电渗析用季铵化聚氯乙烯均相阴离子交换膜的制备
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摘要
以1-甲基咪唑(N-MI)为季铵化试剂一步法对聚氯乙烯(PVC)功能化改性,并制备了均相PVC阴离子交换膜,避免了传统阴离子交换膜制备过程中的氯甲基化步骤。通过对比研究,优化后的PVC-N-MI-5表现出较好的综合性能。离子交换容量和迁移数分别高达2.89 mmol·g~(–1)和98.4%;吸水率和溶胀率分别为4.24%和0.21%,低于商业JAM-5阴离子交换膜(4.87%和3.33%);脱盐率、电流效率以及能耗分别为98.38%、55.8%和5.1 kW·h·(kg NaCl)~(–1),可与商业JAM-5(93.0%、55.2%和4.6 kW·h·(kg NaCl)~(–1))相比较。低廉的原料与简便的制备过程以及相对良好的电渗析应用性能,表明所制备的PVC-N-MI-5具有一定的应用前景。
This work presents the preparation of homogeneous anion exchange membrane(AEM) based on quaternized polyvinyl chloride(PVC) via straight forward quaternization of PVC with 1-methylimidazole(N-MI). In particular, the preparation avoids the use of toxic chloromethylation. The optimized AEM PVC-N-MI-5 shows ionexchange capacity(IEC) and transport number of 2.89 mmol·g~(–1) and 98.4%, respectively. The water uptake and swelling ratio are 4.24% and 0.21%, lower than the commercial AEM JAM-5(4.87% and 3.33%). The NaCl removal ratio, current efficiency and energy consumption of the as-prepared AEM were 98.38%、 55.8% and 5.1 kW · h ·(kg NaCl)~(-1), respectively, comparable to commerical JAM-5(93.0%, 55.2% and 4.6 kW ·h·(kgNaCl)~(-1)). The cost-effective PVC and relatively good performance are suggestive of the potential electrodialysis application.
This work presents the preparation of homogeneous anion exchange membrane(AEM) based on quaternized polyvinyl chloride(PVC) via straight forward quaternization of PVC with 1-methylimidazole(N-MI). In particular, the preparation avoids the use of toxic chloromethylation. The optimized AEM PVC-N-MI-5 shows ionexchange capacity(IEC) and transport number of 2.89 mmol·g~(–1) and 98.4%, respectively. The water uptake and swelling ratio are 4.24% and 0.21%, lower than the commercial AEM JAM-5(4.87% and 3.33%). The NaCl removal ratio, current efficiency and energy consumption of the as-prepared AEM were 98.38%、 55.8% and 5.1 kW · h ·(kg NaCl)~(-1), respectively, comparable to commerical JAM-5(93.0%, 55.2% and 4.6 kW ·h·(kgNaCl)~(-1)). The cost-effective PVC and relatively good performance are suggestive of the potential electrodialysis application.
引文
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[23] Yi C, Sun Y, Hong P, et al. Low temperature UV irradiation induced the color change kinetics and the corresponding structure development of PVC film[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2011, 122(4):2588-2593.
[24] Hollande S, Laurent J L. Study of discolouring change in PVC,plasticizer and plasticized PVC films[J]. Polymer Degradation&Stability, 1997, 55(2):141-145.
[25] Bouchet R, Siebert E. Proton conduction in acid doped polybenzimidazole[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1999, 118(3/4):287-299.
[26] Wu M, Ye H L, Zhao F Q, et al. High-quality metal-organic framework ZIF-8 membrane supported on electrodeposited ZnO/2-methylimidazole nanocomposite:efficient adsorbent for the enrichment of acidic drugs[J].Scientific Reports, 2017:39778.
[27] Chen X, Jiang Y L, Yang S S, et al. Internal cross-linked anion exchange membranes with improved dimensional stability for electrodialysis[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 542:280-288.
[28] Pan J F, Ding J C, Zheng Y, et al. One-pot approach to prepare internally cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 553:43-53.
[29]童彬.聚合物基离子交换膜的制备、表征与应用[D].合肥中国科学技术大学, 2016.Tong B. Preparation, characterization and application of polymeric ion exchange membranes[D]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China, 2016.
[30] Liao J B, Chu Y Q, Zhang Q, et al. Fluoro-methyl sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone-co-benzimidazole)amphoteric ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 258:360-370.
[2] Duan X L, Wang C W, Wang T L, et al. A polysulfone based anion exchange membrane for phosphoric acid concentration and purification by electro-electrodialysis[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 552:86-94.
[3] Hong J G, Zhang B P, Glabman S, et al. Potential ion exchange membranes and system performance in reverse electrodialysis for power generation:a review[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2015, 486:71-88.
[4] M'bareck C O, Nguyen Q T, Alexandre S, et al. Fabrication of ion exchange ultrafiltration membranes for water treatment(Ⅰ):Semiinterpenetrating polymer networks of polysulfone and poly(acrylic acid)[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 278(1/2):10-18.
[5] Zhou T C, He X M, Lu Z Q. Studies on a novel anion exchange membrane based on chitosan and ionized organic compounds with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for alkaline fuel cells[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135(22):46323-46334.
