我国马铃薯产量和化肥利用率区域特征研究
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摘要
【目的】本研究汇总马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)田间试验数据,分析中国马铃薯产区施用氮、磷和钾肥的马铃薯产量(可获得产量、产量反应和相对产量)及肥料利用率特征,以期为优化马铃薯养分管理奠定理论基础。【方法】本试验数据来源于:1)国际植物营养研究所(International Plant Nutrition Institute, IPNI)1992—2012年间在我国马铃薯主产区开展的117个田间试验;2)采用字段或字段组合(马铃薯,马铃薯+产量,马铃薯+利用率,等)在中国知网数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)检索的2000—2016年间407篇马铃薯田间试验中文文献。将我国马铃薯种植区分为东北(NE)、西北(NW)、华北(NC)、长江中下游(MLYR)、东南(SE)和西南(SW)产区。试验处理包括氮磷钾肥优化处理(OPT)、不施氮(OPT-N)处理、不施磷(OPT-P)处理和不施钾(OPT-K)处理,研究我国马铃薯不同种植区优化施肥下马铃薯可获得产量,氮、磷和钾肥产量反应,相对产量,农学效率,偏生产力和养分回收率特征。【结果】我国马铃薯施用氮、磷和钾产量反应平均分别为8.6、5.9和6.6 t/hm~2,氮素是马铃薯产量的首要限制因子,东北地区产量及施氮产量反应平均值显著高于其他地区(P <0.05)。马铃薯施氮、磷、钾相对产量平均值分别为71.0%、79.4%、77.2%,其中,华北地区施氮相对产量平均值最高,东南地区施磷相对产量平均值最高,西北地区施钾相对产量平均值最高。马铃薯氮、磷和钾肥用量平均分别为N 164.2 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 100.3 kg/hm~2和K_2O 188.0 kg/hm2,东南地区氮和钾肥用量平均值显著高于其他地区(P <0.05),东北地区施氮量和施钾量较低,东北、西南和西北施磷量高于其他地区,长江中下游施磷量最低。马铃薯氮、磷和钾素农学效率平均值分别为52.2 kg/kg N、58.5 kg/kg P_2O_5和42.3 kg/kgK_2O,东北地区氮和钾素农学效率平均值显著高于其他地区(P <0.05)。马铃薯氮、磷和钾素偏生产力平均值分别为205.7 kg/kg N、339.0 kg/kg P_2O_5和209.2 kg/kg K_2O,东北地区氮和钾素偏生产力平均值分别显著(P <0.05)高于其他地区。马铃薯氮、磷和钾素养分回收率平均值分别为36.4%、18.5%和27.6%,东南地区磷素回收率平均值显著高于其它地区(P <0.05)。【结论】我国马铃薯不同产区产量、施肥量和肥料利用率差异较大,氮素是马铃薯产量的第一限制因子,华北地区氮素、东南地区磷素和西北地区钾素土壤基础养分供应能力相对较高,不同地区马铃薯需要因地制宜,制定有针对性的马铃薯优化施肥方案。
【Objectives】Large datasets were collected from field experiments on potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) to evaluate attainable yield, yield response, relative yield, and nutrient use efficiency parameters to N, P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizers added in different potato production regions of China. It aimed to provide a basis for potato nutrient management strategies.【Methods】The datasets were collected from 117 field experiments conducted by the International Plant Nutrition Institute(IPNI), China Program during 1992–2012 and 407 related journal papers from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database with the key words "potato","potato yield" and "potato efficiency" during 2000–2016 in different potato production regions of China. Potato production in China was divided into six geographic regions, i.e., Northeast(NE), Northwest(NW),Northcentral(NC), Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River(MLYR), Southeast(SE), and Southwest(SW). The treatments consisted of an optimal treatment(OPT) and the treatments with omission of N, P_2O_5 or K_2O(OPT-N, OPT-P, OPT-K). Attainable potato yields, yield responses(YRs), relative yields(RYs), agronomic efficiencies(AEs), partial factor productivities(PFPs), and recovery efficiencies(REs) were analyzed and discussed.【Results】The average YRs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizers were 8.6, 5.9 and 6.6 t/hm~2, showing N was the most limited nutrient for potato yield in China. Among different regions, the average attainable yield and YR of N ranked first in NE region(P < 0.05). The average RYs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 71.0%, 79.4% and 77.2% respectively; the average RYs of N in NC, those of P_2O_5 in SE, those of K_2O in NW were the highest across different regions. The N, P_2O_5 or K_2O rates averaged by 164, 100 and 188 kg/hm2 across different regions, and the average N and K_2O rates in SE region were shown to be the highest(P < 0.05), the average N and K_2O rates in NE region were lower, the P_2O_5 rates in NE, SW and NW were higher across different regions with the lowest P_2O_5 rates in MLYR. The average AEs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 52.5, 58.5 and 42.3 kg/kg respectively, and AEs of N or K_2O in NE were the highest(P < 0.05). The averaged PFPs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 205, 339 and 209 kg/kg respectively, and those of N or K_2O in NE was the highest(P < 0.05). The REs of N, P_2O_5 or K_2O averaged by36.4%, 18.5% and 27.6%, and REs of P_2O_5 in SE were observed to be with the highest values(P < 0.05).