个体-家庭地方认同迭代的生命历程空间叙事
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摘要
在现代性构建和人的城镇化社会进程推动下,地方认同在发生转换和迭代的变化。与静态视角下地方认同的断面研究不同,论文基于生命历程和家的流动性的动态研究视角,以具有70 a时间跨度的个体-家庭为研究主体,对其地方认同随时空迁移的变化和社会意义进行了生活史式的跟踪解读。研究发现:在城乡迁移过程中,随着时空的转移和生活经历的层累,个体-家庭的地方认同发生了转换、迭代的动态变化。①这一动态变化与家的流动紧密联系在一起,流动中个体与家庭成员在不同生活区域的地方性产生了地方阻力与地方推力,二者综合作用的结果使得地方认同发生了迭代变化;②社会环境与社会场景、家庭角色、文化适应与个体行为调整是人的城镇化过程中地方认同迭代的重要影响因素;③家庭类型变化和代际差异会影响到地方认同迭代发生的幅度。
Driven by the social process of modernization and urbanization, place identity is undergoing transition and iteration. Different from other sectional studies of place identity from a static perspective, the authors adopted a dynamic perspective based on the life-course theory and mobility of home. The authors selected an individual and his family with a life span of 70 years as the research subject, tracked the change of their place identity with migration and through time, and analyzed its social meaning with a life-history approach. The conclusion is that, place identity undergoes dynamic changes, including transition and iteration during spatiotemporal transition and life experience accumulation, in the process of rural-urban migration of the earliest Guangzhou migrants, Mr. Y and his family(the individual-family subject). This dynamic change connects tightly with the mobility of home. While migrating, the individual and his family members produced place resistance and place thrust, which combined and resulted in the iteration of place identity. Social environment and social scenes, family roles, cultural adaptation, and individual behavior adjustments are important factors influencing place identity iteration in the process of urbanization. This case study also found that, the changes of family types and generation gap could affect the extent to which place identity iteration occur. Therefore: 1) Place identity is not a static sense of place. It will dynamically transform and iterate with the change of time and space and the layering of life experience. 2) The individual-family life course is an important dimension to elaborate and interpret the local economic and social development. The flow of the family is the basis for uncovering the iterative process of place identity. Because the flow of the family connects different places, the life and personality of the family members brand different localities in the process of flow, and then place identity changes dynamically. 3) Different macro geographic conditions are the binding conditions for the iterative change of individual-family place identity. The more places experienced by individual-family, the more likely that the place identity has an iterative process.
Driven by the social process of modernization and urbanization, place identity is undergoing transition and iteration. Different from other sectional studies of place identity from a static perspective, the authors adopted a dynamic perspective based on the life-course theory and mobility of home. The authors selected an individual and his family with a life span of 70 years as the research subject, tracked the change of their place identity with migration and through time, and analyzed its social meaning with a life-history approach. The conclusion is that, place identity undergoes dynamic changes, including transition and iteration during spatiotemporal transition and life experience accumulation, in the process of rural-urban migration of the earliest Guangzhou migrants, Mr. Y and his family(the individual-family subject). This dynamic change connects tightly with the mobility of home. While migrating, the individual and his family members produced place resistance and place thrust, which combined and resulted in the iteration of place identity. Social environment and social scenes, family roles, cultural adaptation, and individual behavior adjustments are important factors influencing place identity iteration in the process of urbanization. This case study also found that, the changes of family types and generation gap could affect the extent to which place identity iteration occur. Therefore: 1) Place identity is not a static sense of place. It will dynamically transform and iterate with the change of time and space and the layering of life experience. 2) The individual-family life course is an important dimension to elaborate and interpret the local economic and social development. The flow of the family is the basis for uncovering the iterative process of place identity. Because the flow of the family connects different places, the life and personality of the family members brand different localities in the process of flow, and then place identity changes dynamically. 3) Different macro geographic conditions are the binding conditions for the iterative change of individual-family place identity. The more places experienced by individual-family, the more likely that the place identity has an iterative process.
引文
白凯.2012.自我叙事式解读回族宗教活动空间的意义[J].地理学报,67(12):1698-1715.[Bai K.2012.The self-narrative style interpretation of Hui’s religious activity space.Acta Geographica Sinica,67(12):1698-1715.]
