小麦秸秆对杂草种子萌发和土壤微生物代谢的影响
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摘要
通过室内模拟小麦秸秆还田,研究小麦秸秆对农田杂草种子萌发和土壤微生物代谢功能的影响。结果表明,小麦秸秆对杂草种子的萌发抑制活性随秸秆还田的时间呈动态变化,0～10 d抑草活性逐渐增强,10 d后抑草活性逐渐降低。对狗尾草种子的萌发抑制效果最好,在10 d时对狗尾草种子萌发抑制率高达83%。采用Biolog方法研究土壤微生物代谢功能,10 d处理土壤微生物结构多样性及代谢活性显著高于其他处理。研究明确了小麦秸秆还田能够抑制杂草种子萌发,并改变土壤微生物环境。
The effects of simulated returning of wheat straws to field on germination of weeds and metabolism of soil microbial community were explored. The results showed that the germination inhibitory activity of wheat straw on weed seeds was changed dynamically with straw mulching time. The inhibitory activity gradually increased in 0-10 d and decreased after 10 d. The inhibition rate of Setaria viridis seed germination was the highest(83%) in 10 d. The Biolog method was used to study soil microbial metabolic function, and we found that soil microbial structure diversity and metabolic activity were significantly higher than under other treatments in 10 d. The study preliminarily confirmed that returning wheat straws to field could inhibit the germination of weeds and change soil microbial environment.
The effects of simulated returning of wheat straws to field on germination of weeds and metabolism of soil microbial community were explored. The results showed that the germination inhibitory activity of wheat straw on weed seeds was changed dynamically with straw mulching time. The inhibitory activity gradually increased in 0-10 d and decreased after 10 d. The inhibition rate of Setaria viridis seed germination was the highest(83%) in 10 d. The Biolog method was used to study soil microbial metabolic function, and we found that soil microbial structure diversity and metabolic activity were significantly higher than under other treatments in 10 d. The study preliminarily confirmed that returning wheat straws to field could inhibit the germination of weeds and change soil microbial environment.
引文
[1] 高宗军,李美,高兴祥,等.不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):15-21.
[2] 韩惠芳,宁堂原,田慎重,等.土壤耕作及秸秆还田对夏玉米田杂草生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1140-1147.
[3] 李秉华,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.夏播大豆田秸秆覆盖对杂草发生的影响与减量用药研究[J].杂草科学,2010(2):10-14.
[4] 王晓琳,张卓亚,伏进,等.秸秆还田条件下不同播种量结合除草剂对杂草和小麦生长的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):307-313.
[5] 赵灿,戴伟民,李淑顺,等.连续13年稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田的稻麦连作麦田杂草种子库物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):366-374.
[6] 高婷,王红春,石旭旭,等.小麦秸秆还田及水层深度对水稻机械化插秧田主要杂草种群发生规律的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):53-57.
[7] 马旭明,路战远,张德健,等.保护性耕作条件下小麦、玉米、大豆田间杂草防治存在的问题及对策研究[J].农村牧区机械化,2004(4):6-7.
[8] 方日尧,赵慧清,方娟.不同保护性耕作下冬小麦田杂草滋生情况调查研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):90-103.
[9] 陈庆华,周小刚,郑仕军,等.不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草的发生及小麦产量的影响[J].杂草科学,2013,31(2):50-52.
[10] CASTRO H F, CLASSEN A T, AUSTIN E E, et al. Soil microbial community responses to multiple experimental climate change drivers [J]. Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010, 76(4): 999-1007.
[11] 刘晓婧,涂仕华,孙锡发,等.秸秆还田与施肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量及固氮菌群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5210-5218.
[12] 何莉莉,杨慧敏,钟哲科,等.生物炭对农田土壤细菌群落多样性影响的PCR_DGGE分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4288-4294.
[13] 郭梨锦,曹凑贵,张枝盛,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对稻田表层土壤微生物群落的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1577-1584.
[14] CEJANAVARRO J A, RIVERAORDUNA F N, PATINOZUNIGA L, et al. Phylogenetic and multivariate analyses to determine the effects of different tillage and residue management practices on soil bacterial communities [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(11): 3685-3691.
