井气液两相流动压降变化规律实验研究
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摘要
随着水平井技术的完善和规模的不断扩大,水平井气液两相流压降计算对气田生产具有重要意义。现阶段水平井筒内流型判别研究都是将流动参数带入单独管段流型判别公式中进行预测。通过室内模拟水平井实验进行水平井气液两相流流动可视化研究,通过目视法观察水平井水平段、造斜段与垂直段在不同气液流速下流型变化并记录。将实验数据与现阶段常用流行判别式进行比对,为减小误差,对不同井段常用流型判别式进行评价优选。通过模拟实验,优选出不同井段的流型判别方法。在已知气量和液量的情况下,对压降进一步分析发现随着气体流速的逐渐降低,压降会存在骤变的现象,通过单独管段实验发现在压降发生骤变的气体流速下,持液率也会发生突然变化,结合实验观察得到现象得到了水平井临界携液流速的判断方法。通过对Beggs-Brill压降计算公式的修正,得到了准确率有明显提高的新公式,能降低水平井压降预测的误差。
With the improvement of horizontal well technology and the continuous expansion of scale,the calculation of pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal wells is of great significance to gas field production.At present,the flow pattern discrimination research in horizontal wellbore is to bring flow parameters into the flow pattern discrimination formulas of individual sections for prediction.The visualization of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal wells was studied through laboratory simulation of horizontal wells.The flow pattern changes of horizontal,inclination and vertical sections of horizontal wells at different gas-liquid flow velocities were observed and recorded by visual method.Comparing the experimental data with the popular discriminants at present,in order to reduce the error,the flow pattern discriminants commonly used in different sections were evaluated and optimized.The flow pattern discrimination method for different well segments was selected by simulation experiments.In the case of known gas and liquid volume,further analysis of pressure drop showed that with the gradual decrease of gas flow rate,pressure drop will have a sudden change.Through separate pipe section experiment,it was found that under the gas flow rate with sudden change of pressure drop,liquid holdup will also change abruptly.Combined with experimental observation,it was found that the phenomenon was approaching the horizontal well.The method of determining the flow rate of carrying liquid.By modifying the Beggs-Brill pressure drop calculation formula,a new formula was obtained,which can obviously improve the accuracy and reduce the error of pressure drop prediction in horizontal wells.
With the improvement of horizontal well technology and the continuous expansion of scale,the calculation of pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal wells is of great significance to gas field production.At present,the flow pattern discrimination research in horizontal wellbore is to bring flow parameters into the flow pattern discrimination formulas of individual sections for prediction.The visualization of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal wells was studied through laboratory simulation of horizontal wells.The flow pattern changes of horizontal,inclination and vertical sections of horizontal wells at different gas-liquid flow velocities were observed and recorded by visual method.Comparing the experimental data with the popular discriminants at present,in order to reduce the error,the flow pattern discriminants commonly used in different sections were evaluated and optimized.The flow pattern discrimination method for different well segments was selected by simulation experiments.In the case of known gas and liquid volume,further analysis of pressure drop showed that with the gradual decrease of gas flow rate,pressure drop will have a sudden change.Through separate pipe section experiment,it was found that under the gas flow rate with sudden change of pressure drop,liquid holdup will also change abruptly.Combined with experimental observation,it was found that the phenomenon was approaching the horizontal well.The method of determining the flow rate of carrying liquid.By modifying the Beggs-Brill pressure drop calculation formula,a new formula was obtained,which can obviously improve the accuracy and reduce the error of pressure drop prediction in horizontal wells.
引文
[1] 任桂蓉.川西水平气井井筒两相管流流型实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
[2] 王修武,罗威,刘捷,等.油气水多相管流预测方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(2):70-75.Wang Xiuwu,Luo Wei,Liu Jie,et al.Study on multiphase pipeline prediction method for oil and gas water[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2018,25(2):70-75.
[3] 罗启源.水平气井气水两相井筒流动压降研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.
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[6] Kaya A S,Sarica C,Brill J P.Comprehensive mechanistic modeling of two-phase flow in deviated wells[C]// Spe Technical Conference and Exhibition,1999.
[7] Govier G W,Aziz K,Schowalter W R.The flow of complex mixtures in pipes[M].Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,1972.
[8] Gould,T.Vertical two-phase flow in oil and gas well[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Univ.of Michigan,1972.
[9] Thome,John R.On recent advances in modeling of two-phase flow and heat transfer[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2003,24(6):46-59.
[10] 吴宁,宿淑春,张琪.水平井筒气液两相分散泡状流流动模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(1):25-27.Wu Ning,Su Shuchun,Zhang Qi.Gas-liquid two-phase dispersed bubble flow model of horizontal wellbore[J].Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development,2001,20(1):25-27.
[11] Zhang H Q,Wang Q,Sarica C,et al.A unified mechanistic model for slug liquid holdup and transition between slug and dispersed bubble flows[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2003,29(1):97-107.
[12] Barnea D.A unified model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1987,13(1):1-12.
[13] Mukherjee H,Brill J P.Pressure drop correlations for inclined two-phase flow[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1985,107(4):549.
[14] 宋红伟,郭海敏,戴家才.水平井生产测井气水两相流流型试验分析[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(12):96-101.Song Hongwei,Guo Haimin,Dai Jiacai.Experimental analysis of gas-water two-phase flow pattern in horizontal well production logging[J].Journal of Oil and Gas,2011,33(12):96-101.
