京津冀地区耕地质量空间分布分形机制研究
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摘要
为了进一步推进京津冀耕地规划统筹和协调配置,实施耕地质量空间管制与全面提升机制,保障京津冀协同发展的耕地资源需求,采用GIS技术、分形理论、灰色关联度分析相结合的方法,系统研究京津冀耕地质量空间分布分形特征及其机制。主要结论为:京津冀耕地质量在空间上呈现规律分布的态势,具有南北差异明显、南高北低、区域边缘低、中间高的特征;分形理论可以用于京津冀耕地质量空间分布的结构特征研究,分形特征反映了京津冀耕地质量类型的空间形态复杂性和空间占据度。京津冀高等地空间结构最简单,形态最稳定,空间占据度在自然质量水平上最高,在经济质量水平上最低;中等地的空间结构和稳定性居中,但空间占据度最大;低等地空间结构复杂度、空间形态稳定性和空间占据度与高等地完全相反。影响京津冀耕地质量分形特征的主要因素是光温/气候等自然条件,农业生产条件和社会经济条件在此基础上进一步扰动了其分形特征。
In order to further promote the overall planning and coordination configuration of arable land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the space control and comprehensive upgrading mechanism is implemented about arable land quality,and the demand of coordinated development of arable land resource needs to be ensured. Fractal characteristics of spatial distribution of arable land quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its mechanism were studied by the combining means of GIS,fractal theory and grey relational grade analysis. Main conclusions can be drawn as: in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the quality of arable land showed a trend with certain regularity in space with the characteristics of obvious differences between the north and the south,which was high in south and low in north,low in regional edge,and high in middle region. There was less arable land but good quality in Beijing and Tianjin and a large number of arable land in Hebei; but the quality was generally not high. The fractal theory can be used to study the structural characteristics of the spatial distribution of arable land quality,fractal features represented the spatial form complexity and spatial occupation of arable land quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The spatial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was the simplest with the most stable form and the highest quality,and its space occupying was the highest at the natural quality level. While at the economic quality level it was remained the lowest; the spatial structure and stability of medium land were in the middle,but the space occupying was the largest; spatial structure complexity,the stability of space form and the space occupying of low quality arable land were opposite to the higher quality arable land. The main factors that affected the fractal characteristics of arable land quality were the natural conditions,such as light,temperature and climate,based on this,agricultural production conditions and socioeconomic conditions disturbed its fractal characteristics further.
In order to further promote the overall planning and coordination configuration of arable land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the space control and comprehensive upgrading mechanism is implemented about arable land quality,and the demand of coordinated development of arable land resource needs to be ensured. Fractal characteristics of spatial distribution of arable land quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its mechanism were studied by the combining means of GIS,fractal theory and grey relational grade analysis. Main conclusions can be drawn as: in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the quality of arable land showed a trend with certain regularity in space with the characteristics of obvious differences between the north and the south,which was high in south and low in north,low in regional edge,and high in middle region. There was less arable land but good quality in Beijing and Tianjin and a large number of arable land in Hebei; but the quality was generally not high. The fractal theory can be used to study the structural characteristics of the spatial distribution of arable land quality,fractal features represented the spatial form complexity and spatial occupation of arable land quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The spatial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was the simplest with the most stable form and the highest quality,and its space occupying was the highest at the natural quality level. While at the economic quality level it was remained the lowest; the spatial structure and stability of medium land were in the middle,but the space occupying was the largest; spatial structure complexity,the stability of space form and the space occupying of low quality arable land were opposite to the higher quality arable land. The main factors that affected the fractal characteristics of arable land quality were the natural conditions,such as light,temperature and climate,based on this,agricultural production conditions and socioeconomic conditions disturbed its fractal characteristics further.
