不同灌水量对温室茄子蒸腾规律及水分利用的影响
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摘要
以茄子为试验对象,以直径20 cm标准蒸发皿蒸发量为灌溉依据,通过设置I1(K_(cp1):0.6)、I2(K_(cp2):0.8)和I3(K_(cp3):1.0) 3种灌水水平,借助称重式蒸渗仪试验平台研究了不同灌水量下温室秋茬茄子的蒸腾规律、产量及其水分利用效率。结果表明:不同灌水处理在各生育期的典型日蒸腾强度均呈单峰曲线变化,峰值在12∶00-13∶00出现。增加灌水量提高了日蒸腾强度的峰值,与处理I1相比,处理I2和I3在开花结果期的日蒸腾耗水强度的峰值分别增加了40.0%和55.0%。温室秋茬茄子在开花结果期的蒸腾量最高,为35.3～49.9 mm,可占总蒸腾量的38.7%～42.0%,其次为结果盛期,而结果末期的累积蒸腾量最低。环境因子显著影响到温室茄子日蒸腾量(P<0.01),其中日蒸腾量与光合有效辐射的相关性最高,而与日均温度的相关性较低。温室茄子的全生育期蒸腾量随灌水量的增加而升高,相比处理I1,处理I2和I3的总蒸腾量分别增加了24.9%和53.2%。增加灌水量能够提高温室茄子产量,但处理I2的产量相比处理I3并无显著差异,且比处理I1显著增加了44.7%。处理I2的水分利用效率最高,为25.5 kg/m~3,相比处理I1与I3分别增加了16.0%与13.3%。综合考虑温室茄子蒸腾耗水强度、产量及水分利用效率,处理I2(K_(cp2):0.8)在比处理I3减少20%灌水量的条件下,仍具有较高的产量与水分利用效率,为供试条件下较优灌水处理。
Based on the weighing lysimeter system and the 20 cm diameter pan,the effects of three irrigation water levels( I1,K_(cp1): 0.6; I2,K_(cp2): 0.8; I3,K_(cp3): 1.0) on greenhouse eggplant transpiration,yield and water use efficiency in autumn are studied. The results show that the diurnal variation curves of transpiration rate under the different irrigation treatments has a single-peak,and the peak appears at 12 ∶ 00-13 ∶ 00.The peak transpiration rate increases with the increase in irrigation volumes. Compared with treatment I1,the transpiration rate of treatments I2 and I3 has increased by 40.0% and 55.0% in blossom and fruit-set periods,respectively. The amount of transpiration is higher( 35.3～49.9 mm) in blossom and fruit-set periods than in other growth periods,which accounts for 8.7% ～42.0% of the total transpiration amount. Environmental factors significantly affect the daily transpiration of eggplant in greenhouses( P < 0. 01),in which the daily transpiration has the highest correlation with photosynthetic effective radiation and the lower correlation with the daily average temperature.The total transpiration amount of treatments I2 and I3 increased compared with treatment I1,with the increases of 24. 9% and 53. 2%respectively. Increasing the amount of irrigation can increase the greenhouse eggplant yield. The yield of treatment I2 is not significantly different from that of treatment I3,but increases by 44. 7% compared with that of treatment I1. Treatment I2 has the highest water use efficiency( 25.5 kg/m3),which has increased by 15.9% and 13.3% compared with treatments I1 and I3,respectively. Considering the transpiration rate,yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant,treatment I2( K_(cp2): 0.8) is the better irrigation level,which can reduce the irrigation amount and increase the yield and water use efficiency.
Based on the weighing lysimeter system and the 20 cm diameter pan,the effects of three irrigation water levels( I1,K_(cp1): 0.6; I2,K_(cp2): 0.8; I3,K_(cp3): 1.0) on greenhouse eggplant transpiration,yield and water use efficiency in autumn are studied. The results show that the diurnal variation curves of transpiration rate under the different irrigation treatments has a single-peak,and the peak appears at 12 ∶ 00-13 ∶ 00.The peak transpiration rate increases with the increase in irrigation volumes. Compared with treatment I1,the transpiration rate of treatments I2 and I3 has increased by 40.0% and 55.0% in blossom and fruit-set periods,respectively. The amount of transpiration is higher( 35.3～49.9 mm) in blossom and fruit-set periods than in other growth periods,which accounts for 8.7% ～42.0% of the total transpiration amount. Environmental factors significantly affect the daily transpiration of eggplant in greenhouses( P < 0. 01),in which the daily transpiration has the highest correlation with photosynthetic effective radiation and the lower correlation with the daily average temperature.The total transpiration amount of treatments I2 and I3 increased compared with treatment I1,with the increases of 24. 9% and 53. 2%respectively. Increasing the amount of irrigation can increase the greenhouse eggplant yield. The yield of treatment I2 is not significantly different from that of treatment I3,but increases by 44. 7% compared with that of treatment I1. Treatment I2 has the highest water use efficiency( 25.5 kg/m3),which has increased by 15.9% and 13.3% compared with treatments I1 and I3,respectively. Considering the transpiration rate,yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant,treatment I2( K_(cp2): 0.8) is the better irrigation level,which can reduce the irrigation amount and increase the yield and water use efficiency.