冯健,叶竹.2017.基于个体生命历程视角的苏南城镇化路径转变与市民化进程[J].地理科学进展,36(2):137-150.[Feng J,Ye Z.2017.Urban transformation and the progress of citizenization in Southern Jiangsu based on the perspective of life course.Progress in Geography,36(2):137-150.]
刘博,朱竑,袁振杰.2012.传统节庆在地方认同建构中的意义:以广州“迎春花市”为例[J].地理研究,31(12):2197-2208.[Liu B,Zhu H,Yuan Z J.2012.The significance of the traditional festival in the construction of place identity:A case study of the Winter Jasmine Flower Market in Guangzhou.Geographical Research,31(12):2197-2208.]
刘沛林.2015.新型城镇化建设中“留住乡愁”的理论与实践探索[J].地理研究,34(7):1205-1212.[Liu P L.2015.The theory and practice exploration of"remembering nostalgia"in the construction of new urbanization.Geographical Research,34(7):1205-1212.]
钱俊希,杨槿,朱竑.2015.现代性语境下地方性与身份认同的建构:以拉萨“藏漂”群体为例[J].地理学报,70(8):1281-1295.[Qian J X,Yang J,Zhu H.2015.The construction of placeness and identity in the context of China's emerging modernity:A case study of Han Chinese"drifters"in Lhasa,Tibet.Acta Geographica Sinica,70(8):1281-1295.]
乔小勇.2014.“人的城镇化”与“物的城镇化”的变迁过程:1978-2011年[J].改革,(4):88-99.[Qiao X Y.2014.The transition process of"human urbanization"and"urbanization of things":1978-2011.Reform,(4):88-99.]
汤佩,陶伟,丁传标,等.2017.西方人文地理学文献中的“家”[J].地域研究与开发,36(6):165-170.[Tang P,Tao W,Ding C B,et al.2017.Home in literatures of western human geography.Areal Research and Development,36(6):165-170.]
陶伟,丁传标.2015.家的解码:空间句法对家空间研究的内容与方法[J].地理科学,35(11):1364-1371.[Tao W,Ding C B.2015.Decoding homes:Application of space syntax to content and methods of home space.Scientia Geographica Sinica,35(11):1364-1371.]
汪芳,黄晓辉,俞曦.2009.旅游地地方感的游客认知研究[J].地理学报,64(10):1267-1277.[Wang F,Huang X H,Yu X.2009.Tourist cognition of sense of place in tourism attractions.Acta Geographica Sinica,64(10):1267-1277.]
许学强,周一星,宁越敏.1997.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.[Xu X Q,Zhou Y X,Ning Y M.1997.Urban geography.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press.]
姚毓春.2014.人的城镇化的政治经济学逻辑[J].当代经济研究,(7):19-25.[Yao Y C.2014.Logic of political economics in human urbanization.Contemporary Economic Research,(7):19-25.]
周尚意,杨鸿雁,孔翔.2011.地方性形成机制的结构主义与人文主义分析:以798和M50两个艺术区在城市地方性塑造中的作用为例[J].地理研究,30(9):1566-1576.[Zhou S Y,Yang H Y,Kong X.2011.The structuralistic and humanistic mechanism of placeness:A case study of798 and M50 art districts.Geographical Research,30(9):1566-1576.]
朱竑,李如铁,苏斌原.2016.微观视角下的移民地方感及其影响因素:以广州市城中村移民为例[J].地理学报,71(4):637-648.[Zhu H,Li R T,Su B Y.2016.The migrants'sense of place and its influencing factors on a microcosmic perspective:A case study of the migrants in the urban villages in Guangzhou.Acta Geographica Sinica,71(4):637-648.]
朱竑,钱俊希,陈晓亮.2010.地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识[J].人文地理,25(6):1-6.[Zhu H,Qian J X,Chen X L.2010.Place and identity:The rethink of place of European-American human geography.Human Geography,25(6):1-6.]
Blunt A,Dowling R.2006.Home[M].London,UK:Routledge.
Dixon J,Durrheim K.2004.Dislocating identity:Desegregation and the transformation of place[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,24(4):455-473.
Elder G H Jr.1985.Life course dynamics:Trajectories and transitions 1968-1980[M].Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press.
Elder G H Jr.1991.Making the best of life:Perspectives on lives,times,and aging[J].Generations-Journal of the American Society on Aging,15(1):12-17.
