瞬变电磁法过套管电阻率测井技术综述
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摘要
目前,国内多数油田已步入高含水开采阶段,地下剩余油分散、油水关系复杂,开采难度大.所以正确评价储层剩余油饱和度、提高采收率是各油田都亟需解决的问题.而过套管电阻率测井能实现套管井中储层电阻率的测量,进而计算剩余油饱和度.瞬变电磁法最初应用于矿物资源的探测,近年来,逐步拓展到油气测井领域,瞬变电磁法过套管电阻率测井技术是一种新的套后测井技术,实现了套管井中地层电阻率的测量,为剩余油的监测提供了一种新方法.本文基于大量的文献调研,对瞬变电磁法过套管测量的基本原理和影响因素进行了分析,进而对过套管电阻率测井现有的主要成果进行了总结.
With the main oil fields in China gradually entrance to the high water content period, the reservoirs have dispersed remaining oil and complex relationship between oil and water,oil and gas exploration becomes more difficult. Therefore,it 's an urgent problem to correctly evaluate the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir and improve the recovery efficiency. Conventional resistivity measurements are carried out in open hole wells,which cannot work well in cased holes. To meet the requirements of resistivity measurement in cased holes,the method of resistivity logging through casing has been developed. The transient electromagnetic logging can measure the variations of formation resistivity through casing and calculate the remaining oil saturation,because the electromagnetic field excited by transmit coils can pass through the casing into the formation. The transient electromagnetic method was initially applied to mineral resources exploration. In recent years,the transient electromagnetic method has gradually used into oil and gas well logging fields. The transient electromagnetic resistivity logging in cased holes as a new technology of reservoir evaluation through casing also provided a new residual oil monitoring method. The paper carded the basic principle and influencing factors of transient electromagnetic method based on plenty documents published investigation. The paper also summarized the related experiments of transient electromagnetic logging system.Then,the main achievements of transient electromagnetic resistivity logging through casing were summed up.
With the main oil fields in China gradually entrance to the high water content period, the reservoirs have dispersed remaining oil and complex relationship between oil and water,oil and gas exploration becomes more difficult. Therefore,it 's an urgent problem to correctly evaluate the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir and improve the recovery efficiency. Conventional resistivity measurements are carried out in open hole wells,which cannot work well in cased holes. To meet the requirements of resistivity measurement in cased holes,the method of resistivity logging through casing has been developed. The transient electromagnetic logging can measure the variations of formation resistivity through casing and calculate the remaining oil saturation,because the electromagnetic field excited by transmit coils can pass through the casing into the formation. The transient electromagnetic method was initially applied to mineral resources exploration. In recent years,the transient electromagnetic method has gradually used into oil and gas well logging fields. The transient electromagnetic resistivity logging in cased holes as a new technology of reservoir evaluation through casing also provided a new residual oil monitoring method. The paper carded the basic principle and influencing factors of transient electromagnetic method based on plenty documents published investigation. The paper also summarized the related experiments of transient electromagnetic logging system.Then,the main achievements of transient electromagnetic resistivity logging through casing were summed up.
引文
Chen Z L,Huang L P,Chen Y L.2010.A review on TEM application in China[J].Uranium Geology(in Chinese),26(1):51-54.
Fang W Z,Li Y G,Li X.1993.Theory of TEM Sounding(in Chinese)[M].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press.
Lee T J,Suh J H,Kim H J,et al.2002.Electromagnetic traveltime tomography using an approximate wavefield transform[J].Geophysics,67(1):68-76.
Li X.2002.Theory and Application of TEM Sounding(in Chinese)[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press.
Niu Z L.1992.The Theory of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Methods(in Chinese)[M].Changsha:Zhongnan Industrial University Press.
Pavlov D A,Zhdanov M S.2001.Analysis and interpretation of anomalous conductivity and magnetic permeability effects in time domain electromagnetic data:Part I:Numerical modeling[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,46(4):217-233.
Qian K F,Zhu L F,Zang D F,et al.2015.Theory study for transient electromagnetic loggingⅤ:Radial geometric factor[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),39(5):573-580.
Song X J.2012.Theory and method of transient electromagnetic detection in production well(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Xi’an:Xidian University.
Song X J,Dang R R,Guo B L,et al.2011.Research on transient electromagnetic response of magnetic source in borehole[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(4):1122-1129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.028.
Sun T.2014.Reservoir detection behind casing and evaluation method(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Vasic D,Bilas V.2012.Application of stochastic inversion to casing effect correction in through casing induction logging[J].IEEETransactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,61(5):1458-1465.