引文
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6李昭阳,汤洁,孙平安,等.松嫩平原西南部土地利用动态变化的分形研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):250-258.LI Zhaoyang,TANG Jie,SUN Ping'an,et al.Fractal research on dynamic change of land resources in southwest of Songnen Plain[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(2):250-258.(in Chinese)
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8胡乔利,齐永青,胡引翠,等.京津冀地区土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1182-1189.HU Qiaoli,QI Yongqing,HU Yincui,et al.Changes and dirving forces of land ues/cover and landscape patterns in BeijingTianjin-Hebei region[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1182-1189.(in Chinese)
9闫苗苗,李家存,任丽丽.京津冀地区土地利用及典型城市景观格局分析[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(2):69-72,8-9.YAN Miaomiao,LI Jiacun,REN Lili.Analysis of land use and typical urban landscape pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Geospatial Information,2016,14(2):69-72,8-9.(in Chinese)
10吕昌河,王涛.京津冀地区耕地变化分析及未来趋势预测[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(3):500-506.LChanghe,WANG Tao.Farmland change and feature trend in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Journal of Shanxi University:Natural Science Edition,2011,34(3):500-506.(in Chinese)
11王磊,刘逢媛,李双成,等.耕地非农化格局的演变及其影响因子分析---以京津冀都市圈为例[J].中国土地科学,2008,22(1):32-38.WANG Lei,LIU Fengyuan,LI Shuangcheng,et al.Cultivated land conversion pattern and impact factors in urban agglomeration:a case study on urban agglomeration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province[J].China Land Sciences,2008,22(1):32-38.(in Chinese)
12李鹏山,吕雅慧,张超,等.基于核密度估计的京津冀地区耕地破碎化分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):281-287.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160538&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.038.LI Pengshan,LYahui,ZHANG Chao,et al.Analysis of cultivated land fragmentation based on kernel density estimation for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):281-287.(in Chinese)
13宁小李.京津冀地区耕地集约利用空间格局及其影响因素分析[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.NING Xiaoli.Analysis of spatial pattern of the intensive utilization of cultivated land its impact factors in the Beijing-TianjinHebei region[D].Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei,2015.(in Chinese)
14孔祥斌,张青璞.中国西部区耕地等别空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):1-7.KONG Xiangbin,ZHANG Qingpu.Spatial distribution characteristics of arable land grade in Western China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22):1-7.(in Chinese)
15任奎,周生路,张红富,等.江苏农用地资源质量空间格局及影响机制研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):127-134,313.REN Kui,ZHOU Shenglu,ZHANG Hongfu,et al.Spatial pattern and influence mechanism of farmland resources quality in Jiangsu Province[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(4):127-134,313.(in Chinese)
16贾树海,邱志伟,潘锦华.辽宁省农用地质量空间分布格局及影响因素研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(5):1143-1150.JIA Shuhai,QIU Zhiwei,PAN Jinhua.Spatial distribution pattern of agricultural land resources quality and influence factors in Liaoning province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(5):1143-1150.(in Chinese)
17魏洪斌,吴克宁,赵华甫,等.中国中部粮食主产区耕地等别空间分布特征[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1552-1560.WEI Hongbin,WU Kening,ZHAO Huafu,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality gradation in the main grain production area of central China[J].Resources Science,2015,37(8):1552-1560.(in Chinese)
18熊昌盛,韦仕川,栾乔林,等.基于Moran's I分析方法的耕地质量空间差异研究---以广东省广宁县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2066-2074.XIONG Changsheng,WEI Shichuan,LUAN Qiaolin,et al.Spatial pattern disparity and cultivated land quality based on Moran's I analysis[J].Resources Science,2014,36(10):2066-2074.(in Chinese)
19魏成林,刘辉.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(北京卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
20吴延龙.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(天津卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
21蔡博广,许暤.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(河北卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
22余世孝,郭泺.山东泰山地区景观结构变化及其分形分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):129-134.YU Shixiao,GUO Luo.Landscape structures and fractal analyses of Taishan Mountain,Shandong Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(1):129-134.(in Chinese)
23孙芳芳.浅议灰色关联度分析方法及其应用[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):880-882.
24田民,刘思峰,卜志坤.灰色关联度算法模型的研究综述[J].统计与决策,2008(1):24-27.
25施泽进,罗蛰潭,彭大钧,等.四川盆地油气田空间分布的分形特征[J].地球科学,1995,20(1):68-72.SHI Zejin,LUO Zhetan,PENG Dajun,et al.Fractal characteristics of spatial distribution of oil-gas fields in Sichuan Bain[J].Earth Science,1995,20(1):68-72.(in Chinese)
26郧文聚.农用地分等及其应用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.YUN Wenju.Agricultural land classification and its application[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
27陈光,高然,张世文,等.基于多维分形法的土壤养分空间预测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):159-168.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150822&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.022.CHEN Guang,GAO Ran,ZHANG Shiwen,et al.Spatial predictoin of soil nutrients based on multi-dimensional fractal methods[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):159-168.(in Chinese)
2王展,张玉龙,虞娜,等.冻融作用对土壤微团聚体特征及分形维数的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):83-88.WANG Zhan,ZHANG Yulong,YU Na,et al.Effects of freezing-thawing on characteristics and fractal dimensions of soil microaggregates[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):83-88.(in Chinese)
3高义,苏奋振,周成虎,等.基于分形的中国大陆海岸线尺度效应研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):331-339.GAO Yi,SU Fenzhen,ZHOU Chenghu,et al.Scale effects of china mainland coastline based on fractal theory[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(3):331-339.(in Chinese)
