脲酶抑制剂对土壤NH_4~+-N及玉米苗期生长的影响
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摘要
目的:探讨脲酶抑制剂(UI)对土壤NH_4~+-N及玉米苗期生长的影响,为脲酶抑制剂的合理施用及氮肥减量增效提供借鉴。方法:通过盆栽试验,以不施肥为空白对照,设置尿素+不同比例(0%、0.2%、0.6%、1.8%)UI、尿素减量(10%、20%)+0.6%UI、复合肥+(0%、0.6%)UI共9个处理,每个处理4个重复,分析研究UI施用对土壤NH_4~+-N及玉米发芽率、株高、生物量及叶绿素(SPAD)的影响。结果:UI可减缓尿素氮向NH_4~+-N的释放,提高玉米出苗率,缩短出苗时间,增加玉米苗期株高和生物量,提高玉米SPAD值;供试处理中脲酶抑制率以尿素+1.8%UI效果最好,玉米14d发芽率高达100%,较单独尿素处理株高增加86.6%,鲜重增加68.7%,SPAD值提高55.9%。结论:尿素+1.8%UI可提高土壤脲酶抑制率,改善玉米苗期生长状况,适宜在生产中应用。
Objective:To investigate the effects of urease inhibitors(UI)on soil NH_4~+-N and maize seedling growth,for providing the reference for rational application of UI and reduction and synergism of nitrogen fertilizer.Methods:Through pot experiment,compared with no fertilization,urea + different proportions(0%,0.2%,0.6%,1.8%)UI,urea reduction(10%,20%)+0.6% UI,compound fertilizer+(0%,0.6%)UI treatments were set up,and the effects of UI on soil NH_4~+-N and maize seedling emergence rate,plant height,biomass and chlorophyll(SPAD)were analyzed.Results:UI can slow down the release of urea nitrogen to NH_4~+-N,increase the emergence rate of maize,shorten the seedling time,increase the plant height and biomass of maize and increase the SPAD value of maize.Compared with the treatment of single urea,the treatment of urea+1.8% UI could increase the urease inhibition rate and the germination rate of maize,and increase the plant height,fresh weight and SPADof maize by 86.6%,68.7% and 55.9%,respectively.Conclusion:The treatment of urea +1.8% UI can improve soil urease inhibition rate with corn seedling growth condition.The suitable method of UI application in production is urea+1.8% UI.
Objective:To investigate the effects of urease inhibitors(UI)on soil NH_4~+-N and maize seedling growth,for providing the reference for rational application of UI and reduction and synergism of nitrogen fertilizer.Methods:Through pot experiment,compared with no fertilization,urea + different proportions(0%,0.2%,0.6%,1.8%)UI,urea reduction(10%,20%)+0.6% UI,compound fertilizer+(0%,0.6%)UI treatments were set up,and the effects of UI on soil NH_4~+-N and maize seedling emergence rate,plant height,biomass and chlorophyll(SPAD)were analyzed.Results:UI can slow down the release of urea nitrogen to NH_4~+-N,increase the emergence rate of maize,shorten the seedling time,increase the plant height and biomass of maize and increase the SPAD value of maize.Compared with the treatment of single urea,the treatment of urea+1.8% UI could increase the urease inhibition rate and the germination rate of maize,and increase the plant height,fresh weight and SPADof maize by 86.6%,68.7% and 55.9%,respectively.Conclusion:The treatment of urea +1.8% UI can improve soil urease inhibition rate with corn seedling growth condition.The suitable method of UI application in production is urea+1.8% UI.
引文
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[13]袁雪娇,杨恒山,张玉芹,等.缓释肥对春玉米干物质积累及转运的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2018,33(1):40-44.
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[2] LIU X J,ZHANG Y,HAN W X,et al.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China[J].NATURE,2013,494:459-462.
[3]胡克林,李保国,黄元仿,等.农田尺度下土体硝酸盐淋失的随机模拟及其风险性评价[J].土壤学报,2005(6):909-915.
[4]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[5]王荣萍,余炜敏,黄建国,等.田间条件下氮的矿化及硝态氮淋溶研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):80-82,107.
[6]罗奇祥,FRENEY J R.几种脲酶抑制剂抑制作用的室内培养与盆栽试验(Ⅱ盆栽试验)[J].江西农业学报,1993(1):21-28.
[7]倪秀菊.几种抑制剂对尿素水解和土壤硝化作用的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[8]刘垚,李光华.脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2016(6):48-49.
[9]赵自超,韩笑,石岳峰,等.硝化和脲酶抑制剂对华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作固碳减排效果评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):254-262.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]韩宝文,贾良良,肖焱波,等.脲酶抑制剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):116-120.
[12]杨俊兰,范富,侯迷红,等.玉米优化施肥模型的建立和施肥参数的确定[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(6):503-509.
[13]袁雪娇,杨恒山,张玉芹,等.缓释肥对春玉米干物质积累及转运的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2018,33(1):40-44.
[14]李小娅,高红兵,张权峰,等.脲酶抑制剂尿素在冬小麦上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2017(11):12-13.
[15]王晴芳,袁伟玲,邓晓辉,等.尿素氨挥发对萝卜种子萌发和苗期生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(16):22-27.