河套灌区小麦套种晚播向日葵高产节水群体构建
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摘要
本试验以河套灌区主要立体种植模式小麦套种向日葵为研究对象,在前期研究建立的节水灌溉模式基础上,系统研究了不同向日葵种植密度对套种小麦和向日葵群体建成、产量构成及水分利用的影响,结果表明:不同密度处理下套种小麦的产量和水分利用效率(WUE)无明显影响,而套种向日葵产量、套种总产量及套种总利润则以中等密度群体最高,随着套种向日葵密度的增加,盘径、单盘粒重、百粒重等经济性状均呈下降趋势。套种向日葵产量、套种总产量、套种总利润与向日葵密度均呈单峰曲线变化趋势;套种向日葵的总耗水量随着密度的增加而显著增加,而WUE则呈单峰曲线变化。在节水灌溉模式下适当增加向日葵种植密度,套种群体灌浆期叶面积下降相对缓慢,光合势高值持续期长,经济产量、经济效益和水分利用效率可同步提高。构建河套灌区小麦套种向日葵节水、高产、高效群体的适宜向日葵种植密度为3 300~3 500株/667m~2。
This experiment was taking Stereo-planting Model of interplanting wheat and sunflower for research object,and made a systematic study on the effects of population Formation yield components and water use of interplanting wheat and sunflower in different sunflower planting density on the basis of the Water-saving irrigation model established in the previous study. The results show that: The yield and water use efficiency( WUE) of intercropping wheat had no significant difference under different density treatments. And the yield of Interplanting sunflower,the total yield of intercropping and the total profit of Interplanting were the highest among the middle density population. With the increase of sunflower density,the economic traits such as deck diameter,single deck weight and 100 grain weight all showed a downward trend. Intercropping sunflower yield,interplanting total yield,interplanting total profit and sunflower density all showed a single peak curve trend. The total water consumption of Interplanting sunflower increased with the increase of density,while WUE showed a single peak curve. Raising appropriate density of sunflower planting density in the model of water saving irrigation,the leaf area of the interplanting population decreased slowly in the filling stage,and the high value of photosynthetic potential was extended,and the economic yield,economic and water use efficiency could be improved synchronously. The suitable planting density to build water saving,high yield and high efficiency group of wheat interplanting sunflower in Hetao irrigation district is 3 300 ~ 3 500 plants/667 m~2.
This experiment was taking Stereo-planting Model of interplanting wheat and sunflower for research object,and made a systematic study on the effects of population Formation yield components and water use of interplanting wheat and sunflower in different sunflower planting density on the basis of the Water-saving irrigation model established in the previous study. The results show that: The yield and water use efficiency( WUE) of intercropping wheat had no significant difference under different density treatments. And the yield of Interplanting sunflower,the total yield of intercropping and the total profit of Interplanting were the highest among the middle density population. With the increase of sunflower density,the economic traits such as deck diameter,single deck weight and 100 grain weight all showed a downward trend. Intercropping sunflower yield,interplanting total yield,interplanting total profit and sunflower density all showed a single peak curve trend. The total water consumption of Interplanting sunflower increased with the increase of density,while WUE showed a single peak curve. Raising appropriate density of sunflower planting density in the model of water saving irrigation,the leaf area of the interplanting population decreased slowly in the filling stage,and the high value of photosynthetic potential was extended,and the economic yield,economic and water use efficiency could be improved synchronously. The suitable planting density to build water saving,high yield and high efficiency group of wheat interplanting sunflower in Hetao irrigation district is 3 300 ~ 3 500 plants/667 m~2.
引文
[1]张永平,谢岷,井涛等.内蒙古河套灌区春小麦高产节水灌溉制度研究[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(01):96-102.
[2]关文雯,谢岷,张永平等.河套灌区春小麦节水高产栽培生理基础研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(2):34-41.
[3]白岗栓,张蕊,耿桂俊等.河套灌区农业节水技术集成研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):149-154.
[4]郭彦芬.河套灌区节水型种植结构优化[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009,8(1):193-193.
[5]刘宏云,张义强.在内蒙古河套灌区开展田间多元组合节水型灌溉制度研究的必要性和可行性分析[J].内蒙古水利,2005,9(1):24-25+32.
[6]王立雪.河套灌区小麦套种向日葵水肥高效利用生理基础[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[7]朱敏,史海滨,程满金等.河套灌区小麦套种向日葵田间灌水有效性评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,154(10):1-4+8.
[8]朱敏,史海滨,郑和祥等.河套灌区春小麦与向日葵套种模式下水分利用效率评估[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,154(4):122-124+128.
[9]谢飞.种植密度和间作时期对甜瓜/向日葵间作系统光能利用效率的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[10]戴佳信,史海滨,田德龙等.河套灌区套种粮油作物耗水规律的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):49-53.
