不同芽孢杆菌处理对杏采后保鲜效果及诱导抗性的影响
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摘要
为明确芽孢杆菌对杏采后保鲜效果和诱导抗性机理,以"金太阳"杏果实为试材,营养肉汤(NB)培养基和无菌水作为对照,采用3种芽孢杆菌(HB-2、B1、B271)处理液分别对杏果实进行采前10天喷施处理和采后浸泡处理,并测定其贮藏过程中的腐烂率、抗病性相关酶活性及营养品质指标。结果表明:采用芽孢杆菌采前喷施处理后的杏果实在贮藏过程中感官品质显著好于对照组(P<0.05),且能有效降低果实腐烂率。采后浸泡芽孢杆菌处理也能有效降低腐烂率,HB-2和B1显著好于B271及对照组(P<0.05)。在采前喷施和采后浸泡两种方式处理中,HB-2效果均好于其他处理。同时,芽孢杆菌能提高杏果实的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,增强果实抗病性,延缓果实衰老。在采后贮藏过程中,3种芽孢杆菌亦能显著减缓杏果实VC含量、可滴定酸含量及硬度的降低(P<0.05),有效抑制丙二醛(MDA)的积累,维持果实品质。综合来看,芽孢杆菌处理在杏采后贮藏保鲜中具有较好潜力。
In order to investigate the effect of three Bacillus strains(HB-2, B1, B271) on the postharvest preservation and induced resistance of the 'Gold-Sun' apricot fruits. The apricot fruits were treated with three kinds of Bacillus solution by pre-harvest spraying and post-harvest soaking, and with NB medium and sterile water as control group. Besides, the rotting rate, the activities of disease resistance-related enzymes and the nutritional quality indicators were determined regularly during storage. The results showed that, the sensory quality of apricot samples treated with different Bacillus strains by pre-harvest spraying was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05), and the rotting rate of postharvest apricot reduced effectively. The Bacillus strains treatments by postharvest soaking also effectively reduced the decay rate of apricot, and the effects of Bacillus sp. HB-2 and B1 were significantly better than those of B271 and the control group(P<0.05). The effect of Bacillus sp. HB-2 was better than the other two strains both by pre-harvest spraying and post-harvest soaking. Bacillus sp. HB-2, B1 and B271 could enhance the activities of PPO and POD, the disease resistance of fruits, and delay the senescence of fruits. In addition,the three Bacillus strains also significantly delayed the decrease of VC content, titratable acid content and firmness,while inhibited effectively the accumulation of MDA and maintained fruits quality. In conclusion, Bacillus strains had good potential in the postharvest preservation of apricot fruit.
In order to investigate the effect of three Bacillus strains(HB-2, B1, B271) on the postharvest preservation and induced resistance of the 'Gold-Sun' apricot fruits. The apricot fruits were treated with three kinds of Bacillus solution by pre-harvest spraying and post-harvest soaking, and with NB medium and sterile water as control group. Besides, the rotting rate, the activities of disease resistance-related enzymes and the nutritional quality indicators were determined regularly during storage. The results showed that, the sensory quality of apricot samples treated with different Bacillus strains by pre-harvest spraying was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05), and the rotting rate of postharvest apricot reduced effectively. The Bacillus strains treatments by postharvest soaking also effectively reduced the decay rate of apricot, and the effects of Bacillus sp. HB-2 and B1 were significantly better than those of B271 and the control group(P<0.05). The effect of Bacillus sp. HB-2 was better than the other two strains both by pre-harvest spraying and post-harvest soaking. Bacillus sp. HB-2, B1 and B271 could enhance the activities of PPO and POD, the disease resistance of fruits, and delay the senescence of fruits. In addition,the three Bacillus strains also significantly delayed the decrease of VC content, titratable acid content and firmness,while inhibited effectively the accumulation of MDA and maintained fruits quality. In conclusion, Bacillus strains had good potential in the postharvest preservation of apricot fruit.
