自然资源资产管理与国土空间规划
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摘要
作者首先对自然环境、自然资源,以及自然资源资产等概念进行了辨析,并指出自然资源可提供支持服务、供给服务、调节服务、文化服务等生态系统服务;进而强调,中国自然资源资产在调查与评估等方面存在权属边界不清、权责划分不明、价值不易衡量等问题,且各类自然资源粗放利用现象突出。作者认为,生态环境问题往往源于对资源的过度掠夺。整体而言,近些年中国的生态治理和修复工作并未取得显著成效,主要由于这些工作大多以散点式进行,同时执法力度不足,且公民对自然资源的保护意识还较薄弱。新一轮的国家大部制改革(如自然资源部和生态环境部的成立),以及"多规合一"政策的施行对中国的自然资源保护管理工作起到了积极推动作用。作者最后指出,在未来,国家层面应努力协调国土空间规划与国民社会经济发展规划,而城市规划者应当跳脱工程技术层面,使规划真正成为解决社会问题、提升发展质量的工具。
At the beginning, the author examines the concepts of natural environment, natural resource, and natural resource asset and the ecological services what natural resources could provide as ecosystems, including supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. The author stresses that, in China, the survey and assessment of resource assets face many difficulties in defining ownerships and tenures, rights and responsibilities, and valuation, and extensive exploitation and utilization still dominates the country's natural resource management. He argues that ecological damage and environmental degradation often resulted from overexploitation of resources; on the whole, China's recent ecological restoration has not seen a substantial improvement, largely resulting from the separate and inconsistent practice, ill enforcement, and the weak public awareness of ecological remediation and restoration in the country. He highlights that China's new reform of a Super-Ministry System(including the establishments of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment), as well as the implementation of the Integrated Planning policy, has facilitated an integrated management on natural resource conservation. Finally, the author underscores that, in the future, the Chinese government ought to coordinate its land and spatial planning with domestic socio-economic planning, and urban planning professionals are expected to go beyond engineering and technical explorations and realize planning approaches as tools that would truly and efficiently cope with societal challenges and improve the quality of development.
At the beginning, the author examines the concepts of natural environment, natural resource, and natural resource asset and the ecological services what natural resources could provide as ecosystems, including supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. The author stresses that, in China, the survey and assessment of resource assets face many difficulties in defining ownerships and tenures, rights and responsibilities, and valuation, and extensive exploitation and utilization still dominates the country's natural resource management. He argues that ecological damage and environmental degradation often resulted from overexploitation of resources; on the whole, China's recent ecological restoration has not seen a substantial improvement, largely resulting from the separate and inconsistent practice, ill enforcement, and the weak public awareness of ecological remediation and restoration in the country. He highlights that China's new reform of a Super-Ministry System(including the establishments of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment), as well as the implementation of the Integrated Planning policy, has facilitated an integrated management on natural resource conservation. Finally, the author underscores that, in the future, the Chinese government ought to coordinate its land and spatial planning with domestic socio-economic planning, and urban planning professionals are expected to go beyond engineering and technical explorations and realize planning approaches as tools that would truly and efficiently cope with societal challenges and improve the quality of development.
引文
[1]Cai,Y.L.(Ed.).(2000).Principles of Natural Resources Management.Beijing:Science Press.
[2]Dong,Z.J.(2018).Reflections on the mission of natural resources work in the new era.Land&Resources,(4),13-17.Retrieved from http://gtszb.zrzyb.net/gtszb/resfile/2018-04-05/05/05.pdf
[3]National Development and Reform Commission.(2014).National Planning of New Urbanization.Retrieved from http://ghs.ndrc.gov.cn/zttp/tjzgczh/ghzc/201403/t20140317_602854.html
[4]Yu,K.J.,&Li,D.H.(2002,September).On Negative Planning and Construction of Urban Ecological Infrastructures.Session 22,Annual Academic Conference of China Association for Science and Technology,Chengdu.
[2]Dong,Z.J.(2018).Reflections on the mission of natural resources work in the new era.Land&Resources,(4),13-17.Retrieved from http://gtszb.zrzyb.net/gtszb/resfile/2018-04-05/05/05.pdf
[3]National Development and Reform Commission.(2014).National Planning of New Urbanization.Retrieved from http://ghs.ndrc.gov.cn/zttp/tjzgczh/ghzc/201403/t20140317_602854.html
[4]Yu,K.J.,&Li,D.H.(2002,September).On Negative Planning and Construction of Urban Ecological Infrastructures.Session 22,Annual Academic Conference of China Association for Science and Technology,Chengdu.