[6] Arges C G, Ramani V. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy reveals cation triggered backbone degradation in polysulfonebased anion exchange membranes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(7):2490-2495.
[7] Qiu X, Ueda M, Fang Y, et al. Alkaline stable anion exchange membranes based on poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether ketone)backbones[J]. Polymer Chemistry, 2016, 7(38):5988-5995.
[8] Vinodh R, Ilakkiya A, Elamathi S, et al. A novel anion exchange membrane from polystyrene(ethylene butylene)polystyrene:synthesis and characterization[J]. Materials Science and Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid State Materials, 2010,167(1):43-50.
[9] Zhang H W, Zhou Z T. Alkaline polymer electrolyte membranes from quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)for direct methanol fuel cell[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008,110(3):1756-1762.
[10] Mei S, Xiao C F, Hu X Y. Preparation of porous PVC membrane via a phase inversion method from PVC/DMAc/water/additives[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011, 120(1):557-562.
[11] Hwang G, et al. Study on the preparation of polyvinyl chloride anion exchange membrane as a separator in the alkaline water electrolysis[J]. Membrane Journal, 2013, 23(6):469-474.
[12] Che Q T, Zhu Z F, Chen N, et al. Methyl imidazolium groupmodified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)doped with phosphoric acid for high temperature proton exchange membranes[J]. Materials&Design, 2015, 87:1047-1055.
[13] Balakrishnan B, Kumar D S, Yoshida Y, et al. Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride)resin using poly(ethylene glycol)to improve blood compatibility[J]. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(17):3495-3502.
[14] Wu H B, Li T, Liu B C, et al. Blended PVC/PVC-g-PEGMA ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced performance and antifouling properties[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 455:987-996.
[15] Tian J Y, Chen Z L, Yang Y L, et al. Consecutive chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane using NaOH and ethanol during ultrafiltration of river water[J]. Water Research, 2010, 44(1):59-68.
[16] Zhang X Z, Chen Y S, Konsowa A H, et al. Evaluation of an innovative polyvinyl chloride(PVC)ultrafiltration membrane for wastewater treatment[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2009, 70(1):71-78.
[17] Arsalan M, Rafiuddin. Binding nature of polystyrene and PVC 50:50%with CP and NP 50∶50%ion exchangeable, mechanically and thermally stable membrane[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014, 20(5):3283-3291.
[18] Gizli N,??narl?S, Demircio?lu M. Characterization of poly(vinylchloride)(PVC)based cation exchange membranes prepared with ionic liquid[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012,97:96-107.
[19] Hosseini S M, Gholami A, Madaeni S S, et al. Fabrication of(polyvinyl chloride/cellulose acetate)electrodialysis heterogeneous cation exchange membrane:characterization and performance in desalination process[J]. Desalination, 2012, 306:51-59.
[20] Hosseini S M, Madaeni S S, Heidari A R, et al. Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl chloride/styrene butadiene rubber blend heterogeneous cation exchange membrane modified by potassium perchlorate[J]. Desalination, 2011, 279(1/2/3):306-314.
[21]郑吉富,张所波,李胜海.一种PVC基聚合物及其制备方法以及一种PVC基均相阴离子交换膜及其制备方法:106220762A[P]. 2016.Zhen J F, Zhang S B, Li S H. A method for preparing PVC-based polymer and homogeneous anion exchange membrane:106220762A[P]. 2016.
[22] Hu J, Zhang C X, Cong J, et al. Plasma grafted alkaline anion exchange membranes based on polyvinyl chloride for potential application in direct alcohol fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2011, 196(10):4483-4490.
[23] Yi C, Sun Y, Hong P, et al. Low temperature UV irradiation induced the color change kinetics and the corresponding structure development of PVC film[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2011, 122(4):2588-2593.
[24] Hollande S, Laurent J L. Study of discolouring change in PVC,plasticizer and plasticized PVC films[J]. Polymer Degradation&Stability, 1997, 55(2):141-145.
[25] Bouchet R, Siebert E. Proton conduction in acid doped polybenzimidazole[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1999, 118(3/4):287-299.
[26] Wu M, Ye H L, Zhao F Q, et al. High-quality metal-organic framework ZIF-8 membrane supported on electrodeposited ZnO/2-methylimidazole nanocomposite:efficient adsorbent for the enrichment of acidic drugs[J].Scientific Reports, 2017:39778.
[27] Chen X, Jiang Y L, Yang S S, et al. Internal cross-linked anion exchange membranes with improved dimensional stability for electrodialysis[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 542:280-288.
[28] Pan J F, Ding J C, Zheng Y, et al. One-pot approach to prepare internally cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 553:43-53.
[29]童彬.聚合物基离子交换膜的制备、表征与应用[D].合肥中国科学技术大学, 2016.Tong B. Preparation, characterization and application of polymeric ion exchange membranes[D]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China, 2016.
[30] Liao J B, Chu Y Q, Zhang Q, et al. Fluoro-methyl sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone-co-benzimidazole)amphoteric ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 258:360-370.