裂隙岩体几何与力学尺寸效应的关联性研究
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摘要
利用块体化程度指标,从岩体空间结构角度,揭示岩体几何与力学尺寸效应的关联性。基于GeneralBlock软件构建35种不同结构面延展性和间距组合的岩体多尺度三维裂隙网络模型,利用所提出的块体化程度修正理论,计算不同尺度岩体的块体化程度,确定裂隙岩体的几何特征尺寸(即几何REV);通过GeneralBlock–3DEC模型关联参数的对接,构建多尺度岩体离散裂隙网络模型,分析岩体抗压强度、弹性模量等特征力学参数随岩体尺寸的变化规律,计算裂隙岩体的力学特征尺寸(即力学REV);比较几何REV与力学REV的计算结果,探讨岩体几何尺寸效应与力学尺寸效应的关联性。研究表明:岩体几何REV尺寸小于岩体力学REV尺寸,且岩体力学尺寸效应主要由岩体几何尺寸效应引起;随着岩体尺度的增加,反映岩体结构特性的几何特征参数先趋于稳定(即先期达到几何REV),达到力学REV后岩体的力学特征参数趋于稳定。
Based on the blockiness index,this study attempts to unravel the correlation of the geometrical and mechanical size effects of fractured rock masses from the perspective of the spatial structures of rock masses. First of all,a total of 35 types of multi-scale three-dimensional fracture networks of rock masses,possessing various combinations of different persistence and spacing of discontinuities,were established by GeneralBlock. Using the improved blockiness evaluation method developed by the authors,the blockiness values of the rock masses with different scales were measured,and the geometrical representative element volumes of rock masses(i.e.,geometrical REV) were obtained. Then,multi-scale discrete fractures networks of rock masses were built by the combined use of GeneralBlock and 3 DEC,the change law of the rock mass compressive strength and elasticity modulus with rock mass sizes was discussed,and the mechanical representative element volumes(i.e.,mechanical REV) were determined. Finally,the geometrical and mechanical REVs were compared,and then the correlation of the geometrical and mechanical size effects of fractured rock masses was evaluated. The results show that the geometrical REV is lesser than the mechanical REV,and the mechanical size effect is induced by the geometrical size effect;with the increase in the scales of rock masses,the geometrical parameters tend to be stable,and then the mechanical parameters are the same(i.e.,the geometrical REV is achieved earlier than the mechanical REV).
Based on the blockiness index,this study attempts to unravel the correlation of the geometrical and mechanical size effects of fractured rock masses from the perspective of the spatial structures of rock masses. First of all,a total of 35 types of multi-scale three-dimensional fracture networks of rock masses,possessing various combinations of different persistence and spacing of discontinuities,were established by GeneralBlock. Using the improved blockiness evaluation method developed by the authors,the blockiness values of the rock masses with different scales were measured,and the geometrical representative element volumes of rock masses(i.e.,geometrical REV) were obtained. Then,multi-scale discrete fractures networks of rock masses were built by the combined use of GeneralBlock and 3 DEC,the change law of the rock mass compressive strength and elasticity modulus with rock mass sizes was discussed,and the mechanical representative element volumes(i.e.,mechanical REV) were determined. Finally,the geometrical and mechanical REVs were compared,and then the correlation of the geometrical and mechanical size effects of fractured rock masses was evaluated. The results show that the geometrical REV is lesser than the mechanical REV,and the mechanical size effect is induced by the geometrical size effect;with the increase in the scales of rock masses,the geometrical parameters tend to be stable,and then the mechanical parameters are the same(i.e.,the geometrical REV is achieved earlier than the mechanical REV).
引文
[1]佘诗刚,林鹏.中国岩石工程若干进展与挑战[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):434-457.(SHE Shigang,LIN Peng.Some developments and challenging issues in rock engineering field in china[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):434-457.(in Chinese))
[2]王晓明,郑银河.裂隙岩体表征单元体及尺寸效应研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3 456-3 463.(WANG Xiaoming,ZHENGYinhe.Review of advances in investigation of representative elementary volume and scale effect of fractured rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3 456-3 463.(in Chinese))
[3]BEAR J.Dynamics of fluids in porous media[M].New York:American Elsevier,1972:19-20.
[4]ODA M.A method for evaluating the representative elementary volume based on joint survey of rock masses[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(3):440-447.