Elder G H Jr.1994.Time,human agency,and social change:Perspectives on the life course[J].Social Psychology Quarterly,57(1):4-15.
Fiona A,Mackenzie D.2004.Place and the art of belonging[J].Cultural Geographies,11(2):115-137.
Korpela K M.1989.Place-identity as a product of environmental self-regulation[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,9(3):241-256.
Proshansky H M.1978.The city and self identity[J].Environment and Behavior,10(2):147-169.
Proshansky H M,Fabian A K,Kaminoff R.1983.Place-identity:Physical world socialization of the self[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,3(1):57-83.
Said E.1994.Culture and imperialism[M].New York,NY:Knopf.
Stedman R C.2003.Is it really just a social construction?The contribution of the physical environment to sense of place[J].Society&Natural Resources,16(8):671-685.
Thomas W,Znaniecki F.1996.The polish peasant in Europe and America:A classic work in immigration history[M].Chicago,IL:University of Illinois Press.
Tuan Y F.1975.Place-experiential perspective[J].Geographical Review,65(2):151-165.
Tuan Y F.2001.Space and place:The perspectives of experience[M].Minneapolis,MN:University of Minnesota Press.
Tuan Y F.2010.High places:Cultural geographies of mountains,ice and science[J].Progress in Human Geography,34(3):403-405.
Twigger-Ross C L,Uzzell D L.1996.Place and identity processes[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,16(3):205-220.
(1)1960年,前往广州林校求学的时候,Y叔父亲不希望孩子常常奔走在林校宿舍和SQ村,凭借早年在县城积累的人脉,拜托了住在广州河南(即珠江南岸,今属海珠区)的姚先生留宿Y叔。
(2)2004年,Y叔带着孙子孙女一大家回了一次SQ村,其目的是让孙辈有一次回乡的体验,而非重拾回乡的传统。更多的是一种象征的意义,似乎是Y叔在心里对自己和原籍家乡的一次巡航和交待。
(3)Y叔没有正面表达出对心事不成的态度,但可以看出他多年来一直怀揣的抱负一方面遇到了现实的阻碍,另一方面也不再是人生最重要的目标了。
冯健,叶竹.2017.基于个体生命历程视角的苏南城镇化路径转变与市民化进程[J].地理科学进展,36(2):137-150.[Feng J,Ye Z.2017.Urban transformation and the progress of citizenization in Southern Jiangsu based on the perspective of life course.Progress in Geography,36(2):137-150.]
刘博,朱竑,袁振杰.2012.传统节庆在地方认同建构中的意义:以广州“迎春花市”为例[J].地理研究,31(12):2197-2208.[Liu B,Zhu H,Yuan Z J.2012.The significance of the traditional festival in the construction of place identity:A case study of the Winter Jasmine Flower Market in Guangzhou.Geographical Research,31(12):2197-2208.]
刘沛林.2015.新型城镇化建设中“留住乡愁”的理论与实践探索[J].地理研究,34(7):1205-1212.[Liu P L.2015.The theory and practice exploration of"remembering nostalgia"in the construction of new urbanization.Geographical Research,34(7):1205-1212.]
钱俊希,杨槿,朱竑.2015.现代性语境下地方性与身份认同的建构:以拉萨“藏漂”群体为例[J].地理学报,70(8):1281-1295.[Qian J X,Yang J,Zhu H.2015.The construction of placeness and identity in the context of China's emerging modernity:A case study of Han Chinese"drifters"in Lhasa,Tibet.Acta Geographica Sinica,70(8):1281-1295.]
乔小勇.2014.“人的城镇化”与“物的城镇化”的变迁过程:1978-2011年[J].改革,(4):88-99.[Qiao X Y.2014.The transition process of"human urbanization"and"urbanization of things":1978-2011.Reform,(4):88-99.]
汤佩,陶伟,丁传标,等.2017.西方人文地理学文献中的“家”[J].地域研究与开发,36(6):165-170.[Tang P,Tao W,Ding C B,et al.2017.Home in literatures of western human geography.Areal Research and Development,36(6):165-170.]
陶伟,丁传标.2015.家的解码:空间句法对家空间研究的内容与方法[J].地理科学,35(11):1364-1371.[Tao W,Ding C B.2015.Decoding homes:Application of space syntax to content and methods of home space.Scientia Geographica Sinica,35(11):1364-1371.]