引文
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[8]范三红,李静,施俊凤.拮抗菌Burkholderia contaminans对玫瑰香葡萄采后灰霉病的抗性诱导[J].食品科学, 2016,37(2):266-270. DOI:7506/spkx1002-6630-201602047.
[9]邱德文.植物免疫与植物疫苗:研究与实践[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[10] GUTTER Y, LITTAUER F. Antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis against citrus fruit pathogens[J]. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 1953, 33(1):192-196.
[11] PUSEY P L, WILSON C L. Postharvest biological control of stone fruit brown rot by Bacillus subtilis[J]. Phytopathology,1990, 80(6):526-530.
[12] ZHOU T, SCHNEIDER K E, LI X Z. Development of biocontrol agents from food microbial isolates for controlling post-harvest peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008, 126(1-2):180-185. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.020.
[13]吕捷,陈云,朱从一,等.拮抗菌Bs43的鉴定、抑菌机理及其对采后柑橘绿霉病的生防效果[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):885-892,894. DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20140083.
[14]孙力军,王超男,孙德坤,等.植物内生菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2菌株对苹果青霉病的抑制效果[J].安徽科技学院学报,2008,22(1):16-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8772.2008.01.005.
[15]曹丽亚,陈大欢,郭荣艳,等.多黏类芽孢杆菌HT16对梨采后黑斑病的抑制效果[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(1):107-110. DOI:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2017.01.030.
[16]付岗,叶云峰,吴永官,等. 7株拮抗菌的鉴定及其对香蕉炭疽病的防治作用[J].热带作物学报, 2015, 36(2):358-364. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.02.023.
[17]张娜,郑香香,于晋泽,等.晚熟桃采后褐腐病致病菌的分离鉴定及拮抗菌对其防治效果的研究[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(2):102-107. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2018.02.020.
[18]马修钰,王猛,王玉峰. 1-MCP保鲜纸对油桃保鲜效果的影响[J].中国果菜, 2016, 36(8):6-9. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1038.2016.08.002.
[19]库尔班江,赛丽曼.碘量法测水果蔬菜中维生素C的含量[J].伊犁师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2007(3):28-32. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-999X.2007.03.007.
[20]付瑞敏,邢文会,常慧萍,等.生物可食性活性膜对红富士苹果采后防腐保鲜的研究[J].食品科技, 2016, 41(2):48-54. DOI:10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2016.02.009.
[21] ZHENG X L, TIAN S P, MENG X H, et al. Physiological and biochemical responses in peach fruit to oxalic acid treatment during storage at room temperature[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007,104(1):156-162. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.015.
[22]曲慧.解淀粉芽孢杆菌BP30对梨采后灰霉病病害的生物防治研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2016:21-22.
[23]秦晓杰.拮抗酵母菌提高草莓采后贮藏性及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014:11-39.
[24]毛淑波,朱娜,韦莹莹,等.采前喷施拮抗菌罗伦隐球酵母对草莓保鲜效果的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(4):344-348. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2013.04.010.
[25] NUNES C. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2012,133(1):181-196. DOI:10.1007/s10658-011-9919-7.
[26] ZHAO Y, WANG R L, TU K, et al. Efficacy of preharvest spraying with Pichia guilliermondii on postharvest decay and quality of cherry tomato fruit during storage[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,47(10):9613-9622. DOI:10.5897/ajb11.870.
[27] TIAN S P, QIN G Z, XU Y. Survival of antagonistic yeasts under field conditions and their biocontrol ability against postharvest diseases of sweet cherry[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2004,33(3):327-331. DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio,2004.03.010.
[28]秦国政,田世平,刘海波,等.拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导[J].中国农业科学, 2003,36(1):89-93. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2003.01.016.
[29] SCHNEIDER S, ULLRICH W R. Differential induction of resistance and enhanced enzyme activities in cucumber and tobacco caused by treatment with various abiotic and biotic inducers[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1994,45(4):291-304. DOI:10.1016/s0885-5765(05)80060-8.