【Conclusions】 There are great differences in tuber yields, fertilizer application rates, and fertilizer use efficiencies across different potato production areas in China. N is the most yield-limiting factor for potato in China, while NC, SE and NW showed high soil indigenous nutrient supply of N, P and K, respectively. The optimal fertilization management of potato should be directed according to local conditions in different potato production areas.
【Objectives】Large datasets were collected from field experiments on potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) to evaluate attainable yield, yield response, relative yield, and nutrient use efficiency parameters to N, P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizers added in different potato production regions of China. It aimed to provide a basis for potato nutrient management strategies.【Methods】The datasets were collected from 117 field experiments conducted by the International Plant Nutrition Institute(IPNI), China Program during 1992–2012 and 407 related journal papers from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database with the key words "potato","potato yield" and "potato efficiency" during 2000–2016 in different potato production regions of China. Potato production in China was divided into six geographic regions, i.e., Northeast(NE), Northwest(NW),Northcentral(NC), Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River(MLYR), Southeast(SE), and Southwest(SW). The treatments consisted of an optimal treatment(OPT) and the treatments with omission of N, P_2O_5 or K_2O(OPT-N, OPT-P, OPT-K). Attainable potato yields, yield responses(YRs), relative yields(RYs), agronomic efficiencies(AEs), partial factor productivities(PFPs), and recovery efficiencies(REs) were analyzed and discussed.【Results】The average YRs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizers were 8.6, 5.9 and 6.6 t/hm~2, showing N was the most limited nutrient for potato yield in China. Among different regions, the average attainable yield and YR of N ranked first in NE region(P < 0.05). The average RYs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 71.0%, 79.4% and 77.2% respectively; the average RYs of N in NC, those of P_2O_5 in SE, those of K_2O in NW were the highest across different regions. The N, P_2O_5 or K_2O rates averaged by 164, 100 and 188 kg/hm2 across different regions, and the average N and K_2O rates in SE region were shown to be the highest(P < 0.05), the average N and K_2O rates in NE region were lower, the P_2O_5 rates in NE, SW and NW were higher across different regions with the lowest P_2O_5 rates in MLYR. The average AEs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 52.5, 58.5 and 42.3 kg/kg respectively, and AEs of N or K_2O in NE were the highest(P < 0.05). The averaged PFPs of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were 205, 339 and 209 kg/kg respectively, and those of N or K_2O in NE was the highest(P < 0.05). The REs of N, P_2O_5 or K_2O averaged by36.4%, 18.5% and 27.6%, and REs of P_2O_5 in SE were observed to be with the highest values(P < 0.05).【Conclusions】 There are great differences in tuber yields, fertilizer application rates, and fertilizer use efficiencies across different potato production areas in China. N is the most yield-limiting factor for potato in China, while NC, SE and NW showed high soil indigenous nutrient supply of N, P and K, respectively. The optimal fertilization management of potato should be directed according to local conditions in different potato production areas.
引文
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