[15] 李涛,葛晓颖,何春娥,等.豆科秸秆、氮肥配施玉米秸秆还田对秸秆矿化和微生物功能多样性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2377-2384.
[16] 张蕾,张春辉,吕俊平,等.青藏高原东缘31种常见杂草种子萌发特性及其与种子大小的关系[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2115-2121.
[17] 金鑫,蔡林运,李刚华,等.小麦秸秆全量还田对水稻生长及稻田氧化还原物质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(5):80-84.
[18] ZHANG Fan, SUI Ning, YU Chaorun, et al. Effects of wheat straw returning and potassium fertilizer application on yield and nutrients uptake of cotton [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(12): 2169.
[19] 侯颖,徐建强,宋宇州,等.三种杀菌剂对牡丹黑斑病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发的影响[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(6):367-372.
[20] CLASSEN A T, BOYLE S I, HASKINS K E, et al. Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi: plate type and incubation temperature influences on contrasting soils [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2003, 44(3): 319-328.
[21] 靳百慧,杨羚钰,徐玉龙,等.三七收获后不同年限土壤微生物代谢多样性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(3):284-292.
[22] GRIZZLE H W, ZAK J C. A microtiter plate procedure for evaluating fungal functional diversity on nitrogen substrates [J]. Mycologia, 2017, 98(2): 353-363.
[23] ROGERS B F, TATE R L. Temporal analysis of the soil microbial community along a toposequence in Pineland soils [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(10): 1389-1401.
[24] 王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J]土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-214.
[25] 李志裴,王广军,谢俊,等.草鱼养殖池塘生物膜固着微生物群落碳代谢Biolog分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(12):1985-1994.
[26] 杜滢鑫,鞋宝明,蔡洪生,等.大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):740-747.
[27] 邹春娇,齐明芳,马建,等.Biolog_ECO解析黄瓜连作营养基质中微生物群落结构多样性特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):942-951.
[28] GROVE J A, KAUTOLA H, JAVADPOUR S, et al. Assessment of changes in the microorganism community in a biofilter[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2004,18(2):111-114.
[29] 张锋,李新华,张凤云,等.玉米秸秆还田与氮肥互作对不同类型小麦产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(6):103-106.
[30] 陈尚洪,朱钟麟,吴婕,等.紫色土丘陵区秸秆还田的腐解特征及对土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):141-144.
[31] 李贵,冒宇翔,沈俊明,等.小麦秸秆还田方式对水稻田杂草化学防治效果及水稻产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1102-1109.
[32] DEGENSA B P, SCHIPPER L A, SPARLING G P, et al. Decreases in organic c reserves in soils can reduce the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(2): 189-196.
[33] ZHENG Liping, LONG Tao, LIN Yusuo, et al. Biolog-ECO analysis of microbial community functional diversity in organochlorine contaminated soil [J]. Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology, 2013, 19(5): 759-765.
[34] WEBER K P, GROVE J A, GEHDER M, et al. Data transformations in the analysis of community-level substrate utilization data from microplates[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2007, 69(3): 461-469.
[35] 董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):444-446.
[36] 罗希茜,郝晓晖,陈涛,等.长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):740-748.
[2] 韩惠芳,宁堂原,田慎重,等.土壤耕作及秸秆还田对夏玉米田杂草生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1140-1147.
[3] 李秉华,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.夏播大豆田秸秆覆盖对杂草发生的影响与减量用药研究[J].杂草科学,2010(2):10-14.
[4] 王晓琳,张卓亚,伏进,等.秸秆还田条件下不同播种量结合除草剂对杂草和小麦生长的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):307-313.
[5] 赵灿,戴伟民,李淑顺,等.连续13年稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田的稻麦连作麦田杂草种子库物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):366-374.
[6] 高婷,王红春,石旭旭,等.小麦秸秆还田及水层深度对水稻机械化插秧田主要杂草种群发生规律的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(1):53-57.
[7] 马旭明,路战远,张德健,等.保护性耕作条件下小麦、玉米、大豆田间杂草防治存在的问题及对策研究[J].农村牧区机械化,2004(4):6-7.
[8] 方日尧,赵慧清,方娟.不同保护性耕作下冬小麦田杂草滋生情况调查研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):90-103.