[30] AHL-GOY P, FELIX G, METRAUX J P, et al. Resistance to disease in the hybrid Nicotiana glutinosa×Nicotiana debneyi is associated with high constitutive levels ofβ-1,3-glucanase,chitinase,peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1992,41(1):11-21. DOI:10.1016/0885-5765(92)90045-w.
[31] BELES F B, BILES C L. Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp[J]. Plant Physiology,1991, 95(1):269-273. DOI:10.1104/pp.95.1.269.
[32]杨振.枯草芽孢杆菌对油桃采后病害的生物防治及防治机理研究[D].天津:天津科技大学,2009:38-41. DOI:10.7666/d.y2083138.
[33]张丽,郁志芳,姜丽,等.淀粉液化芽孢杆菌ES-2发酵产物对贮藏期间“湖锦蜜露”水蜜桃品质和生理特性的影响[J].食品科学, 2009, 30(20):421-425.
[34]曹珍珍,周林燕,李淑荣,等.壳聚糖和魔芋精粉复合涂膜对大白杏保鲜效果的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(11):2051-2057. DOI:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.11.2051.
[35]胡欣洁,秦文,刘云,等.枯草芽孢杆菌Cy-29菌悬液处理对红阳猕猴桃贮藏期品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(16):322-325. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2013.16.016.
[36]王则金,苏大庆,杨艳芬,等.生物抑制剂处理结合低温冷藏对龙眼保鲜质量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2004(6):43-46,119. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2004.06.015.
[2]郑琪,徐秉良,薛应钰,等.杏采后病害病原拮抗菌的分离筛选及鉴定[J].植物保护, 2013, 39(4):34-39,71. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2013.04.008.
[3]殷晓慧,王庆国,张畅,等.桃果实褐腐病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其拮抗活性[J].食品工业科技, 2017,38(9):128-132,138. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2017.09.016.
[4]毕文慧,姚健,刘学俊,等.微生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展[J].食品工业科技, 2017,38(20):347-351.DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2017.20.063.
[5] TURNER J T, BACKMAN P A. Factors relating to peanut yield increases after seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis[J].Plant Disease, 1991,75(4):347-353. DOI:10.1094/PD-75-0347.
[6]赵新林,赵思峰.枯草芽孢杆菌对植物病害生物防治的作用机理[J].湖北农业科学, 2011,50(15):3025-3028. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0439-8114.2011.15.001.
[7]魏倩,张娜,张平,等.四种芽孢杆菌对蒜薹灰葡萄孢霉抑制作用的时效性研究[J].生物技术通报, 2017, 33(6):112-120. DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016-1216.
[8]范三红,李静,施俊凤.拮抗菌Burkholderia contaminans对玫瑰香葡萄采后灰霉病的抗性诱导[J].食品科学, 2016,37(2):266-270. DOI:7506/spkx1002-6630-201602047.
[9]邱德文.植物免疫与植物疫苗:研究与实践[M].北京:科学出版社, 2008.
[10] GUTTER Y, LITTAUER F. Antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis against citrus fruit pathogens[J]. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 1953, 33(1):192-196.
[11] PUSEY P L, WILSON C L. Postharvest biological control of stone fruit brown rot by Bacillus subtilis[J]. Phytopathology,1990, 80(6):526-530.
[12] ZHOU T, SCHNEIDER K E, LI X Z. Development of biocontrol agents from food microbial isolates for controlling post-harvest peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008, 126(1-2):180-185. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.020.
[13]吕捷,陈云,朱从一,等.拮抗菌Bs43的鉴定、抑菌机理及其对采后柑橘绿霉病的生防效果[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):885-892,894. DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20140083.
[14]孙力军,王超男,孙德坤,等.植物内生菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2菌株对苹果青霉病的抑制效果[J].安徽科技学院学报,2008,22(1):16-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8772.2008.01.005.
[15]曹丽亚,陈大欢,郭荣艳,等.多黏类芽孢杆菌HT16对梨采后黑斑病的抑制效果[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(1):107-110. DOI:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2017.01.030.