汪芳,黄晓辉,俞曦.2009.旅游地地方感的游客认知研究[J].地理学报,64(10):1267-1277.[Wang F,Huang X H,Yu X.2009.Tourist cognition of sense of place in tourism attractions.Acta Geographica Sinica,64(10):1267-1277.]
许学强,周一星,宁越敏.1997.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.[Xu X Q,Zhou Y X,Ning Y M.1997.Urban geography.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press.]
姚毓春.2014.人的城镇化的政治经济学逻辑[J].当代经济研究,(7):19-25.[Yao Y C.2014.Logic of political economics in human urbanization.Contemporary Economic Research,(7):19-25.]
周尚意,杨鸿雁,孔翔.2011.地方性形成机制的结构主义与人文主义分析:以798和M50两个艺术区在城市地方性塑造中的作用为例[J].地理研究,30(9):1566-1576.[Zhou S Y,Yang H Y,Kong X.2011.The structuralistic and humanistic mechanism of placeness:A case study of798 and M50 art districts.Geographical Research,30(9):1566-1576.]
朱竑,李如铁,苏斌原.2016.微观视角下的移民地方感及其影响因素:以广州市城中村移民为例[J].地理学报,71(4):637-648.[Zhu H,Li R T,Su B Y.2016.The migrants'sense of place and its influencing factors on a microcosmic perspective:A case study of the migrants in the urban villages in Guangzhou.Acta Geographica Sinica,71(4):637-648.]
朱竑,钱俊希,陈晓亮.2010.地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识[J].人文地理,25(6):1-6.[Zhu H,Qian J X,Chen X L.2010.Place and identity:The rethink of place of European-American human geography.Human Geography,25(6):1-6.]
Blunt A,Dowling R.2006.Home[M].London,UK:Routledge.
Dixon J,Durrheim K.2004.Dislocating identity:Desegregation and the transformation of place[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,24(4):455-473.
Elder G H Jr.1985.Life course dynamics:Trajectories and transitions 1968-1980[M].Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press.
Elder G H Jr.1991.Making the best of life:Perspectives on lives,times,and aging[J].Generations-Journal of the American Society on Aging,15(1):12-17.
Elder G H Jr.1994.Time,human agency,and social change:Perspectives on the life course[J].Social Psychology Quarterly,57(1):4-15.
Fiona A,Mackenzie D.2004.Place and the art of belonging[J].Cultural Geographies,11(2):115-137.
Korpela K M.1989.Place-identity as a product of environmental self-regulation[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,9(3):241-256.
Proshansky H M.1978.The city and self identity[J].Environment and Behavior,10(2):147-169.
Proshansky H M,Fabian A K,Kaminoff R.1983.Place-identity:Physical world socialization of the self[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,3(1):57-83.
Said E.1994.Culture and imperialism[M].New York,NY:Knopf.
Stedman R C.2003.Is it really just a social construction?The contribution of the physical environment to sense of place[J].Society&Natural Resources,16(8):671-685.
Thomas W,Znaniecki F.1996.The polish peasant in Europe and America:A classic work in immigration history[M].Chicago,IL:University of Illinois Press.
Tuan Y F.1975.Place-experiential perspective[J].Geographical Review,65(2):151-165.
Tuan Y F.2001.Space and place:The perspectives of experience[M].Minneapolis,MN:University of Minnesota Press.
Tuan Y F.2010.High places:Cultural geographies of mountains,ice and science[J].Progress in Human Geography,34(3):403-405.
Twigger-Ross C L,Uzzell D L.1996.Place and identity processes[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,16(3):205-220.
(1)1960年,前往广州林校求学的时候,Y叔父亲不希望孩子常常奔走在林校宿舍和SQ村,凭借早年在县城积累的人脉,拜托了住在广州河南(即珠江南岸,今属海珠区)的姚先生留宿Y叔。
(2)2004年,Y叔带着孙子孙女一大家回了一次SQ村,其目的是让孙辈有一次回乡的体验,而非重拾回乡的传统。更多的是一种象征的意义,似乎是Y叔在心里对自己和原籍家乡的一次巡航和交待。
(3)Y叔没有正面表达出对心事不成的态度,但可以看出他多年来一直怀揣的抱负一方面遇到了现实的阻碍,另一方面也不再是人生最重要的目标了。