[5]卢波,葛修润,朱冬林,等.节理岩体表征单元体的分形几何研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1 355-1 361.(LU Bo,GE Xiurun,ZHU Donglin,et al.Factal study on the representative elementary volume of jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1 355-1 361.(in Chinese))
[6]张贵科,徐卫亚.裂隙网络模拟与REV尺度研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1 675-1 680.(ZHANG Guike,XU Weiya.Analysis of joint network simulation method and REV scale[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1 675-1 680.(in Chinese))
[7]夏露,刘晓非,于青春.基于块体化程度确定裂隙岩体表征单元体[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3 991-4 005.(XIA Lu,LIU Xiaofei,YU Qingchun.Determining representative elementary volume of fractured rock mass based on blockiness analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 991-4 005.(in Chinese))
[8]王晓明,夏露,郑银河,等.基于三维裂隙连通率的裂隙岩体表征单元体研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 297-3 302.(WANG Xiaoming,XIA Lu,ZHENG Yinhe,et al.Study of representative elementary volume for fractured rock mass based on three-dimensional fracture connectivity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3 297-3 302.(in Chinese))
[9]HEUZE F E.Scale effects in the determination of rock mass strength and deformability[J].Rock Mechanics,1980,12(3):167-192.
[10]周创兵,於三大.论岩体表征单元体体积REV——岩体力学参数取值的一个基本问题[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(4):332-336.(ZHOU Chuangbing,YU Sanda.Representative elementary volume REV——a fundamental problem for selecting the mechanical parameters of jointed rockmass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(4):332-336.(in Chinese))
[11]喻勇,肖国强,王法刚.岩体变形模量的尺寸效应[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增1):47-49.(YU Yong,XIAO Guoqiang,WANG Fagang.Size effects on deformation modulus of rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.1):47-49.(in Chinese))
[12]王家来,左宏伟.岩体弹性模量的尺寸效应初步研究[J].岩土力学,1998,19(1):60-64.(WANG Jialai,ZUO Hongwei.Study on size effect of Young?s modulus for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1998,19(1):60-64.(in Chinese))
[13]王谦源,李哗.分形节理岩体强度与变形尺度效应的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1 325-1 328.(WANG Qianyuan,LI Hua.Experimental study of scale effects in strength and deformation of fractal-joint rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(5):1 325-1 328.(in Chinese))
[14]刘晓非.裂隙岩体块体化程度研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2010.(LIU Xiaofei.Study on the degree of fragmentation of fractured rock mass[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[15]王川婴,胡培良,孙卫春.基于钻孔摄像技术的岩体完整性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1 326-1 330.(WANG Chuanying,HU Peiliang,SUN Weichun.Method for evaluating rock mass integrity based on borehole camera technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 326-1 330.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50218-94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1994.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50218-94Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[17]陈德基,刘洪特.岩体质量评价的新指标-块度模数[C]//全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.苏州:[s.n.],1979:138-145.(CHEN Deji,LIU Hongte.The new indication of rock mass quality evaluation-module of lumpiness[C]//The First Selection of Engineering Geological Academic Conference Papers.Suzhou:[s.n.],1979:138-145.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50021-2001Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[19]张奇华,边智华,余美万.采用全空间块体搜索技术初步研究岩体完整性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):507-515.(ZHANGQihua,BIAN Zhihua,YU Meiwan.Preliminary research on rockmass integrity using spatial block identification technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):507-515.(in Chinese))
[20]YANG Z Y,CHEN J M,HUANG T H.Effect of joint sets on the strength and deformation of rock mass models[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(1):75-84.
[21]RUF JC,RUST K A,ENGELDER T.Investigating the effect of mechanical discontinuities on joint spacing[J].Tectonophysics,1998295(1/2):245-257.
[22]KUSZMAUL J S.Estimating key block sizes in underground excavations:accounting for joint set spacing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(2):217-232.
[23]PALMSTROM A.Measurements of and correlations between block size and rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):62-377.
[24]XIA L,ZHENG Y,YU Q.Estimation of the REV size for blockiness of fractured rock masses[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,76:83-92.
[25]WU Q,KULATILAKE.REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties,and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,43(3):124-142.
[26]周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉.岩体表征单元体与岩体力学参数[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1 135-1 142.(ZHOU Chuangbing,CHENYifeng,JIANG Qinghui.Representative elementary volume and mechanical parameters of fractured rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1 135-1 142.(in Chinese))
[2]王晓明,郑银河.裂隙岩体表征单元体及尺寸效应研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3 456-3 463.(WANG Xiaoming,ZHENGYinhe.Review of advances in investigation of representative elementary volume and scale effect of fractured rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3 456-3 463.(in Chinese))
[3]BEAR J.Dynamics of fluids in porous media[M].New York:American Elsevier,1972:19-20.
