三种糖源对凡纳滨对虾仔虾期饥饿和补偿生长后营养物质代谢的影响
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摘要
为了解2种状态(饥饿和复投喂)下投喂3种糖源对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生长、虾体组成成分、代谢指标的影响,实验共5个处理,分别为饥饿组S0、对照组C、实验组S1、S2、S3(在基础饲料中糖源分别为:葡萄糖、蔗糖、玉米淀粉)。实验选取体质量为(1.84±0.23)g的凡纳滨对虾仔虾用方形纱制网兜独立喂养,进行为期12 d的饥饿实验后继续复投喂12d。结果显示,饥饿后仔虾体组成成分及相关酶[脂肪酶(LPS)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、已糖激酶(HK)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)]差异显著;仔虾肝糖原、肌糖原均呈现出反复升降的过程,饥饿8 d后肝糖原降到最低值,肌糖原短暂回升后显著下降。复投喂4 d后S3组增重率最高,实验各组间无显著差异,均低于C组;全虾水分、全虾粗灰分、肌糖原含量无显著差异;S1、S2组虾体粗脂肪含量显著高于S3组;肝糖原、肌糖原均有回升,S1组肝糖原显著低于其他组。复投喂12 d后,S3组LPS活性、HK活性显著高于其他各实验组,GS、PFK含量实验组间无显著差异。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾仔虾饥饿过程中糖原和脂肪先于蛋白质被动用供能;复投喂出现部分补偿生长效应,玉米淀粉作为糖源饲料对凡纳滨对虾仔虾期恢复生长效果最佳。
The present study investigated the effect of two states(hunger and refeeding) on the growth performance, body composition and related metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei. There were 5 treatments in the experiment, which were starvation group(S0), control group(C), experimental group named S1, S2 and S3(sugar sources: glucose, sucrose, cornstarch, respectively), while the juvenile L. vannamei(1.84±0.23) g continue to feed for 12 days after 12 days of starvation. The results showed that starvation affected body composition of juvenile L.vannamei postlarvae and related enzymes [lipase(LPS), phosphofructokinase(PFK), hexokinase(HK), glutamine synthetase(GS)] significantly; shrimp liver and muscle glycogen were repeated movements, after 8 d starvation glycogen dropped to the lowest value, muscle glycogen decreased significantly after a brief rebound. The weight gain in S3 group was the highest after refeeding 4 days, the experimental groups were lower than the C group significantly and it was not significant among the experimental groups. The liver glycogen, muscle glycogen content in S1 was significantly lower, The activity of LPS and HK increased greatly during the early days of refeeding, and there was no significant difference in the content of LPS and PFK between the experimental groups.After refeeding 12 days, the activity of LPS and HK in S3 was significantly higher the other experimental groups;there was no significant different between GS and PFK content in experimental groups. The study showed that the glycogen and fat were first used for energy supply during the starvation of L. vannamei, and the refeeding was partly compensated for growth, and the effect of corn starch sugar source feed was the best.
The present study investigated the effect of two states(hunger and refeeding) on the growth performance, body composition and related metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei. There were 5 treatments in the experiment, which were starvation group(S0), control group(C), experimental group named S1, S2 and S3(sugar sources: glucose, sucrose, cornstarch, respectively), while the juvenile L. vannamei(1.84±0.23) g continue to feed for 12 days after 12 days of starvation. The results showed that starvation affected body composition of juvenile L.vannamei postlarvae and related enzymes [lipase(LPS), phosphofructokinase(PFK), hexokinase(HK), glutamine synthetase(GS)] significantly; shrimp liver and muscle glycogen were repeated movements, after 8 d starvation glycogen dropped to the lowest value, muscle glycogen decreased significantly after a brief rebound. The weight gain in S3 group was the highest after refeeding 4 days, the experimental groups were lower than the C group significantly and it was not significant among the experimental groups. The liver glycogen, muscle glycogen content in S1 was significantly lower, The activity of LPS and HK increased greatly during the early days of refeeding, and there was no significant difference in the content of LPS and PFK between the experimental groups.After refeeding 12 days, the activity of LPS and HK in S3 was significantly higher the other experimental groups;there was no significant different between GS and PFK content in experimental groups. The study showed that the glycogen and fat were first used for energy supply during the starvation of L. vannamei, and the refeeding was partly compensated for growth, and the effect of corn starch sugar source feed was the best.
引文
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[5]杨其彬,姜松,黄建华,等.斑节对虾的饥饿试验和补偿生长[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):25-31.Yang Q B,Jiang S,Huang J H,et al.The compensatory growth of Penaeus monodon after starvation[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):25-31(in Chinese).
