喷头和施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积和药剂防治效果的影响
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摘要
为明确喷头及施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积及药剂防治效果的影响,采用丽春红-G示踪法测定了4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002在不同施药液量条件下喷雾农药在水稻植株上的沉积分布特性,并比较了4种喷头施用相同剂量的40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WDG对水稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的防治效果。结果表明,选择ST11002和TR8001喷头,在施药液量300 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量分别达到27.55μg和28.16μg;选择ST11001和TR8002喷头,在施药液量900 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量仅分别为12.27μg和14.86μg。喷头和施药液量的改变不影响水稻植株上农药沉积分布特性,均为上层沉积量>中层沉积量>下层沉积量。当施药液量从300 L/hm~2增加到900 L/hm~2,4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002喷雾在水稻基部的雾滴密度分别增加了8.21、8.54、7.79和9.69倍;但在相同施药液量下,4种喷头在水稻基部的雾滴密度没有显著差异。同一剂量下,喷头和施药液量不同组合的防治效果间差异显著。表明针对稻田不同防治对象,选择合适的喷头及施药液量将有助于提高农药沉积及防治效果。
In order to clarify the influence of the spray nozzle and spray volume affect the deposition of pesticides and the biological effects of pesticides on rice plants, trace method was used. Four types of spray nozzles, ST11001, ST11002, TR8001 and TR8002, were compared. The control efficiency against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Nilaparvata lugens were compared by spraying the same dose 40%chlorantraniliprole · thiamethoxam WDG with four spray nozzles. The results showed that the deposition of ponceau-G on a single rice plant reached 27.55 μg and 28.16 μg respectively with ST11002 and TR8001 spray nozzles spraying at 300 L/hm~2 with the same amount of ponceau-G. The depositions of ponceau-G on a single rice plant were 12.27 μg and 14.86 μg respectively with ST11001 and TR8002 spray nozzles spraying at 900 L/hm~2. The change of spray nozzles and spray volume did not affect the trend of pesticide deposition on rice plants, namely, upper layer>middle layer>lower layer. There was no significant difference in droplet density at the base of the rice by four spray nozzles with the same spray volume. If the spray volume increased from 300 L/hm~2 to 900 L/hm~2, the droplet density at the base of the rice by four spray nozzles increased 8.21, 8.54, 7.79 and 9.69 times respectively. Under the same dose condition, there was a significant difference of the control effect with the different combinations of the spray nozzles and spray volumes. The results indicated that in the control of different rice pests and diseases, choosing suitable spray nozzles and using proper spray volume would contribute to better pesticide deposition and control effects.
In order to clarify the influence of the spray nozzle and spray volume affect the deposition of pesticides and the biological effects of pesticides on rice plants, trace method was used. Four types of spray nozzles, ST11001, ST11002, TR8001 and TR8002, were compared. The control efficiency against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Nilaparvata lugens were compared by spraying the same dose 40%chlorantraniliprole · thiamethoxam WDG with four spray nozzles. The results showed that the deposition of ponceau-G on a single rice plant reached 27.55 μg and 28.16 μg respectively with ST11002 and TR8001 spray nozzles spraying at 300 L/hm~2 with the same amount of ponceau-G. The depositions of ponceau-G on a single rice plant were 12.27 μg and 14.86 μg respectively with ST11001 and TR8002 spray nozzles spraying at 900 L/hm~2. The change of spray nozzles and spray volume did not affect the trend of pesticide deposition on rice plants, namely, upper layer>middle layer>lower layer. There was no significant difference in droplet density at the base of the rice by four spray nozzles with the same spray volume. If the spray volume increased from 300 L/hm~2 to 900 L/hm~2, the droplet density at the base of the rice by four spray nozzles increased 8.21, 8.54, 7.79 and 9.69 times respectively. Under the same dose condition, there was a significant difference of the control effect with the different combinations of the spray nozzles and spray volumes. The results indicated that in the control of different rice pests and diseases, choosing suitable spray nozzles and using proper spray volume would contribute to better pesticide deposition and control effects.
