从功利主义到人本主义:晚期癌症患者生命价值困境与社会工作介入
|
摘要
在功利主义视角下,人的生命价值以"有用性"为前提。当失去了对于外部世界的价值,人的生命价值将面临危机。在晚期癌症患者的医疗决策、长期照顾中,医生、家属对金钱、时间等诸多方面做出权衡,却忽视了患者的生命价值。出于难以创造价值的无力感以及拖累家人的内疚感,很多晚期癌症患者否定自己的生命价值,将死亡看作是最终解脱。人本主义认为无论在什么条件下,人的生命都有其不证自明的价值。社会工作秉持人本主义的价值观,通过赋权增能、生命教育、优势视角等专业行动,增强晚期癌症患者的自我决定权,增进患者的外部承认和自我承认,重构晚期癌症患者的生命价值。
From the perspective of utilitarianism,the value of human life depends on its usefulness.When the value to the outside world is lost,the value of human life will disappear.In the medical decision-making and long-term care of patients with advanced cancer,doctors and family members consider many aspects such as money and time,but neglect the life value of patients.Because of the sense of powerlessness that is difficult to create value and the guilt that drags down family members,many patients with advanced cancer deny their value of life and regard death as the ultimate relief.Humanism holds that human life has its self-evident value under any conditions.Adhering to the humanistic values,social workers enhance the self-determination of patients with advanced cancer through empowerment,life education,perspective of advantage,and other professional actions,enhance the external recognition and self-recognition of patients,and reconstruct the life value of patients with advanced cancer.
From the perspective of utilitarianism,the value of human life depends on its usefulness.When the value to the outside world is lost,the value of human life will disappear.In the medical decision-making and long-term care of patients with advanced cancer,doctors and family members consider many aspects such as money and time,but neglect the life value of patients.Because of the sense of powerlessness that is difficult to create value and the guilt that drags down family members,many patients with advanced cancer deny their value of life and regard death as the ultimate relief.Humanism holds that human life has its self-evident value under any conditions.Adhering to the humanistic values,social workers enhance the self-determination of patients with advanced cancer through empowerment,life education,perspective of advantage,and other professional actions,enhance the external recognition and self-recognition of patients,and reconstruct the life value of patients with advanced cancer.
引文
[1]贺来.现实生活世界:乌托邦精神的真实根基[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1998:68.
[2]梅强,陆玉梅.人的生命价值评估方法述评[J].中国安全科学学报,2007(3):56-61.
[3]侯伯纳.人寿保险经济学[M].孟朝霞,王翠芳,译.北京:中国金融出版社,1997:14.
[4]程启智.人的生命价值理论比较研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2005(6):39-44.
[5]刘作.如何理解康德的“人是目的”的观念[J].兰州学刊,2014(5):6-10.
[6]甘绍平.以人为本的生命价值理念[J].中国人民大学学报,2005(3):69-75.
[7]李本森.生命价值的法律与经济分析:中国生命赔偿法律的改革路径[J].中国社会科学,2011(6):79-94.
[8]王敏,张开金,姜丽,等.恶性肿瘤住院患者直接经济负担影响因素及医疗保障制度研究[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(36):4115-4118.
[9]宣金学.农村老人自杀的平静与惨烈[N].中国青年报,2014-07-30(9).
[10]GANZINI L,BEER M,BROUNS M,et al.Interest in physician-assisted suicide among Oregon cancer patients[J].J Clin Ethics,2006,17(1):27-38.
[11]王圣莉.癌症患者临终关怀的社会工作探索:以肺癌晚期患者为例[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(7A):46-48.
[12]胡仁旺,杨传永.晚期消化道肿瘤患者临床治疗的共同决策[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(10A):26-28.
[13]崔静,周玲君,赵继军.生前预嘱的产生和应用现状[J].中华护理杂志,2008,43(9):860-861.
[14]冯建军.生命教育的内涵与实施[J].思想·理论·教育,2006(21):25-29.
[15]SALEEBEY D.The strengths perspective in social work practice:Extensions and cautions[J].Soc Work,1996,41(3):296-305.
[2]梅强,陆玉梅.人的生命价值评估方法述评[J].中国安全科学学报,2007(3):56-61.
[3]侯伯纳.人寿保险经济学[M].孟朝霞,王翠芳,译.北京:中国金融出版社,1997:14.
[4]程启智.人的生命价值理论比较研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2005(6):39-44.
[5]刘作.如何理解康德的“人是目的”的观念[J].兰州学刊,2014(5):6-10.
[6]甘绍平.以人为本的生命价值理念[J].中国人民大学学报,2005(3):69-75.
[7]李本森.生命价值的法律与经济分析:中国生命赔偿法律的改革路径[J].中国社会科学,2011(6):79-94.
[8]王敏,张开金,姜丽,等.恶性肿瘤住院患者直接经济负担影响因素及医疗保障制度研究[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(36):4115-4118.
[9]宣金学.农村老人自杀的平静与惨烈[N].中国青年报,2014-07-30(9).
[10]GANZINI L,BEER M,BROUNS M,et al.Interest in physician-assisted suicide among Oregon cancer patients[J].J Clin Ethics,2006,17(1):27-38.
[11]王圣莉.癌症患者临终关怀的社会工作探索:以肺癌晚期患者为例[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(7A):46-48.
[12]胡仁旺,杨传永.晚期消化道肿瘤患者临床治疗的共同决策[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(10A):26-28.
[13]崔静,周玲君,赵继军.生前预嘱的产生和应用现状[J].中华护理杂志,2008,43(9):860-861.
[14]冯建军.生命教育的内涵与实施[J].思想·理论·教育,2006(21):25-29.
[15]SALEEBEY D.The strengths perspective in social work practice:Extensions and cautions[J].Soc Work,1996,41(3):296-305.