Wang G J.2013.Transient electromagnetic method producing wells resistivity logging technology research(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang H.2015.A key study of detect reservoir detection behind casing(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang H L,Dong H B,Wang J M,et al.2013.Cased-hole transient electromagnetic acquisition unit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(5):804-808.
Wang L.2012.Influence correction of environmental factors of Russian through casing resistivity logging data and its application(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Jingzhou:Yangtze University.
Wang T Y.2014.Research on transient electromagnetic ground system between wells(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang Z L.2010.Theoretical research on radial investigation depth of electromagnetic induction logging(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Tianjin:Tianjin University.
Wu X,Xue G Q,Chen W Y,et al.2016.Contrast test of the transient electromagnetic system(CASTEM)at the Dawangzhuang iron mine in Anhui province[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4448-4456,doi:10.6038/cjg20161207.
Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.2007.The progress of TEM in theory and application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(4):1195-1200,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.026.
Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.2008.Research progress in TEM forward modeling and inversion calculation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(4):1165-1172.
Xue G Q,Yu J C.2017.New development of TEM research and application in coal mine exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
Yang Y,Dang R R,Ren Z P.2009.Research on transient electromagnetic method in borehole[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),23(3):1-3,7.
Zang D F,Zhang F M,Mao T,et al.2015a.The Experimental study on transient electromagnetic logging[J].Petroleum Tubular Goods&Instruments(in Chinese),1(2):21-25.
Zang D F,Zhang S W,Guo H Q,et al.2013.Research of cased-hole logging with transient electromagnetics[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),27(6):56-59.
Zang D F,Zhu L F,Shen H C,et al.2015b.Theory study for transient electromagnetic loggingⅣ:2D spectrum[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),39(1):15-20.
Zang D F,Zhu L F,Shen Y J,et al.2014.Study on transient electromagnetic logging theoryⅡ:The response for exact solution[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),38(3):267-272.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Guan L H,et al.2015.Circuit design to acquire transient emission current of electromagnetic probe[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor(in Chinese),(5):42-45.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Zhang F M,et al.2014.Programming techniques of communicating with LPC214x processor in USB mode[J].Computer Measurement&Control(in Chinese),22(12):4194-4196.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Zhang F M,et al.2016.Experiment of weak signal acquisition by using high resolution A/D chip[J].Process Automation Instrumentation(in Chinese),37(6):89-92.
Zhao J L,Cao J T,Li C H,et al.2013.A Review and perspective of logging evaluation technology of oil remaining in middle and high water cut stage[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):838-845,doi:10.6038/pg20130234.
Zhdanov M S,Pavlov D A,Ellis R G.2002.Localized S-inversion of time-domain electromagnetic data[J].Geophysics,67(4):1115-1125.
Zhou J M,Li X,Qi Z P.2016.Research progress on marine transient electromagnetic method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1406-1412,doi:10.6038/pg20160365.
Zhu L F,Zang D F,Shen Y J,et al.2014.The theory study on transient electromagnetic loggingⅠ:Doll geometric factor[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),38(2):150-157.
Zhu L F,Zang D F,Shen Y J,et al.2016.Theory of transient electromagnetic loggingⅥ:Through-casing resistivity[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),40(1):28-32.
陈载林,黄临平,陈玉梁.2010.我国瞬变电磁法应用综述[J].铀矿地质,26(1):51-54.
方文藻,李予国,李貅.1993.瞬变电磁测深法原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.
李貅.2002.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
牛之琏.1992.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
钱科锋,朱留方,臧德福,等.2015.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅴ:径向几何因子[J].测井技术,39(5):573-580.
宋汐瑾.2012.生产井瞬变电磁探测理论与方法研究[博士论文].西安:西安电子科技大学.
宋汐瑾,党瑞荣,郭宝龙,等.2011.井中磁源瞬变电磁响应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,54(4):1122-1129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.028.
孙铁.2014.套后储层探测及评价方法[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王冠军.2013.瞬变电磁法生产井电阻率测井技术研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王浩.2015.套后储层探测关键技术研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王洪亮,董浩斌,王军民,等.2013.井中过金属套管瞬变电磁脉冲采集单元研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(5):804-808.
王雷.2012.俄过套管电阻率测井资料环境影响校正与应用[硕士论文].荆州:长江大学.
王添翼.2014.井间瞬变电磁法地面系统研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王振雷.2010.电磁感应测井径向探测深度的理论研究[硕士论文].天津:天津大学.