引文
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Dong YX,Gu ZY,Xu DJ,Xu GC,Xu XL.2012.Influence of droplet densities and spray methods on the efficiency of chlorpyrifos against brown planthopper.Journal of Plant Protection,39(1):75-80(in Chinese)[董玉轩,顾中言,徐德进,徐广春,许小龙.2012.雾滴密度与喷雾方式对毒死蜱防治褐飞虱效果的影响.植物保护学报,39(1):75-80]
Fan R,Shi SB,Yang FZ,Zhao YL,Liu ZJ,Huang FG.2014.Research status and development trends on nozzles used in plant protection machinery.Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,6(6):6-9(in Chinese)[樊荣,师帅兵,杨福增,赵有亮,刘志杰,黄发光.2014.我国植保机械常用喷头的研究现状及发展趋势.农机化研究,6(6):6-9]
FoquéD,Nuyttens D.2010.Effects of nozzle type and spray angle on spray deposition in ivy pot plants.Pest Management Science,67(2):199-208
Han HY,Cai SK.2011.Study on the health cost of pesticide application and its determining factors:an empirical study based on a field survey of rice households in Anhui Province.Journal of China Agricultural University,16(5):163-170(in Chinese)[韩洪云,蔡书凯.2011.农药施用健康成本及其影响因素研究--基于粮食主产区农户调研数据.中国农业大学学报,16(5):163-170]
He L,Wang GB,Hu T,Meng YH,Yan XJ,Yuan HZ.2017.Influences of spray adjuvants and spray volume on the droplet deposition distribution with unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)spraying on rice.Journal of Plant Protection,44(6):1046-1052(in Chinese)[何玲,王国宾,胡韬,蒙艳华,闫晓静,袁会珠.2017.喷雾助剂及施液量对植保无人机喷雾雾滴在水稻冠层沉积分布的影响.植物保护学报,44(6):1046-1052]
He XK,Zeng AJ,He J.2002.Effect of wind velocity from orchard sprayer on droplet deposit and distribution.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,18(4):75-77(in Chinese)[何雄奎,曾爱军,何娟.2002.果园喷雾机风速对雾滴的沉积分布影响研究.农业工程学报,18(4):75-77]
Heidary MAI,Douzals JP,Sinfort C,Vallet A.2014.Influence of spray characteristics on potential spray drift of field crop sprayers:a literature review.Crop Protection,63:120-130
Kaminski JE,Fidanza MA.2009.Dollar spot severity as influenced by fungicide mode of activity and spray nozzle.HortScience,44(6):1762-1766
Liu WC,Liu ZD,Huang C,Lu MH,Liu J,Yang QP.2016.Statistics and analysis of crop yield losses caused by main diseases and insect pests in recent 10 years.Plant Protection,42(5):1-9,46(in Chinese)[刘万才,刘振东,黄冲,陆明红,刘杰,杨清坡.2016.近10年农作物主要病虫害发生危险情况的统计和分析.植物保护,42(5):1-9,46]
Qin WC,Qiu BJ,Gu W,Chen C.2016.Influence of nozzle types on pesticide deposition on cucumber leaves and their inhibitive effects on Sphaerotheca fuliginea in greenhouses.Journal of Plant Protection,43(3):501-506(in Chinese)[秦维彩,邱白晶,顾伟,陈晨.2016.喷头类型对棚室黄瓜叶片的药液沉积和白粉病防治效果的影响.植物保护学报,43(3):501-506]
Qiu W,Gu JB,Ding WM,Sun CD,Li YN,Zhao SQ.2015.The droplet deposition distribution in fruit canopy using air assisted sprayer.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),36(2):68-72(in Chinese)[邱威,顾家冰,丁为民,孙诚达,李毅念,赵三琴.2015.果园风送式施药雾滴在冠层内沉积分布规律.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),36(2):68-72]
Song SR,Wang WX,Hong TS,Wang P,Luo XW,Sinfort C,Tisseyre B,Sevila F.2003.Testing research on effects of top layer rice fog drop interception on pesticide spraying distribution in rice fields.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,19(6):114-117(in Chinese)[宋淑然,王卫星,洪添胜,王平,罗锡文,Sinfort C,Tisseyre B,Sevila F.2003.水稻田农药喷雾上层植株雾滴截留影响的试验研究.农业工程学报,19(6):114-117]
Tang HL,Liu NX,Zhao YX,Liu CM.2000.An experimental research on spray distribution volume in paddy fields by different insecticide-spreading instruments.Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),26(5):368-371(in Chinese)[唐会联,刘年喜,赵玉祥,刘慈明.2000.不同药械在稻田喷洒分布量的研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),26(5):368-371]
Tang T,Peng MJ,Li ZL,Liu XY,Liu DC,Wei CG.2010.Impacts of insecticide-spraying instrument,usage volume of water and adjuvant:control efficacies of chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam against rice stem borers.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,26(13):335-338(in Chinese)[唐涛,彭孟军,李忠良,刘雪源,刘都才,魏昌贵.2010.药械、用水量与助剂对氯虫·噻虫嗪防治水稻螟虫的效果影响.中国农学通报,26(13):335-338]
Wang XN,He XK,Song JL,Herbst A.2015.Effect of adjuvant types and concentration on spray drift potential of different nozzles.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,31(22):49-55(in Chinese)[王潇楠,何雄奎,宋坚利,Herbst A.2015.助剂类型及浓度对不同喷头雾滴飘移的影响.农业工程学报,31(22):49-55]
Xu DJ,Gu ZY,Xu GC,Xu XL.2014.Influence of spray method on the deposit and distribution of spray droplets in rice field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(1):69-79(in Chinese)[徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,许小龙.2014.喷雾方式对农药雾滴在水稻群体内沉积分布的影响.中国农业科学,47(1):69-79]
Xu DJ,Gu ZY,Xu GC,Xu XL,Dong YX.2012.Effects of droplet density and droplet size on control efficiency of chlorantraniliprole against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée).Scientia Agricultural Sinica,45(4):666-674(in Chinese)[徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,许小龙,董玉轩.2012.雾滴密度及大小对氯虫苯甲酰胺防治稻纵卷叶螟效果的影响.中国农业科学,45(4):666-674]
Xu DJ,Xu GC,Xu XL,Gu ZY.2015.Spray parameter optimization based on the amount of pesticide deposition and its biological effect on cabbage diamondback moth.Journal of Plant Protection,42(5):755-762(in Chinese)[徐德进,徐广春,许小龙,顾中言.2015.基于沉积量和生物效果的甘蓝小菜蛾防治喷雾参数优化.植物保护学报,42(5):755-762]
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