西湖凹陷M气田区块低孔渗致密砂岩储层高精度三维孔隙压力场地震预测
|
摘要
西湖凹陷M气田区块泥岩超压为欠压实和生烃共同作用的结果,目的层砂岩具有低孔渗特征,导致流体孔隙压力预测难度大,为此,基于测井资料分析,建立了适用区块低孔渗地层和多压力异常成因特点的纵波速度压力预测模型,基于非欠压实成因异常压力对总孔隙压力的贡献程度的参数来表征多压力异常成因的压力预测,基于层控和断控多约束层速度反演的低频地震速度建模和叠前AVO反演的精细三维地震速度场的构建策略获得用于地震压力预测所需的三维高精度速度场。实际区块三维地层孔隙压力场的预测结果表明,在工区实测点深度处的孔隙压力预测值与实测值之间的平均误差小于6%,验证了多压力异常成因情形下的压力预测的可靠性。
The mudstone overpressure at M Gas Field in Xihu Sag is formed by a combination of undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation. The low porosity and permeability of the sandstone in the target zone makes it difficult to predict the pore-pressure. Therefore, the P-wave velocity pore-prediction model for the low porosity and permeability strata and multiple overpressure mechanisms is established based on well logging data analysis. The pore-pressure prediction with multiple overpressure mechanisms is characterized by the parameter of the contribution of abnormal pressure caused by non-undercompaction to the total pore pressure. The high-precision seismic velocity field is built based on modelling of the velocity with low-frequency component by multi-constrained velocity inversion under strata bound and fault-controlled and pre-stack AVO inversion. The prediction of three-dimensional pore pressure field in this area shows that the average error between the estimated pore pressures and the measured pore pressures is less than 6%. This verified the reliability of the pressure prediction for the case of multi-pressure abnormality.
The mudstone overpressure at M Gas Field in Xihu Sag is formed by a combination of undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation. The low porosity and permeability of the sandstone in the target zone makes it difficult to predict the pore-pressure. Therefore, the P-wave velocity pore-prediction model for the low porosity and permeability strata and multiple overpressure mechanisms is established based on well logging data analysis. The pore-pressure prediction with multiple overpressure mechanisms is characterized by the parameter of the contribution of abnormal pressure caused by non-undercompaction to the total pore pressure. The high-precision seismic velocity field is built based on modelling of the velocity with low-frequency component by multi-constrained velocity inversion under strata bound and fault-controlled and pre-stack AVO inversion. The prediction of three-dimensional pore pressure field in this area shows that the average error between the estimated pore pressures and the measured pore pressures is less than 6%. This verified the reliability of the pressure prediction for the case of multi-pressure abnormality.
引文
[1] 刘金水.西湖凹陷平湖构造带地层压力特征及与油气分布的关系[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2015,42(1):60- 69.
[2] 张国华.西湖凹陷高压形成机制及其对油气成藏的影响[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(2):1-8.
[3] 段飞飞,张海山,邱康,等.东海西湖凹陷异常压力机理及钻后检测方法研究[J].海洋石油,2016,36(1):42-47.
[4] 叶加仁,顾惠荣,贾健谊.东海西湖凹陷油气地质条件及其勘探潜力[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):111-116.
[5] 云美厚.地震地层压力预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):575-586.
[6] 樊洪海.测井资料检测地层孔隙压力传统方法讨论[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):72-74.
[7] 刘震,张万选,张厚福,等.辽西凹陷北洼下第三系异常地层压力分析[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):14-24.
[8] 真柄钦茨.压实与流体运移[M].陈荷立,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1981:8-9.
[9] Bowers G L.Pore pressure estimation from velocity data:Accounting for overpressure mechanisms besides under compaction[J].SPE Drilling & Completion,1995,10(2):89-95.
[10] Eaton B A.The effect of overburden stress on geopressure prediction from well logs[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,24(8):929-934.
[11] Fillippone W R.Estimation of formation parameters and the prediction of overpressures from seismic data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1982:482-483.
[12] 张卫华,何生,郭全仕.地震资料预测压力方法和展望[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):814-817.
[13] 马海.Fillippone地层压力预测方法的改进及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(6):56-61.
[14] 石万忠,何生,陈红汉.多地震属性联合反演在地层压力预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):580-585.
[15] Banik N,Koesoemadinata A,Wagner C,et al.Predrill pore-pressure prediction directly from seismically derived acoustic impedance[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.2013:2905-2909.
[16] 国春香,郭淑文,翟桐立,等.地震压力系数预测在深层天然气勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2017,41( 5) :852-855.
[17] Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction using prestack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):193-198.
[18] Dutta N C,Khazanehdari J.Estimation of formation fluid pressure using high-resolution velocity from inversion of seismic data and a rock physics model based on compaction and burial diagenesis of shales[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(12):1528-1539.
[19] Mario A G,Neil R B,Brent A C.Calibration and ranking of pore-pressure prediction models[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(12):1516-1523.
[20] 王斌,雍学善,潘建国,等.纵横波速度联合预测地层压力的方法及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):367-370.
[21] Xiao L,Zou C C,Mao Z Q,et al.An empirical approach of evaluating tight sandstone reservoir pore structure in the absence of NMR logs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,137:227-239.
[22] 邹玮,孙鹏,张书平,等.西湖凹陷钻前压力预测技术及应用[J].海洋地质前沿,2016,32(8):47-51.
[23] 杨彩虹,孙鹏,田超,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖组异常高压分布及形成机制探讨[J].海洋石油,2013,33(3):8-12.