武欣,薛国强,陈卫营,等.2016.瞬变电磁探测系统(CASTEM)试验对比---安徽颖上大王庄铁矿[J].地球物理学报,59(12):4448-4456,doi:10.6038/cjg20161207.
薛国强,李貅,底青云.2007.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,22(4):1195-1200,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.026.
薛国强,李貅,底青云.2008.瞬变电磁法正反演问题研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,23(4):1165-1172.
薛国强,于景邨.2017.瞬变电磁法在煤炭领域的研究与应用新进展[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
杨阳,党瑞荣,任志平.2009.井中瞬变电磁法理论研究[J].石油仪器,23(3):1-3,7.
臧德福,张福明,毛彤,等.2015a.瞬变电磁测井实验研究[J].石油管材与仪器,1(2):21-25.
臧德福,张守伟,郭红旗,等.2013.瞬变电磁法过套管测井技术分析[J].石油仪器,27(6):56-59.
臧德福,朱留方,沈洪楚,等.2015b.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅳ:二维谱[J].测井技术,39(1):15-20.
臧德福,朱留方,沈永进,等.2014.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅱ:精确解的响应[J].测井技术,38(3):267-272.
张守伟,臧德福,管林华,等.2015.电磁探头的瞬变发射电流采集电路设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,(5):42-45.
张守伟,臧德福,张付明,等.2014.与LPC214x处理器USB方式通信的编程技术[J].计算机测量与控制,22(12):4194-4196.
张守伟,臧德福,张付明,等.2016.用高分辨率A/D芯片的微弱信号采集试验[J].自动化仪表,37(6):89-92.
赵军龙,曹军涛,李传浩,等.2013.中高含水期剩余油测井评价技术综述与展望[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):838-845,doi:10.6038/pg20130234.
周建美,李貅,戚志鹏.2016.海洋瞬变电磁法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,31(3):1406-1412,doi:10.6038/pg20160365.
朱留方,臧德福,沈永进,等.2014.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅰ:Doll几何因子[J].测井技术,38(2):150-157.
朱留方,臧德福,沈永进,等.2016.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅵ:过套管电阻率[J].测井技术,40(1):28-32.
Fang W Z,Li Y G,Li X.1993.Theory of TEM Sounding(in Chinese)[M].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press.
Lee T J,Suh J H,Kim H J,et al.2002.Electromagnetic traveltime tomography using an approximate wavefield transform[J].Geophysics,67(1):68-76.
Li X.2002.Theory and Application of TEM Sounding(in Chinese)[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press.
Niu Z L.1992.The Theory of Time-Domain Electromagnetic Methods(in Chinese)[M].Changsha:Zhongnan Industrial University Press.
Pavlov D A,Zhdanov M S.2001.Analysis and interpretation of anomalous conductivity and magnetic permeability effects in time domain electromagnetic data:Part I:Numerical modeling[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,46(4):217-233.
Qian K F,Zhu L F,Zang D F,et al.2015.Theory study for transient electromagnetic loggingⅤ:Radial geometric factor[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),39(5):573-580.
Song X J.2012.Theory and method of transient electromagnetic detection in production well(in Chinese)[Ph.D.thesis].Xi’an:Xidian University.
Song X J,Dang R R,Guo B L,et al.2011.Research on transient electromagnetic response of magnetic source in borehole[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(4):1122-1129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.028.
Sun T.2014.Reservoir detection behind casing and evaluation method(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Vasic D,Bilas V.2012.Application of stochastic inversion to casing effect correction in through casing induction logging[J].IEEETransactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,61(5):1458-1465.
Wang G J.2013.Transient electromagnetic method producing wells resistivity logging technology research(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang H.2015.A key study of detect reservoir detection behind casing(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang H L,Dong H B,Wang J M,et al.2013.Cased-hole transient electromagnetic acquisition unit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(5):804-808.
Wang L.2012.Influence correction of environmental factors of Russian through casing resistivity logging data and its application(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Jingzhou:Yangtze University.
Wang T Y.2014.Research on transient electromagnetic ground system between wells(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University.
Wang Z L.2010.Theoretical research on radial investigation depth of electromagnetic induction logging(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Tianjin:Tianjin University.
Wu X,Xue G Q,Chen W Y,et al.2016.Contrast test of the transient electromagnetic system(CASTEM)at the Dawangzhuang iron mine in Anhui province[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4448-4456,doi:10.6038/cjg20161207.
Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.2007.The progress of TEM in theory and application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(4):1195-1200,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.026.
Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.2008.Research progress in TEM forward modeling and inversion calculation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),23(4):1165-1172.