引文
[1]李银坤,郭文忠,薛绪掌,等.不同灌溉施肥模式对温室番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(19):3757-3 765.
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[5]赵莹,李波,王铁良,等.小管出流条件下日光温室茄子耗水规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(3):33-38.
[6]张大龙,张中典,李建明.环境因子对温室甜瓜蒸腾的驱动和调控效应研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):137-144.
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[9]张大龙,常毅博,李建明,等.大棚甜瓜蒸腾规律及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):953-962.
[10]张婷华.土壤水分胁迫对温室番茄蒸腾的影响及模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.
[11]翟胜,梁银丽,王巨媛,等.土壤水分对日光温室黄瓜生长发育及光合特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(2):187-191.
[12]LI Yinkun,WANG Lichun,XUE Xuzhang,et al.Comparison of drip fertigation and negative pressure fertigation on soil water dynamics and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato grown in the North China Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,184:1-8.
[13]MIRANDA F R,GONDIM R S,COSTA C A G.Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for tabasco pepper(Capsicum frutescens L.)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,82:237-246.
[14]王燕丛.日光温室茄子调亏灌溉节水机理研究[D].河北邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.
[15]王益奎,黎炎,李文嘉.不同基因型茄子叶片光响应和水分利用效率研究[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):916-921.
[16]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪的日光温室黄瓜蒸腾规律研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):52-56.
[17]仝国栋,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.不同水分处理对茄子生长与产量品质的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(6):540-545.
[18]李银坤,武雪萍,吴会军,等.水氮互作对温室黄瓜光合特征与产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(6):1 170-1 175.
[19]王雪梅,韩红亮,曹红霞.水氮耦合对温室番茄光合和蒸腾速率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(2):26-28.
[20]裴芸,别之龙,杨小峰.不同灌水量对生菜生长和光合作用的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(1):98-101.
[21]龚雪文,孙景生,刘浩,等.基于20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量制定的华北地区温室黄瓜滴灌灌水制度[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3 381-3 388.
[2]LIANG Xinshu,GAO Yinan,ZHANG Xiaoying,et al.Effect of Optimal Daily Fertigation on Migration of Water and Salt in Soil,Root Growth and Fruit Yield of Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)in SolarGreenhouse[J].Plos One,2014,9(1):e86975.
[3]李霞.设施蔬菜蒸腾调控机理与方法的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[4]LIU Hao,DUAN Ai wang,LI Fusheng,et al.Drip Irrigation Scheduling for Tomato Grown in Solar Greenhouse Based on Pan Evaporation in North China Plain[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(3):520-531.
[5]赵莹,李波,王铁良,等.小管出流条件下日光温室茄子耗水规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(3):33-38.
[6]张大龙,张中典,李建明.环境因子对温室甜瓜蒸腾的驱动和调控效应研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):137-144.
[7]QIU Rangjian,KANG Shaozhong,DU Taisheng,et al.Effect of convection on the Penman-Monteith model estimates of transpiration of hot pepper grown in solar greenhouse[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,160:163-171.
[8]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪的日光温室黄瓜蒸腾规律研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):52-56.
[9]张大龙,常毅博,李建明,等.大棚甜瓜蒸腾规律及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):953-962.
[10]张婷华.土壤水分胁迫对温室番茄蒸腾的影响及模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.
[11]翟胜,梁银丽,王巨媛,等.土壤水分对日光温室黄瓜生长发育及光合特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(2):187-191.
[12]LI Yinkun,WANG Lichun,XUE Xuzhang,et al.Comparison of drip fertigation and negative pressure fertigation on soil water dynamics and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato grown in the North China Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,184:1-8.
[13]MIRANDA F R,GONDIM R S,COSTA C A G.Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for tabasco pepper(Capsicum frutescens L.)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,82:237-246.
[14]王燕丛.日光温室茄子调亏灌溉节水机理研究[D].河北邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.
[15]王益奎,黎炎,李文嘉.不同基因型茄子叶片光响应和水分利用效率研究[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):916-921.
[16]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.基于大型称重式蒸渗仪的日光温室黄瓜蒸腾规律研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):52-56.
[17]仝国栋,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.不同水分处理对茄子生长与产量品质的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(6):540-545.
[18]李银坤,武雪萍,吴会军,等.水氮互作对温室黄瓜光合特征与产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(6):1 170-1 175.
[19]王雪梅,韩红亮,曹红霞.水氮耦合对温室番茄光合和蒸腾速率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(2):26-28.
[20]裴芸,别之龙,杨小峰.不同灌水量对生菜生长和光合作用的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(1):98-101.
[21]龚雪文,孙景生,刘浩,等.基于20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量制定的华北地区温室黄瓜滴灌灌水制度[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3 381-3 388.