4沈惊宏,陆玉麒,兰小机.基于分形理论的公路交通网络与区域经济发展关系的研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(6):658-665.SHEN Jinghong,LU Yuqi,LAN Xiaoji.Relationship between the road network and regional economic development based on the fractal theory[J].Geographical Research,2012,32(6):658-665.(in Chinese)
5叶长盛,董玉祥.珠江三角洲土地利用分形特征及其影响机制[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):330-335,404.YE Changsheng,DONG Yuxiang.Fractal analysis of land use in Zhujiang River Delta[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):330-335,404.(in Chinese)
6李昭阳,汤洁,孙平安,等.松嫩平原西南部土地利用动态变化的分形研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):250-258.LI Zhaoyang,TANG Jie,SUN Ping'an,et al.Fractal research on dynamic change of land resources in southwest of Songnen Plain[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(2):250-258.(in Chinese)
7李保杰,顾和和,纪亚洲.矿区土地利用分形特征动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):233-240,302.LI Baojie,GU Hehe,JI Yazhou.Dynamic change of land use fractal characteristic in mining area[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(21):233-240,302.(in Chinese)
8胡乔利,齐永青,胡引翠,等.京津冀地区土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化及驱动力分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1182-1189.HU Qiaoli,QI Yongqing,HU Yincui,et al.Changes and dirving forces of land ues/cover and landscape patterns in BeijingTianjin-Hebei region[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1182-1189.(in Chinese)
9闫苗苗,李家存,任丽丽.京津冀地区土地利用及典型城市景观格局分析[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(2):69-72,8-9.YAN Miaomiao,LI Jiacun,REN Lili.Analysis of land use and typical urban landscape pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Geospatial Information,2016,14(2):69-72,8-9.(in Chinese)
10吕昌河,王涛.京津冀地区耕地变化分析及未来趋势预测[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(3):500-506.LChanghe,WANG Tao.Farmland change and feature trend in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Journal of Shanxi University:Natural Science Edition,2011,34(3):500-506.(in Chinese)
11王磊,刘逢媛,李双成,等.耕地非农化格局的演变及其影响因子分析---以京津冀都市圈为例[J].中国土地科学,2008,22(1):32-38.WANG Lei,LIU Fengyuan,LI Shuangcheng,et al.Cultivated land conversion pattern and impact factors in urban agglomeration:a case study on urban agglomeration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province[J].China Land Sciences,2008,22(1):32-38.(in Chinese)
12李鹏山,吕雅慧,张超,等.基于核密度估计的京津冀地区耕地破碎化分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):281-287.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160538&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.038.LI Pengshan,LYahui,ZHANG Chao,et al.Analysis of cultivated land fragmentation based on kernel density estimation for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):281-287.(in Chinese)
13宁小李.京津冀地区耕地集约利用空间格局及其影响因素分析[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.NING Xiaoli.Analysis of spatial pattern of the intensive utilization of cultivated land its impact factors in the Beijing-TianjinHebei region[D].Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei,2015.(in Chinese)
14孔祥斌,张青璞.中国西部区耕地等别空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):1-7.KONG Xiangbin,ZHANG Qingpu.Spatial distribution characteristics of arable land grade in Western China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22):1-7.(in Chinese)
15任奎,周生路,张红富,等.江苏农用地资源质量空间格局及影响机制研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):127-134,313.REN Kui,ZHOU Shenglu,ZHANG Hongfu,et al.Spatial pattern and influence mechanism of farmland resources quality in Jiangsu Province[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(4):127-134,313.(in Chinese)
16贾树海,邱志伟,潘锦华.辽宁省农用地质量空间分布格局及影响因素研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(5):1143-1150.JIA Shuhai,QIU Zhiwei,PAN Jinhua.Spatial distribution pattern of agricultural land resources quality and influence factors in Liaoning province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(5):1143-1150.(in Chinese)
17魏洪斌,吴克宁,赵华甫,等.中国中部粮食主产区耕地等别空间分布特征[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1552-1560.WEI Hongbin,WU Kening,ZHAO Huafu,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality gradation in the main grain production area of central China[J].Resources Science,2015,37(8):1552-1560.(in Chinese)
18熊昌盛,韦仕川,栾乔林,等.基于Moran's I分析方法的耕地质量空间差异研究---以广东省广宁县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2066-2074.XIONG Changsheng,WEI Shichuan,LUAN Qiaolin,et al.Spatial pattern disparity and cultivated land quality based on Moran's I analysis[J].Resources Science,2014,36(10):2066-2074.(in Chinese)
19魏成林,刘辉.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(北京卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
20吴延龙.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(天津卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
21蔡博广,许暤.中国耕地质量等级调查与评定(河北卷)[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2010.
22余世孝,郭泺.山东泰山地区景观结构变化及其分形分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):129-134.YU Shixiao,GUO Luo.Landscape structures and fractal analyses of Taishan Mountain,Shandong Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(1):129-134.(in Chinese)
23孙芳芳.浅议灰色关联度分析方法及其应用[J].科技信息,2010,2(17):880-882.
24田民,刘思峰,卜志坤.灰色关联度算法模型的研究综述[J].统计与决策,2008(1):24-27.
25施泽进,罗蛰潭,彭大钧,等.四川盆地油气田空间分布的分形特征[J].地球科学,1995,20(1):68-72.SHI Zejin,LUO Zhetan,PENG Dajun,et al.Fractal characteristics of spatial distribution of oil-gas fields in Sichuan Bain[J].Earth Science,1995,20(1):68-72.(in Chinese)
26郧文聚.农用地分等及其应用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.YUN Wenju.Agricultural land classification and its application[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
27陈光,高然,张世文,等.基于多维分形法的土壤养分空间预测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):159-168.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150822&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.08.022.CHEN Guang,GAO Ran,ZHANG Shiwen,et al.Spatial predictoin of soil nutrients based on multi-dimensional fractal methods[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):159-168.(in Chinese)