Xue G Q,Yu J C.2017.New development of TEM research and application in coal mine exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
Yang Y,Dang R R,Ren Z P.2009.Research on transient electromagnetic method in borehole[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),23(3):1-3,7.
Zang D F,Zhang F M,Mao T,et al.2015a.The Experimental study on transient electromagnetic logging[J].Petroleum Tubular Goods&Instruments(in Chinese),1(2):21-25.
Zang D F,Zhang S W,Guo H Q,et al.2013.Research of cased-hole logging with transient electromagnetics[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),27(6):56-59.
Zang D F,Zhu L F,Shen H C,et al.2015b.Theory study for transient electromagnetic loggingⅣ:2D spectrum[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),39(1):15-20.
Zang D F,Zhu L F,Shen Y J,et al.2014.Study on transient electromagnetic logging theoryⅡ:The response for exact solution[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),38(3):267-272.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Guan L H,et al.2015.Circuit design to acquire transient emission current of electromagnetic probe[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor(in Chinese),(5):42-45.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Zhang F M,et al.2014.Programming techniques of communicating with LPC214x processor in USB mode[J].Computer Measurement&Control(in Chinese),22(12):4194-4196.
Zhang S W,Zang D F,Zhang F M,et al.2016.Experiment of weak signal acquisition by using high resolution A/D chip[J].Process Automation Instrumentation(in Chinese),37(6):89-92.
Zhao J L,Cao J T,Li C H,et al.2013.A Review and perspective of logging evaluation technology of oil remaining in middle and high water cut stage[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):838-845,doi:10.6038/pg20130234.
Zhdanov M S,Pavlov D A,Ellis R G.2002.Localized S-inversion of time-domain electromagnetic data[J].Geophysics,67(4):1115-1125.
Zhou J M,Li X,Qi Z P.2016.Research progress on marine transient electromagnetic method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1406-1412,doi:10.6038/pg20160365.
Zhu L F,Zang D F,Shen Y J,et al.2014.The theory study on transient electromagnetic loggingⅠ:Doll geometric factor[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),38(2):150-157.
Zhu L F,Zang D F,Shen Y J,et al.2016.Theory of transient electromagnetic loggingⅥ:Through-casing resistivity[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),40(1):28-32.
陈载林,黄临平,陈玉梁.2010.我国瞬变电磁法应用综述[J].铀矿地质,26(1):51-54.
方文藻,李予国,李貅.1993.瞬变电磁测深法原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社.
李貅.2002.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
牛之琏.1992.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
钱科锋,朱留方,臧德福,等.2015.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅴ:径向几何因子[J].测井技术,39(5):573-580.
宋汐瑾.2012.生产井瞬变电磁探测理论与方法研究[博士论文].西安:西安电子科技大学.
宋汐瑾,党瑞荣,郭宝龙,等.2011.井中磁源瞬变电磁响应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,54(4):1122-1129,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.028.
孙铁.2014.套后储层探测及评价方法[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王冠军.2013.瞬变电磁法生产井电阻率测井技术研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王浩.2015.套后储层探测关键技术研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王洪亮,董浩斌,王军民,等.2013.井中过金属套管瞬变电磁脉冲采集单元研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(5):804-808.
王雷.2012.俄过套管电阻率测井资料环境影响校正与应用[硕士论文].荆州:长江大学.
王添翼.2014.井间瞬变电磁法地面系统研究[硕士论文].西安:西安石油大学.
王振雷.2010.电磁感应测井径向探测深度的理论研究[硕士论文].天津:天津大学.
武欣,薛国强,陈卫营,等.2016.瞬变电磁探测系统(CASTEM)试验对比---安徽颖上大王庄铁矿[J].地球物理学报,59(12):4448-4456,doi:10.6038/cjg20161207.
薛国强,李貅,底青云.2007.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,22(4):1195-1200,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.04.026.
薛国强,李貅,底青云.2008.瞬变电磁法正反演问题研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,23(4):1165-1172.
薛国强,于景邨.2017.瞬变电磁法在煤炭领域的研究与应用新进展[J].地球物理学进展,32(1):319-326,doi:10.6038/pg20170145.
杨阳,党瑞荣,任志平.2009.井中瞬变电磁法理论研究[J].石油仪器,23(3):1-3,7.
臧德福,张福明,毛彤,等.2015a.瞬变电磁测井实验研究[J].石油管材与仪器,1(2):21-25.
臧德福,张守伟,郭红旗,等.2013.瞬变电磁法过套管测井技术分析[J].石油仪器,27(6):56-59.
臧德福,朱留方,沈洪楚,等.2015b.瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅳ:二维谱[J].测井技术,39(1):15-20.
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