[4]ODA M.A method for evaluating the representative elementary volume based on joint survey of rock masses[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(3):440-447.
[5]卢波,葛修润,朱冬林,等.节理岩体表征单元体的分形几何研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1 355-1 361.(LU Bo,GE Xiurun,ZHU Donglin,et al.Factal study on the representative elementary volume of jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1 355-1 361.(in Chinese))
[6]张贵科,徐卫亚.裂隙网络模拟与REV尺度研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1 675-1 680.(ZHANG Guike,XU Weiya.Analysis of joint network simulation method and REV scale[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1 675-1 680.(in Chinese))
[7]夏露,刘晓非,于青春.基于块体化程度确定裂隙岩体表征单元体[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3 991-4 005.(XIA Lu,LIU Xiaofei,YU Qingchun.Determining representative elementary volume of fractured rock mass based on blockiness analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 991-4 005.(in Chinese))
[8]王晓明,夏露,郑银河,等.基于三维裂隙连通率的裂隙岩体表征单元体研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 297-3 302.(WANG Xiaoming,XIA Lu,ZHENG Yinhe,et al.Study of representative elementary volume for fractured rock mass based on three-dimensional fracture connectivity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3 297-3 302.(in Chinese))
[9]HEUZE F E.Scale effects in the determination of rock mass strength and deformability[J].Rock Mechanics,1980,12(3):167-192.
[10]周创兵,於三大.论岩体表征单元体体积REV——岩体力学参数取值的一个基本问题[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(4):332-336.(ZHOU Chuangbing,YU Sanda.Representative elementary volume REV——a fundamental problem for selecting the mechanical parameters of jointed rockmass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(4):332-336.(in Chinese))
[11]喻勇,肖国强,王法刚.岩体变形模量的尺寸效应[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增1):47-49.(YU Yong,XIAO Guoqiang,WANG Fagang.Size effects on deformation modulus of rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.1):47-49.(in Chinese))
[12]王家来,左宏伟.岩体弹性模量的尺寸效应初步研究[J].岩土力学,1998,19(1):60-64.(WANG Jialai,ZUO Hongwei.Study on size effect of Young?s modulus for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1998,19(1):60-64.(in Chinese))
[13]王谦源,李哗.分形节理岩体强度与变形尺度效应的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1 325-1 328.(WANG Qianyuan,LI Hua.Experimental study of scale effects in strength and deformation of fractal-joint rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(5):1 325-1 328.(in Chinese))
[14]刘晓非.裂隙岩体块体化程度研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2010.(LIU Xiaofei.Study on the degree of fragmentation of fractured rock mass[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[15]王川婴,胡培良,孙卫春.基于钻孔摄像技术的岩体完整性评价方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1 326-1 330.(WANG Chuanying,HU Peiliang,SUN Weichun.Method for evaluating rock mass integrity based on borehole camera technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 326-1 330.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50218-94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1994.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50218-94Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[17]陈德基,刘洪特.岩体质量评价的新指标-块度模数[C]//全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.苏州:[s.n.],1979:138-145.(CHEN Deji,LIU Hongte.The new indication of rock mass quality evaluation-module of lumpiness[C]//The First Selection of Engineering Geological Academic Conference Papers.Suzhou:[s.n.],1979:138-145.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50021-2001Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[19]张奇华,边智华,余美万.采用全空间块体搜索技术初步研究岩体完整性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):507-515.(ZHANGQihua,BIAN Zhihua,YU Meiwan.Preliminary research on rockmass integrity using spatial block identification technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):507-515.(in Chinese))
[20]YANG Z Y,CHEN J M,HUANG T H.Effect of joint sets on the strength and deformation of rock mass models[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(1):75-84.
[21]RUF JC,RUST K A,ENGELDER T.Investigating the effect of mechanical discontinuities on joint spacing[J].Tectonophysics,1998295(1/2):245-257.
[22]KUSZMAUL J S.Estimating key block sizes in underground excavations:accounting for joint set spacing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(2):217-232.
[23]PALMSTROM A.Measurements of and correlations between block size and rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(4):62-377.
[24]XIA L,ZHENG Y,YU Q.Estimation of the REV size for blockiness of fractured rock masses[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,76:83-92.
[25]WU Q,KULATILAKE.REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties,and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,43(3):124-142.
[26]周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉.岩体表征单元体与岩体力学参数[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1 135-1 142.(ZHOU Chuangbing,CHENYifeng,JIANG Qinghui.Representative elementary volume and mechanical parameters of fractured rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1 135-1 142.(in Chinese))