[11]黄高宝.集约栽培条件下间套作的光能利用理论发展及其应用[J].作物学报,1999,25(1):16-24.
[12]李增嘉,李凤超.小麦玉米间套作的产量效应与光热资源利用率的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,29(4):419-426.
[13]韩开明.河套灌区小麦套种玉米节水高产生理基础研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[14]王霞,苏玉彤,崔岩.胡麻营养价值及套种向日葵和小麦高产高效栽培技术[J].特种经济动植物,2014,17(12):32-33.
[15]李生勇,韩翠莲,郭彦芬等.河套灌区小麦套种玉米灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(4):44-46+49.
[16]蔡承智.间套作增产原理[J].农村实用技术,2001,4(2):62-63.
[17]M.M.Caldwell,J.H.Richards.Hydraulic lift:water efflux from upper roots improves effectiveness of water uptake by deep roots[J].Oecologia.1989,(1):89-95
[18]宁堂原,焦念元,安艳艳等.间套作资源集约利用及对产量品质影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(4):159-163.
[19]朱丽,史海滨,王宁等.小麦间作向日葵耗水量与优化灌溉制度研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012,156(4):64-67.
[20]于勇,秦宏,何峰等.向日葵间作套种的优点及方式[J].現代農業科技,2010,3(17):95-95+98.
[21]黄承建,赵思毅,王龙昌等.马铃薯/玉米套作对马铃薯品种光合特性及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):330-342.
[22]崔亮,苏本营,杨峰等.不同玉米-大豆带状套作组合条件下光合有效辐射强度分布特征对大豆光合特性和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(8):1489-1501.
[23]张凤云,吴普特,赵西宁等.间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1400-1406.
[24]王菊芬,吴伯志.间套作系统中土壤水分研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(2):286-291.
[2]关文雯,谢岷,张永平等.河套灌区春小麦节水高产栽培生理基础研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(2):34-41.
[3]白岗栓,张蕊,耿桂俊等.河套灌区农业节水技术集成研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):149-154.
[4]郭彦芬.河套灌区节水型种植结构优化[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009,8(1):193-193.
[5]刘宏云,张义强.在内蒙古河套灌区开展田间多元组合节水型灌溉制度研究的必要性和可行性分析[J].内蒙古水利,2005,9(1):24-25+32.
[6]王立雪.河套灌区小麦套种向日葵水肥高效利用生理基础[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[7]朱敏,史海滨,程满金等.河套灌区小麦套种向日葵田间灌水有效性评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,154(10):1-4+8.
[8]朱敏,史海滨,郑和祥等.河套灌区春小麦与向日葵套种模式下水分利用效率评估[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,154(4):122-124+128.
[9]谢飞.种植密度和间作时期对甜瓜/向日葵间作系统光能利用效率的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[10]戴佳信,史海滨,田德龙等.河套灌区套种粮油作物耗水规律的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):49-53.
[11]黄高宝.集约栽培条件下间套作的光能利用理论发展及其应用[J].作物学报,1999,25(1):16-24.
[12]李增嘉,李凤超.小麦玉米间套作的产量效应与光热资源利用率的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,29(4):419-426.
[13]韩开明.河套灌区小麦套种玉米节水高产生理基础研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[14]王霞,苏玉彤,崔岩.胡麻营养价值及套种向日葵和小麦高产高效栽培技术[J].特种经济动植物,2014,17(12):32-33.
[15]李生勇,韩翠莲,郭彦芬等.河套灌区小麦套种玉米灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(4):44-46+49.
[16]蔡承智.间套作增产原理[J].农村实用技术,2001,4(2):62-63.
[17]M.M.Caldwell,J.H.Richards.Hydraulic lift:water efflux from upper roots improves effectiveness of water uptake by deep roots[J].Oecologia.1989,(1):89-95
[18]宁堂原,焦念元,安艳艳等.间套作资源集约利用及对产量品质影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(4):159-163.
[19]朱丽,史海滨,王宁等.小麦间作向日葵耗水量与优化灌溉制度研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012,156(4):64-67.
[20]于勇,秦宏,何峰等.向日葵间作套种的优点及方式[J].現代農業科技,2010,3(17):95-95+98.
[21]黄承建,赵思毅,王龙昌等.马铃薯/玉米套作对马铃薯品种光合特性及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):330-342.
[22]崔亮,苏本营,杨峰等.不同玉米-大豆带状套作组合条件下光合有效辐射强度分布特征对大豆光合特性和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(8):1489-1501.
[23]张凤云,吴普特,赵西宁等.间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1400-1406.
[24]王菊芬,吴伯志.间套作系统中土壤水分研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(2):286-291.