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[9]孟庆武,张秀梅,张沛东,等.饥饿对凡纳滨对虾仔虾摄食行为和消化酶活力的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2006,27(5):44-50.Meng Q W,Zhang X M,Zhang P D,et al.Effects of starvation on feeding behaviour and digestive enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2006,27(5):44-50(in Chinese).
[10]潘剑雄.周期性断食-投喂对凡纳滨对虾氮磷收支和环境氮磷负荷的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2006.Pan J X.The effects of periodic starvation on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of Litopenaeus vannamei and environmental N&P loading[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2006(in Chinese).
[11]Whyte J N C,Englar J R,Carswell B L,et al.Influence of starvation and subsequent feeding on body composition and energy reserves in the prawn Pandalus platyceros[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1986,43(6):1142-1148.
[12]Kim M K,Lovell R T.Effect of restricted feeding regimens on compensatory weight gain and body tissue changes in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in ponds[J].Aquaculture,1995,135(4):285-293.
[13]翁幼竹,李少菁,王桂忠.饥饿对锯缘青蟹幼体生化组成的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(1):84-88.Weng Y Z,Li S J,Wang G Z.Effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of Scylla serrata larvae[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2002,41(1):84-88(in Chinese).
[14]Barclay M C,Dall W,Smith D M.Changes in lipid and protein during starvation and the moulting cycle in the tiger prawn,Penaeus esculentus Haswell[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1983,68(3):229-244.
[15]王沛宾,林学群.饥饿和恢复投喂对红鳍笛鲷生化组成的影响[J].水产科学,2005,24(12):10-13.Wang P B,Lin X Q.Effects of starvation and refeeding on biochemical composition of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythopterus[J].Fisheries Science,2005,24(12):10-13(in Chinese).
[16]温小波,陈立侨,艾春香,等.中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饥饿代谢研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(5):443-446.Wen X B,Chen L Q,Ai C X,et al.Study on starvation metabolism in juvenile Chinese mitten-handed crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2001,7(5):443-446(in Chinese).
[17]王美雪,郭冉,夏辉,等.七种不同结构糖源对凡纳滨对虾三大营养物质代谢的影响[J].水产学报,2016,40(4):626-633.Wang M X,Guo R,Xia H,et al.Effects of seven kinds of carbohydrate structure on the metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(4):626-633(in Chinese).
[18]Beardall C H,Johnston I A.The ultrastructure of myotomal muscles of the saithe Pollachius virens L.following starvation and refeeding[J].European Journal of Cell Biology,1985,39:105-111.
[19]高露蛟,陈立侨,赵晓勤,等.施氏鲟幼鱼的饥饿和补偿生长研究--对消化器官结构和酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(5):413-419.Gao L J,Chen L Q,Zhao X Q,et al.Starvation and compensatory growth of Acipenser schrenckii juvenileseffects on digestive organs structure and digestive enzymes activity[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(5):413-419(in Chinese).
[20]Rosas C,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G,et al.An energetic and conceptual model of the physiological role of dietary carbohydrates and salinity on Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2002,268(1):47-67.
[21]Hayward R S,Noltie D B,Wang N.Use of compensatory growth to double hybrid sunfish growth rates[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1997,126(2):316-322.
[22]Lin J H,Shiau S Y.Hepatic enzyme adaptation to different dietary carbohydrates in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1995,14(2):165-170.
[23]Sánchez-Paz A,García-Carre?o F,Hernández-López J,et al.Effect of short-term starvation on hepatopancreas and plasma energy reserves of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,340(2):184-193.
[2]董学兴,吕林兰,黄金田,等.饥饿后再投喂对异育银鲫血液生理和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(23):76-79.Dong X X,LüL L,Huang J T,et al.Effect of starvation and re-feeding on blood physiological and non-specific immune parameters of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(23):76-79(in Chinese).
[3]Wu L X,Dong S L,Wang F,et al.Compensatory growth response following periods of starvation in Chinese shrimp,Penaeus chinensis Osbeck[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,2000,19(2):717-722.
[4]王军霞,李志华,谢松.饥饿补偿对日本沼虾生长及生化组成的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,25(6):644-649,679.Wang J X,Li Z H,Xie S.Effects of starvation on growth and biochemical composition in shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense[J].Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition),2005,25(6):644-649,679(in Chinese).