[15] 王琦.水平井井筒气液两相流动模拟实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
[16] 汪志明,肖京男,王小秋,等.水平井变质量流动压降规律实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2011,25(5):26-29.Wang Zhiming,Xiao Jingnan,Wang Xiaoqiu,et al.Experimental study on pressure drop law of variable mass flow in horizontal well[J].Experimental Fluid Dynamics,2011,25(5):26-29.
[17] 熊浪,夏同伟,崔洁,等.基于煤粉分层流动的水平管压降模型[J].山东化工,2014,43(8):87-89.Xiong Lang,Xia Tongwei,Cui Jie,et al.Horizontal tube pressure drop model based on stratified flow of coal powder[J].Shandong Chemical,2014,43(8):87-89.
[18] Ben J.Dlkken.水平井压降及其对生产的影响[J].国外石油地质,1991(4):59-73.Ben J.Dlkken.Horizontal well pressure drop and its impact on production[J].Foreign Petroleum Geology,1991(4):59-73.
[19] 聂延波,李晓平,王金明.水平井筒压降计算理论与方法综述[J].石油石化节能,2010,26(12):32-36.Nie Yanbo,Li Xiaoping,Wang Jinming.Summary of theory and method of horizontal wellbore pressure drop calculation[J].Petroleum and Petrochemical Energy,2010,26(12):32-36.
[20] 邹一锋,傅春梅,王旭,等.水平井井身结构对排水采气的影响及管柱优化[C]// 全国天然气藏高效开发技术研讨会,2014.
[2] 王修武,罗威,刘捷,等.油气水多相管流预测方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(2):70-75.Wang Xiuwu,Luo Wei,Liu Jie,et al.Study on multiphase pipeline prediction method for oil and gas water[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2018,25(2):70-75.
[3] 罗启源.水平气井气水两相井筒流动压降研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2011.
[4] Mukherjee H,Brill J P.Liquid holdup correlations for inclined two-phase flow[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1983,35(5):1003-1008.
[5] Beggs D H,Brill J P.A Study of two-phase flow in Inclined pipes[J].JPT,1973,25(5):607-617.
[6] Kaya A S,Sarica C,Brill J P.Comprehensive mechanistic modeling of two-phase flow in deviated wells[C]// Spe Technical Conference and Exhibition,1999.
[7] Govier G W,Aziz K,Schowalter W R.The flow of complex mixtures in pipes[M].Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,1972.
[8] Gould,T.Vertical two-phase flow in oil and gas well[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Univ.of Michigan,1972.
[9] Thome,John R.On recent advances in modeling of two-phase flow and heat transfer[J].Heat Transfer Engineering,2003,24(6):46-59.
[10] 吴宁,宿淑春,张琪.水平井筒气液两相分散泡状流流动模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(1):25-27.Wu Ning,Su Shuchun,Zhang Qi.Gas-liquid two-phase dispersed bubble flow model of horizontal wellbore[J].Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development,2001,20(1):25-27.
[11] Zhang H Q,Wang Q,Sarica C,et al.A unified mechanistic model for slug liquid holdup and transition between slug and dispersed bubble flows[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2003,29(1):97-107.
[12] Barnea D.A unified model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1987,13(1):1-12.
[13] Mukherjee H,Brill J P.Pressure drop correlations for inclined two-phase flow[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1985,107(4):549.
[14] 宋红伟,郭海敏,戴家才.水平井生产测井气水两相流流型试验分析[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(12):96-101.Song Hongwei,Guo Haimin,Dai Jiacai.Experimental analysis of gas-water two-phase flow pattern in horizontal well production logging[J].Journal of Oil and Gas,2011,33(12):96-101.
[15] 王琦.水平井井筒气液两相流动模拟实验研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
[16] 汪志明,肖京男,王小秋,等.水平井变质量流动压降规律实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2011,25(5):26-29.Wang Zhiming,Xiao Jingnan,Wang Xiaoqiu,et al.Experimental study on pressure drop law of variable mass flow in horizontal well[J].Experimental Fluid Dynamics,2011,25(5):26-29.
[17] 熊浪,夏同伟,崔洁,等.基于煤粉分层流动的水平管压降模型[J].山东化工,2014,43(8):87-89.Xiong Lang,Xia Tongwei,Cui Jie,et al.Horizontal tube pressure drop model based on stratified flow of coal powder[J].Shandong Chemical,2014,43(8):87-89.
[18] Ben J.Dlkken.水平井压降及其对生产的影响[J].国外石油地质,1991(4):59-73.Ben J.Dlkken.Horizontal well pressure drop and its impact on production[J].Foreign Petroleum Geology,1991(4):59-73.
[19] 聂延波,李晓平,王金明.水平井筒压降计算理论与方法综述[J].石油石化节能,2010,26(12):32-36.Nie Yanbo,Li Xiaoping,Wang Jinming.Summary of theory and method of horizontal wellbore pressure drop calculation[J].Petroleum and Petrochemical Energy,2010,26(12):32-36.
[20] 邹一锋,傅春梅,王旭,等.水平井井身结构对排水采气的影响及管柱优化[C]// 全国天然气藏高效开发技术研讨会,2014.