[9] 陈庆华,周小刚,郑仕军,等.不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草的发生及小麦产量的影响[J].杂草科学,2013,31(2):50-52.
[10] CASTRO H F, CLASSEN A T, AUSTIN E E, et al. Soil microbial community responses to multiple experimental climate change drivers [J]. Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010, 76(4): 999-1007.
[11] 刘晓婧,涂仕华,孙锡发,等.秸秆还田与施肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量及固氮菌群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5210-5218.
[12] 何莉莉,杨慧敏,钟哲科,等.生物炭对农田土壤细菌群落多样性影响的PCR_DGGE分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4288-4294.
[13] 郭梨锦,曹凑贵,张枝盛,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对稻田表层土壤微生物群落的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1577-1584.
[14] CEJANAVARRO J A, RIVERAORDUNA F N, PATINOZUNIGA L, et al. Phylogenetic and multivariate analyses to determine the effects of different tillage and residue management practices on soil bacterial communities [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010, 76(11): 3685-3691.
[15] 李涛,葛晓颖,何春娥,等.豆科秸秆、氮肥配施玉米秸秆还田对秸秆矿化和微生物功能多样性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2377-2384.
[16] 张蕾,张春辉,吕俊平,等.青藏高原东缘31种常见杂草种子萌发特性及其与种子大小的关系[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2115-2121.
[17] 金鑫,蔡林运,李刚华,等.小麦秸秆全量还田对水稻生长及稻田氧化还原物质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(5):80-84.
[18] ZHANG Fan, SUI Ning, YU Chaorun, et al. Effects of wheat straw returning and potassium fertilizer application on yield and nutrients uptake of cotton [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(12): 2169.
[19] 侯颖,徐建强,宋宇州,等.三种杀菌剂对牡丹黑斑病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发的影响[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(6):367-372.
[20] CLASSEN A T, BOYLE S I, HASKINS K E, et al. Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi: plate type and incubation temperature influences on contrasting soils [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2003, 44(3): 319-328.
[21] 靳百慧,杨羚钰,徐玉龙,等.三七收获后不同年限土壤微生物代谢多样性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(3):284-292.
[22] GRIZZLE H W, ZAK J C. A microtiter plate procedure for evaluating fungal functional diversity on nitrogen substrates [J]. Mycologia, 2017, 98(2): 353-363.
[23] ROGERS B F, TATE R L. Temporal analysis of the soil microbial community along a toposequence in Pineland soils [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(10): 1389-1401.
[24] 王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J]土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-214.
[25] 李志裴,王广军,谢俊,等.草鱼养殖池塘生物膜固着微生物群落碳代谢Biolog分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(12):1985-1994.
[26] 杜滢鑫,鞋宝明,蔡洪生,等.大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):740-747.
[27] 邹春娇,齐明芳,马建,等.Biolog_ECO解析黄瓜连作营养基质中微生物群落结构多样性特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):942-951.
[28] GROVE J A, KAUTOLA H, JAVADPOUR S, et al. Assessment of changes in the microorganism community in a biofilter[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2004,18(2):111-114.
[29] 张锋,李新华,张凤云,等.玉米秸秆还田与氮肥互作对不同类型小麦产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(6):103-106.
[30] 陈尚洪,朱钟麟,吴婕,等.紫色土丘陵区秸秆还田的腐解特征及对土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):141-144.
[31] 李贵,冒宇翔,沈俊明,等.小麦秸秆还田方式对水稻田杂草化学防治效果及水稻产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1102-1109.
[32] DEGENSA B P, SCHIPPER L A, SPARLING G P, et al. Decreases in organic c reserves in soils can reduce the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(2): 189-196.
[33] ZHENG Liping, LONG Tao, LIN Yusuo, et al. Biolog-ECO analysis of microbial community functional diversity in organochlorine contaminated soil [J]. Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology, 2013, 19(5): 759-765.
[34] WEBER K P, GROVE J A, GEHDER M, et al. Data transformations in the analysis of community-level substrate utilization data from microplates[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2007, 69(3): 461-469.
[35] 董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):444-446.
[36] 罗希茜,郝晓晖,陈涛,等.长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):740-748.