[16]付岗,叶云峰,吴永官,等. 7株拮抗菌的鉴定及其对香蕉炭疽病的防治作用[J].热带作物学报, 2015, 36(2):358-364. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.02.023.
[17]张娜,郑香香,于晋泽,等.晚熟桃采后褐腐病致病菌的分离鉴定及拮抗菌对其防治效果的研究[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(2):102-107. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2018.02.020.
[18]马修钰,王猛,王玉峰. 1-MCP保鲜纸对油桃保鲜效果的影响[J].中国果菜, 2016, 36(8):6-9. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1038.2016.08.002.
[19]库尔班江,赛丽曼.碘量法测水果蔬菜中维生素C的含量[J].伊犁师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2007(3):28-32. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-999X.2007.03.007.
[20]付瑞敏,邢文会,常慧萍,等.生物可食性活性膜对红富士苹果采后防腐保鲜的研究[J].食品科技, 2016, 41(2):48-54. DOI:10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2016.02.009.
[21] ZHENG X L, TIAN S P, MENG X H, et al. Physiological and biochemical responses in peach fruit to oxalic acid treatment during storage at room temperature[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007,104(1):156-162. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.015.
[22]曲慧.解淀粉芽孢杆菌BP30对梨采后灰霉病病害的生物防治研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2016:21-22.
[23]秦晓杰.拮抗酵母菌提高草莓采后贮藏性及机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014:11-39.
[24]毛淑波,朱娜,韦莹莹,等.采前喷施拮抗菌罗伦隐球酵母对草莓保鲜效果的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(4):344-348. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2013.04.010.
[25] NUNES C. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2012,133(1):181-196. DOI:10.1007/s10658-011-9919-7.
[26] ZHAO Y, WANG R L, TU K, et al. Efficacy of preharvest spraying with Pichia guilliermondii on postharvest decay and quality of cherry tomato fruit during storage[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,47(10):9613-9622. DOI:10.5897/ajb11.870.
[27] TIAN S P, QIN G Z, XU Y. Survival of antagonistic yeasts under field conditions and their biocontrol ability against postharvest diseases of sweet cherry[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2004,33(3):327-331. DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio,2004.03.010.
[28]秦国政,田世平,刘海波,等.拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导[J].中国农业科学, 2003,36(1):89-93. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2003.01.016.
[29] SCHNEIDER S, ULLRICH W R. Differential induction of resistance and enhanced enzyme activities in cucumber and tobacco caused by treatment with various abiotic and biotic inducers[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1994,45(4):291-304. DOI:10.1016/s0885-5765(05)80060-8.
[30] AHL-GOY P, FELIX G, METRAUX J P, et al. Resistance to disease in the hybrid Nicotiana glutinosa×Nicotiana debneyi is associated with high constitutive levels ofβ-1,3-glucanase,chitinase,peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1992,41(1):11-21. DOI:10.1016/0885-5765(92)90045-w.
[31] BELES F B, BILES C L. Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp[J]. Plant Physiology,1991, 95(1):269-273. DOI:10.1104/pp.95.1.269.
[32]杨振.枯草芽孢杆菌对油桃采后病害的生物防治及防治机理研究[D].天津:天津科技大学,2009:38-41. DOI:10.7666/d.y2083138.
[33]张丽,郁志芳,姜丽,等.淀粉液化芽孢杆菌ES-2发酵产物对贮藏期间“湖锦蜜露”水蜜桃品质和生理特性的影响[J].食品科学, 2009, 30(20):421-425.
[34]曹珍珍,周林燕,李淑荣,等.壳聚糖和魔芋精粉复合涂膜对大白杏保鲜效果的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(11):2051-2057. DOI:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.11.2051.
[35]胡欣洁,秦文,刘云,等.枯草芽孢杆菌Cy-29菌悬液处理对红阳猕猴桃贮藏期品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(16):322-325. DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2013.16.016.
[36]王则金,苏大庆,杨艳芬,等.生物抑制剂处理结合低温冷藏对龙眼保鲜质量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2004(6):43-46,119. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2004.06.015.