[5]杨其彬,姜松,黄建华,等.斑节对虾的饥饿试验和补偿生长[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):25-31.Yang Q B,Jiang S,Huang J H,et al.The compensatory growth of Penaeus monodon after starvation[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):25-31(in Chinese).
[6]Quetin L B,Ross R M,Uchio K.Metabolic characteristics of midwater zooplankton:ammonia excretion,O:Nrations,and the effect of starvation[J].Marine Biology,1980,59(4):201-209.
[7]刘璐,吴立新,张伟光,等.饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾糖代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):697-700.Liu L,Wu L X,Zhang W G,et al.Effects of starvation and re-feeding on carbohydrate metabolism of Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(3):697-700(in Chinese).
[8]于赫男,林小涛,许忠能,等.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)继饥饿后恢复生长期间生化组成及能量收支的动态变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(2):124-130.Yu H N,Lin X T,Xu Z N,et al.Post-Starvation recovery growth of Litopenaeus vannamei and variations in biochemical composition and energy budgeting[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(2):124-130 (in Chinese).
[9]孟庆武,张秀梅,张沛东,等.饥饿对凡纳滨对虾仔虾摄食行为和消化酶活力的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2006,27(5):44-50.Meng Q W,Zhang X M,Zhang P D,et al.Effects of starvation on feeding behaviour and digestive enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2006,27(5):44-50(in Chinese).
[10]潘剑雄.周期性断食-投喂对凡纳滨对虾氮磷收支和环境氮磷负荷的影响[D].广州:暨南大学,2006.Pan J X.The effects of periodic starvation on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of Litopenaeus vannamei and environmental N&P loading[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2006(in Chinese).
[11]Whyte J N C,Englar J R,Carswell B L,et al.Influence of starvation and subsequent feeding on body composition and energy reserves in the prawn Pandalus platyceros[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1986,43(6):1142-1148.
[12]Kim M K,Lovell R T.Effect of restricted feeding regimens on compensatory weight gain and body tissue changes in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in ponds[J].Aquaculture,1995,135(4):285-293.
[13]翁幼竹,李少菁,王桂忠.饥饿对锯缘青蟹幼体生化组成的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2002,41(1):84-88.Weng Y Z,Li S J,Wang G Z.Effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of Scylla serrata larvae[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2002,41(1):84-88(in Chinese).
[14]Barclay M C,Dall W,Smith D M.Changes in lipid and protein during starvation and the moulting cycle in the tiger prawn,Penaeus esculentus Haswell[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1983,68(3):229-244.
[15]王沛宾,林学群.饥饿和恢复投喂对红鳍笛鲷生化组成的影响[J].水产科学,2005,24(12):10-13.Wang P B,Lin X Q.Effects of starvation and refeeding on biochemical composition of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythopterus[J].Fisheries Science,2005,24(12):10-13(in Chinese).
[16]温小波,陈立侨,艾春香,等.中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饥饿代谢研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(5):443-446.Wen X B,Chen L Q,Ai C X,et al.Study on starvation metabolism in juvenile Chinese mitten-handed crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2001,7(5):443-446(in Chinese).
[17]王美雪,郭冉,夏辉,等.七种不同结构糖源对凡纳滨对虾三大营养物质代谢的影响[J].水产学报,2016,40(4):626-633.Wang M X,Guo R,Xia H,et al.Effects of seven kinds of carbohydrate structure on the metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(4):626-633(in Chinese).
[18]Beardall C H,Johnston I A.The ultrastructure of myotomal muscles of the saithe Pollachius virens L.following starvation and refeeding[J].European Journal of Cell Biology,1985,39:105-111.
[19]高露蛟,陈立侨,赵晓勤,等.施氏鲟幼鱼的饥饿和补偿生长研究--对消化器官结构和酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(5):413-419.Gao L J,Chen L Q,Zhao X Q,et al.Starvation and compensatory growth of Acipenser schrenckii juvenileseffects on digestive organs structure and digestive enzymes activity[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(5):413-419(in Chinese).
[20]Rosas C,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G,et al.An energetic and conceptual model of the physiological role of dietary carbohydrates and salinity on Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2002,268(1):47-67.
[21]Hayward R S,Noltie D B,Wang N.Use of compensatory growth to double hybrid sunfish growth rates[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1997,126(2):316-322.
[22]Lin J H,Shiau S Y.Hepatic enzyme adaptation to different dietary carbohydrates in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1995,14(2):165-170.
[23]Sánchez-Paz A,García-Carre?o F,Hernández-López J,et al.Effect of short-term starvation on hepatopancreas and plasma energy reserves of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,340(2):184-193.