[24] 段飞飞,张海山,邱康,等.东海西湖凹陷异常压力机理及钻后检测方法研究[J].海洋石油,2016,36(1):42-47.
[25] Suwannasri K,Promrak W,Utitsan S,et al.Reducing the variation of Eaton’s exponent for overpressure prediction in a basin affected by multiple overpressure mechanisms[J].Interpretation,2014,2(1):57-68.
[26] Kumar R.Integrated pore pressure prediction approach for successful drilling in tectonic area[C]//International Conference and Exhibition,2015:136-136.
[27] Alvarez J P,Mendoza A M,Winograd E A,et al.Pore pressure estimation in a tight sand reservoir:Neuquen Basin,case study[C]//The 49th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium,San Francisco,CA,USA.2015:351-357.
[28] Terzaghi N.Theoritical soil mechanics[M].New York:Springer,1943.
[29] Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12:155-164.
[30] Yu H.Dynamic effective pressure coefficient calibration[J].Geophysics,2014,80(1):556-561.
[31] Bowers G L,Henegar J R,Janicki J S.Temporal evaluation of left ventricular remodeling and function in rats with chronic volume overload[J].American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology,1996,271(5):2071-2078.
[32] Bowers G L.Detecting high overpressure[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):174-177.
[33] 叶勇.三维约束Dix反演层速度方法及其应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):443-446,367-368.
[2] 张国华.西湖凹陷高压形成机制及其对油气成藏的影响[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(2):1-8.
[3] 段飞飞,张海山,邱康,等.东海西湖凹陷异常压力机理及钻后检测方法研究[J].海洋石油,2016,36(1):42-47.
[4] 叶加仁,顾惠荣,贾健谊.东海西湖凹陷油气地质条件及其勘探潜力[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):111-116.
[5] 云美厚.地震地层压力预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):575-586.
[6] 樊洪海.测井资料检测地层孔隙压力传统方法讨论[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):72-74.
[7] 刘震,张万选,张厚福,等.辽西凹陷北洼下第三系异常地层压力分析[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):14-24.
[8] 真柄钦茨.压实与流体运移[M].陈荷立,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1981:8-9.
[9] Bowers G L.Pore pressure estimation from velocity data:Accounting for overpressure mechanisms besides under compaction[J].SPE Drilling & Completion,1995,10(2):89-95.
[10] Eaton B A.The effect of overburden stress on geopressure prediction from well logs[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,24(8):929-934.
[11] Fillippone W R.Estimation of formation parameters and the prediction of overpressures from seismic data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1982:482-483.
[12] 张卫华,何生,郭全仕.地震资料预测压力方法和展望[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):814-817.
[13] 马海.Fillippone地层压力预测方法的改进及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(6):56-61.
[14] 石万忠,何生,陈红汉.多地震属性联合反演在地层压力预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):580-585.
[15] Banik N,Koesoemadinata A,Wagner C,et al.Predrill pore-pressure prediction directly from seismically derived acoustic impedance[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.2013:2905-2909.
[16] 国春香,郭淑文,翟桐立,等.地震压力系数预测在深层天然气勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2017,41( 5) :852-855.
[17] Dutta N C.Deepwater geohazard prediction using prestack inversion of large offset P-wave data and rock model[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):193-198.
[18] Dutta N C,Khazanehdari J.Estimation of formation fluid pressure using high-resolution velocity from inversion of seismic data and a rock physics model based on compaction and burial diagenesis of shales[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(12):1528-1539.
[19] Mario A G,Neil R B,Brent A C.Calibration and ranking of pore-pressure prediction models[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(12):1516-1523.
[20] 王斌,雍学善,潘建国,等.纵横波速度联合预测地层压力的方法及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):367-370.
[21] Xiao L,Zou C C,Mao Z Q,et al.An empirical approach of evaluating tight sandstone reservoir pore structure in the absence of NMR logs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,137:227-239.
[22] 邹玮,孙鹏,张书平,等.西湖凹陷钻前压力预测技术及应用[J].海洋地质前沿,2016,32(8):47-51.
[23] 杨彩虹,孙鹏,田超,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖组异常高压分布及形成机制探讨[J].海洋石油,2013,33(3):8-12.
[24] 段飞飞,张海山,邱康,等.东海西湖凹陷异常压力机理及钻后检测方法研究[J].海洋石油,2016,36(1):42-47.
[25] Suwannasri K,Promrak W,Utitsan S,et al.Reducing the variation of Eaton’s exponent for overpressure prediction in a basin affected by multiple overpressure mechanisms[J].Interpretation,2014,2(1):57-68.
[26] Kumar R.Integrated pore pressure prediction approach for successful drilling in tectonic area[C]//International Conference and Exhibition,2015:136-136.
[27] Alvarez J P,Mendoza A M,Winograd E A,et al.Pore pressure estimation in a tight sand reservoir:Neuquen Basin,case study[C]//The 49th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium,San Francisco,CA,USA.2015:351-357.
[28] Terzaghi N.Theoritical soil mechanics[M].New York:Springer,1943.
[29] Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12:155-164.
[30] Yu H.Dynamic effective pressure coefficient calibration[J].Geophysics,2014,80(1):556-561.
[31] Bowers G L,Henegar J R,Janicki J S.Temporal evaluation of left ventricular remodeling and function in rats with chronic volume overload[J].American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology,1996,271(5):2071-2078.
[32] Bowers G L.Detecting high overpressure[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):174-177.
[33] 叶勇.三维约束Dix反演层速度方法及其应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):443-446,367-368.